以(yi)蓮花(hua)或(huo)蓮瓣作為(wei)(wei)器(qi)物(wu)之(zhi)紋飾(shi)及造(zao)型(xing),隨佛(fo)教之(zhi)傳入而(er)盛(sheng)行(xing),爾后(hou)更取其(qi)出泥不染之(zhi)習(xi)性,寓(yu)意廉(lian)潔(jie),廣為(wei)(wei)各(ge)類器(qi)所采用。該器(qi)狀似未盛(sheng)開(kai)蓮花(hua),線條(tiao)溫柔婉約,高雅清(qing)麗。原器(qi)應與(yu)一執壺配套,為(wei)(wei)一溫酒用器(qi),晚唐(tang)至宋所常見(jian)。
汝(ru)(ru)窯曾(ceng)為宮中用(yong)器(qi)(qi),因(yin)采覆燒(shao)的(de)方式,故口有缺陷,因(yin)而有“宮中命(ming)汝(ru)(ru)州(zhou)燒(shao)造青瓷”之(zhi)舉,汝(ru)(ru)窯之(zhi)入選,支燒(shao)滿釉(you)應是原(yuan)因(yin)之(zhi)一(yi)。支燒(shao)另一(yi)用(yong)處為防止器(qi)(qi)底塌陷,汝(ru)(ru)窯所(suo)用(yong)支釘細(xi)小,所(suo)留(liu)釘痕狀(zhuang)似芝(zhi)麻,器(qi)(qi)底五支釘痕即是,也就是俗稱的(de)“芝(zhi)麻釘”。釉(you)面細(xi)碎紋路,更有“蟹爪痕”之(zhi)美名。 蓮花溫碗,以其典(dian)雅造型,溫柔不透明釉(you)色,在傳世不多(duo)之(zhi)汝(ru)(ru)窯器(qi)(qi)中,更顯珍貴。
汝(ru)(ru)(ru)窯(yao)(yao)(yao)是宋(song)(song)代(dai)“五大(da)名窯(yao)(yao)(yao)”之一,為(wei)(wei)冠絕古今(jin)之中(zhong)國瓷(ci)器(qi)名窯(yao)(yao)(yao)。窯(yao)(yao)(yao)址在(zai)今(jin)河(he)南省寶豐縣(xian)清涼(liang)寺(si)及汝(ru)(ru)(ru)州(zhou)文廟張(zhang)公巷附近,宋(song)(song)時屬汝(ru)(ru)(ru)州(zhou),故名。汝(ru)(ru)(ru)窯(yao)(yao)(yao)以燒(shao)(shao)制(zhi)青(qing)(qing)釉瓷(ci)器(qi)著稱(cheng),宋(song)(song)人葉寘在(zai)《坦齋筆衡》中(zhong)記載:“本朝以定州(zhou)白瓷(ci)器(qi)有(you)芒不堪用,遂命汝(ru)(ru)(ru)州(zhou)造青(qing)(qing)窯(yao)(yao)(yao)器(qi),故河(he)北唐、鄧(deng)、耀州(zhou)悉有(you)之,汝(ru)(ru)(ru)州(zhou)為(wei)(wei)魁。”可見(jian)汝(ru)(ru)(ru)窯(yao)(yao)(yao)是繼定窯(yao)(yao)(yao)之后(hou)為(wei)(wei)宮廷(ting)燒(shao)(shao)制(zhi)貢(gong)瓷(ci)的(de)窯(yao)(yao)(yao)場。其器(qi)物多(duo)仿青(qing)(qing)銅器(qi)及玉器(qi)造型,主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)有(you)出(chu)戟(ji)尊、玉壺春瓶、膽式(shi)瓶、樽(zun)、洗(xi)。胎體細潔如香灰色,多(duo)為(wei)(wei)裹(guo)足支(zhi)燒(shao)(shao),器(qi)物底部留有(you)細小的(de)支(zhi)釘痕跡。釉色主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)有(you)天(tian)青(qing)(qing)、天(tian)藍、淡(dan)粉、粉青(qing)(qing)、月白等,釉層薄(bo)而(er)瑩潤,釉泡大(da)而(er)稀疏,有(you)“寥若晨星”之稱(cheng)。釉面有(you)細小的(de)紋(wen)片,稱(cheng)為(wei)(wei)“蟹爪紋(wen)”。汝(ru)(ru)(ru)窯(yao)(yao)(yao)燒(shao)(shao)宮廷(ting)用瓷(ci)的(de)時間僅20年左右,約在(zai)北宋(song)(song)哲宗(zong)元祐元年(1086年)到徽宗(zong)崇寧(ning)五年(1106年),故傳世(shi)品極(ji)少,被人們視為(wei)(wei)稀世(shi)之珍。