小(xiao)(xiao)琴絲竹(學(xue)名:Bambusa multiplex (Lour.) Raeusch. ex Schult. 'Alphonse-Kar' R. A. Young)是(shi)禾本科,簕(le)竹屬灌木或喬木狀(zhuang)竹類植(zhi)物,竿(gan)(gan)高可達7米,尾梢近直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)或略彎,下(xia)部挺直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),綠(lv)(lv)色(se)(se);竿(gan)(gan)壁稍薄;節處稍隆起,無毛;竿(gan)(gan)和分(fen)枝(zhi)的(de)節間黃(huang)色(se)(se),具(ju)不(bu)(bu)(bu)同寬度(du)的(de)綠(lv)(lv)色(se)(se)縱條紋(wen)(wen),竿(gan)(gan)籜新鮮時綠(lv)(lv)色(se)(se),具(ju)黃(huang)白色(se)(se)縱條紋(wen)(wen)。籜鞘(qiao)呈梯形(xing)(xing)(xing),背面(mian)無毛,籜耳(er)(er)極微小(xiao)(xiao)以至不(bu)(bu)(bu)明(ming)顯,邊緣(yuan)有少(shao)許繸毛;籜片直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)立,狹(xia)三角形(xing)(xing)(xing),葉鞘(qiao)無毛,葉耳(er)(er)腎形(xing)(xing)(xing),葉舌圓拱形(xing)(xing)(xing),葉片線形(xing)(xing)(xing),上表(biao)(biao)面(mian)無毛,下(xia)表(biao)(biao)面(mian)粉(fen)綠(lv)(lv)而密(mi)被短(duan)柔毛,苞片線形(xing)(xing)(xing)至線狀(zhuang)披針形(xing)(xing)(xing),小(xiao)(xiao)穗(sui)含小(xiao)(xiao)花(hua),中間小(xiao)(xiao)花(hua)為兩性;小(xiao)(xiao)穗(sui)軸節間形(xing)(xing)(xing)扁(bian),外稃兩側稍不(bu)(bu)(bu)對稱,長(chang)圓狀(zhuang)披針形(xing)(xing)(xing),花(hua)藥(yao)紫色(se)(se),子房卵球形(xing)(xing)(xing),柱頭直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)接從(cong)子房頂端(duan)伸出,成熟穎果(guo)未見(jian)。
中國(guo)四川(chuan)、廣東和臺灣(wan)等省于庭園中栽(zai)培。小琴絲(si)竹(zhu)喜溫(wen)暖濕潤氣候(hou)。小琴絲(si)竹(zhu)具有較強的抗旱(han)能(neng)力和耐寒性,在冬季-6℃左右的低溫(wen)條件(jian)下能(neng)安全越冬。
竿和分枝的色澤鮮明,有如黃金間碧玉,在庭(ting)園(yuan)種植以供觀賞。
中(zhong)國四川(chuan)、廣東和(he)臺灣等省于庭園中(zhong)栽培。小琴(qin)絲竹(zhu)喜(xi)溫(wen)暖濕潤氣候。小琴(qin)絲竹(zhu)具有較強的抗旱能(neng)(neng)力和(he)耐寒性,在(zai)冬季-6℃左(zuo)右的低溫(wen)條件下能(neng)(neng)安全越冬。
灌木或(huo)(huo)喬(qiao)木狀(zhuang)竹類,地(di)下莖合軸型(xing)。竿叢(cong)生(sheng),竿高(gao)4-7米(mi),直(zhi)徑1.5-2.5厘(li)米(mi),尾梢近直(zhi)或(huo)(huo)略彎(wan),下部挺直(zhi),綠(lv)色(se);竿和分(fen)枝的(de)節間(jian)黃色(se),具(ju)(ju)不(bu)(bu)同寬(kuan)度(du)的(de)綠(lv)色(se)縱條紋(wen),竿籜(tuo)(tuo)新(xin)鮮(xian)時綠(lv)色(se),具(ju)(ju)黃白色(se)縱條紋(wen)。節間(jian)長(chang)(chang)30-50厘(li)米(mi),竿壁稍(shao)薄;節處稍(shao)隆(long)起,無(wu)毛(mao);分(fen)枝自竿基(ji)部第(di)二或(huo)(huo)第(di)三(san)節即(ji)開始,數枝乃至(zhi)多枝簇生(sheng),主枝稍(shao)較粗(cu)長(chang)(chang)。籜(tuo)(tuo)鞘(qiao)呈(cheng)梯形(xing)(xing),背面(mian)(mian)無(wu)毛(mao),先(xian)(xian)端(duan)稍(shao)向(xiang)外緣(yuan)(yuan)一側傾斜(xie),呈(cheng)不(bu)(bu)對稱的(de)拱形(xing)(xing);籜(tuo)(tuo)耳極微小以至(zhi)不(bu)(bu)明顯,邊緣(yuan)(yuan)有(you)少許繸毛(mao);籜(tuo)(tuo)舌(she)(she)高(gao)1-1.5毫(hao)米(mi),邊緣(yuan)(yuan)呈(cheng)不(bu)(bu)規則(ze)的(de)短齒(chi)裂;籜(tuo)(tuo)片(pian)(pian)直(zhi)立,易脫落(luo),狹三(san)角(jiao)形(xing)(xing),背面(mian)(mian)散生(sheng)暗棕色(se)脫落(luo)性小刺毛(mao),腹面(mian)(mian)粗(cu)糙,先(xian)(xian)端(duan)漸尖(jian)(jian),基(ji)部寬(kuan)度(du)約與籜(tuo)(tuo)鞘(qiao)先(xian)(xian)端(duan)近相等(deng)。末級小枝具(ju)(ju)5-12葉;葉鞘(qiao)無(wu)毛(mao),縱肋稍(shao)隆(long)起,背部具(ju)(ju)脊;葉耳腎形(xing)(xing),邊緣(yuan)(yuan)具(ju)(ju)波曲狀(zhuang)細長(chang)(chang)繸毛(mao);葉舌(she)(she)圓拱形(xing)(xing),高(gao)0.5毫(hao)米(mi),邊緣(yuan)(yuan)微齒(chi)裂;葉片(pian)(pian)線形(xing)(xing),長(chang)(chang)5-16厘(li)米(mi),寬(kuan)7-16毫(hao)米(mi),上表面(mian)(mian)無(wu)毛(mao),下表面(mian)(mian)粉綠(lv)而密被短柔毛(mao),先(xian)(xian)端(duan)漸尖(jian)(jian)具(ju)(ju)粗(cu)糙細尖(jian)(jian)頭,基(ji)部近圓形(xing)(xing)或(huo)(huo)寬(kuan)楔形(xing)(xing)。
假小穗單(dan)生或(huo)以數(shu)枝簇生于花(hua)枝各節(jie),并在基(ji)(ji)部(bu)托有鞘狀苞片,線形(xing)(xing)至(zhi)線狀披(pi)針(zhen)形(xing)(xing),長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)3-6厘米(mi)(mi);先(xian)出(chu)(chu)葉長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)3.5毫(hao)(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi),具(ju)2脊(ji),脊(ji)上被短纖毛(mao)(mao)(mao);具(ju)芽苞片通常1或(huo)2片,卵(luan)(luan)形(xing)(xing)至(zhi)狹卵(luan)(luan)形(xing)(xing),長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)4-7.5毫(hao)(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi),無毛(mao)(mao)(mao),具(ju)9-13脈,先(xian)端(duan)(duan)(duan)鈍(dun)或(huo)急(ji)尖(jian);小穗含小花(hua)(3)5-13朵,中間(jian)(jian)小花(hua)為(wei)兩性;小穗軸(zhou)節(jie)間(jian)(jian)形(xing)(xing)扁,長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)4-4.5毫(hao)(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi),無毛(mao)(mao)(mao);穎(ying)不存在;外稃(fu)兩側稍不對稱(cheng),長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)圓狀披(pi)針(zhen)形(xing)(xing),長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)18毫(hao)(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi),無毛(mao)(mao)(mao),具(ju)19-21脈,先(xian)端(duan)(duan)(duan)急(ji)尖(jian);內稃(fu)線形(xing)(xing),長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)14-16毫(hao)(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi),具(ju)2脊(ji),脊(ji)上被短纖毛(mao)(mao)(mao),脊(ji)間(jian)(jian)6脈,脊(ji)外有一(yi)邊具(ju)4脈,另(ling)一(yi)邊具(ju)3脈,先(xian)端(duan)(duan)(duan)兩側各伸(shen)出(chu)(chu)1被毛(mao)(mao)(mao)的細長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)尖(jian)頭(tou),頂(ding)端(duan)(duan)(duan)近截平而(er)邊緣(yuan)被短纖毛(mao)(mao)(mao);鱗被中兩側的2片呈半卵(luan)(luan)形(xing)(xing),長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)2.5-3毫(hao)(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi),后方的1片細長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)披(pi)針(zhen)形(xing)(xing),長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)3-5毫(hao)(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi),邊緣(yuan)無毛(mao)(mao)(mao);花(hua)絲長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)8-10毫(hao)(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi),花(hua)藥紫色,長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)6毫(hao)(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi),先(xian)端(duan)(duan)(duan)具(ju)一(yi)簇白色畫筆狀毛(mao)(mao)(mao);子(zi)房(fang)卵(luan)(luan)球形(xing)(xing),長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)約(yue)1毫(hao)(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi),頂(ding)端(duan)(duan)(duan)增(zeng)粗而(er)被短硬毛(mao)(mao)(mao),基(ji)(ji)部(bu)具(ju)一(yi)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)約(yue)1毫(hao)(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi)的子(zi)房(fang)柄,柱頭(tou)3或(huo)其數(shu)目有變化(hua),直(zhi)接(jie)從子(zi)房(fang)頂(ding)端(duan)(duan)(duan)伸(shen)出(chu)(chu),長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)5毫(hao)(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi),羽毛(mao)(mao)(mao)狀。成熟穎(ying)果未見(jian)。
水(shui)分(fen)(fen):盆(pen)栽竹(zhu)管理中水(shui)分(fen)(fen)管理很(hen)重要(yao)(yao)。竹(zhu)子(zi)喜濕潤,怕積水(shui)。裝盆(pen)后第一(yi)(yi)次水(shui)要(yao)(yao)澆透(tou),以(yi)后保(bao)持盆(pen)土濕潤,“干透(tou)澆透(tou)”,不可澆水(shui)過多(duo),否則易(yi)爛鞭(bian)爛根。從裝盆(pen)至成活階段還要(yao)(yao)經常向葉(xie)片噴水(shui)。如果(guo)盆(pen)土缺(que)水(shui),竹(zhu)葉(xie)會卷曲,此時(shi),應及(ji)時(shi)澆水(shui),則竹(zhu)葉(xie)又會展開。夏天(tian)(tian)平(ping)均1天(tian)(tian)至2天(tian)(tian)要(yao)(yao)澆水(shui)一(yi)(yi)次,冬天(tian)(tian)澆水(shui)少,但(dan)要(yao)(yao)保(bao)證盆(pen)土濕潤,以(yi)防“干凍”。
肥(fei)(fei)料:盆(pen)(pen)(pen)栽竹(zhu)肥(fei)(fei)料主(zhu)要(yao)以(yi)裝(zhuang)盆(pen)(pen)(pen)時(shi)拌入盆(pen)(pen)(pen)土中的有機肥(fei)(fei)為主(zhu),竹(zhu)子(zi)成(cheng)活后適當追(zhui)肥(fei)(fei),薄肥(fei)(fei)勤施,在春夏可水施復合肥(fei)(fei)。
其他:盛夏高溫(wen)季(ji)節,應把盆栽(zai)(zai)竹移至(zhi)陰(yin)涼處,避免烈日暴(bao)曬,大(da)(da)棚要覆蓋(gai)遮(zhe)陰(yin)網,還需經常向葉片(pian)噴水,保持竹子(zi)葉色(se)翠綠。到嚴(yan)寒冬季(ji),須將盆栽(zai)(zai)竹移至(zhi)背風(feng)向陽(yang)處或室內,大(da)(da)棚用塑(su)料薄膜覆蓋(gai)保溫(wen)。
從(cong)竹(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)子(zi)(zi)(zi)苗圃地中,將分枝低矮、竹(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)葉茂盛(sheng)、株形美觀的觀賞竹(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)子(zi)(zi)(zi),2株至3株一叢挖取(qu),挖時注意要(yao)多帶宿土,保證鞭(bian)芽及鞭(bian)根完整,竹(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)子(zi)(zi)(zi)挖起后立即運到陰涼處,對(dui)葉面噴水(shui)(shui)。挖、運竹(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)子(zi)(zi)(zi)時注意不要(yao)搖晃竹(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)稈,以免(mian)造成損傷。如果竹(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)子(zi)(zi)(zi)太高,則應剪除梢頭,竹(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)葉太多,可摘除部分葉片。裝盆(pen)(pen)(pen)時先將盆(pen)(pen)(pen)放(fang)平,盆(pen)(pen)(pen)底墊(dian)一層透(tou)氣材(cai)料如碎石片、煤(mei)渣,再填(tian)入一層盆(pen)(pen)(pen)土,把竹(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)子(zi)(zi)(zi)放(fang)入盆(pen)(pen)(pen)內(nei),最后再填(tian)土,邊填(tian)土邊用木(mu)棒在盆(pen)(pen)(pen)四周將土捶實。裝好(hao)盆(pen)(pen)(pen)后,立即澆透(tou)水(shui)(shui),直至有水(shui)(shui)從(cong)盆(pen)(pen)(pen)底流出。
盆(pen)栽竹(zhu)子蟲(chong)害主(zhu)要有竹(zhu)蚜(ya)蟲(chong)、竹(zhu)介(jie)殼蟲(chong)等,可用(yong)殺蟲(chong)劑噴灑。病害主(zhu)要有煤污病、叢(cong)枝病等,應加強管理,及(ji)時修剪(jian)病株。
小(xiao)琴(qin)(qin)絲(si)(si)竹(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)特性和(he)具體環(huan)境(jing)需(xu)求而言,在園(yuan)(yuan)林配(pei)置中,可(ke)以(yi)竹(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)叢為(wei)(wei)主要配(pei)置方式(shi)(shi),以(yi)片植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)或(huo)是群植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)形(xing)式(shi)(shi)營造(zao)獨立的(de)(de)(de)(de)竹(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)林景(jing)(jing)觀(guan)(guan)(guan),集中體現(xian)竹(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)子的(de)(de)(de)(de)品和(he)味;小(xiao)琴(qin)(qin)絲(si)(si)竹(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)纖秀(xiu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)形(xing)象也(ye)(ye)可(ke)以(yi)與(yu)亭(ting)、堂、樓、閣及(ji)其(qi)他(ta)具有堅硬性線(xian)條(tiao)(tiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)配(pei)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),襯托出(chu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)物(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)剛健之(zhi)(zhi)美,也(ye)(ye)展現(xian)了小(xiao)琴(qin)(qin)絲(si)(si)竹(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)柔美之(zhi)(zhi)處,二(er)者的(de)(de)(de)(de)完美組合(he)營造(zao)出(chu)來的(de)(de)(de)(de)景(jing)(jing)觀(guan)(guan)(guan)效(xiao)果能(neng)柔化(hua)硬質(zhi)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)物(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)感,還可(ke)以(yi)為(wei)(wei)家居房屋帶來不可(ke)言喻的(de)(de)(de)(de)妙境(jing)。利用(yong)(yong)小(xiao)琴(qin)(qin)絲(si)(si)竹(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)形(xing)體特征可(ke)以(yi)實現(xian)造(zao)景(jing)(jing)、障景(jing)(jing)、填景(jing)(jing)等(deng)園(yuan)(yuan)林效(xiao)果,用(yong)(yong)以(yi)拓寬庭園(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)視覺空間,創(chuang)造(zao)典雅(ya)大氣(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)環(huan)境(jing),也(ye)(ye)可(ke)以(yi)與(yu)山石、水體及(ji)其(qi)他(ta)的(de)(de)(de)(de)造(zao)景(jing)(jing)材(cai)料搭(da)配(pei)組合(he),如與(yu)觀(guan)(guan)(guan)花、觀(guan)(guan)(guan)葉、觀(guan)(guan)(guan)果等(deng)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)混(hun)栽(zai)、列植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),形(xing)成清(qing)新(xin)唯美的(de)(de)(de)(de)園(yuan)(yuan)林景(jing)(jing)致。此外,經過特殊的(de)(de)(de)(de)矮化(hua)處理(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)小(xiao)琴(qin)(qin)絲(si)(si)竹(zhu)(zhu)(zhu),還可(ke)以(yi)作地被植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)觀(guan)(guan)(guan)賞。為(wei)(wei)了軟化(hua)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)線(xian)條(tiao)(tiao),使建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)物(wu)和(he)周圍的(de)(de)(de)(de)景(jing)(jing)觀(guan)(guan)(guan)能(neng)較好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)銜(xian)接(jie),在宅院角隅,配(pei)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)小(xiao)琴(qin)(qin)絲(si)(si)竹(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)等(deng),不僅能(neng)形(xing)成層次豐(feng)富、造(zao)型活撥的(de)(de)(de)(de)清(qing)秀(xiu)景(jing)(jing)色,而且對建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)構圖(tu)中的(de)(de)(de)(de)某(mou)些缺陷(xian)也(ye)(ye)起(qi)到裝飾、隱(yin)蔽(bi)作用(yong)(yong),使環(huan)境(jing)變得(de)更(geng)為(wei)(wei)優雅(ya)和(he)清(qing)麗。在居室、書房的(de)(de)(de)(de)窗前(qian),配(pei)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)數竿小(xiao)琴(qin)(qin)絲(si)(si)竹(zhu)(zhu)(zhu),能(neng)形(xing)成一個活的(de)(de)(de)(de)疏漏屏障。小(xiao)琴(qin)(qin)絲(si)(si)竹(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)與(yu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)配(pei)置,既充分展示了本身的(de)(de)(de)(de)姆娟挺秀(xiu)、意態瀟(xiao)灑,又(you)陪襯出(chu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)秀(xiu)麗,帶來清(qing)韻忽現(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)意境(jing),雖足不出(chu)戶,卻已享自(zi)然(ran)。