緋紅蒲公英(學名:Taraxacum pseudoroseum Schischk.)是(shi)菊(ju)科蒲公英屬植物(wu),葉倒(dao)披針形,長(chang)4-15厘米(mi),寬8-25毫(hao)米(mi),羽狀淺裂(lie)至羽狀深裂(lie),生長(chang)于海拔2500-3300米(mi)高山、亞高山草甸及森林草甸,分布在新疆烏魯木齊、阜康、沙灣、奇(qi)臺、阿勒(le)泰、伊寧(ning)、尼勒(le)克(ke)。
多(duo)年生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)葶(ting)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)草本,具(ju)白(bai)色(se)(se)乳液。莖(jing)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)葶(ting)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang),1至數個,直立、中空,上部(bu)(bu)被蛛絲狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)柔毛(mao)(mao)(mao)或(huo)無(wu)毛(mao)(mao)(mao)。葉基生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),密(mi)集成蓮座狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang),匙形(xing)(xing)、倒(dao)披(pi)針形(xing)(xing)或(huo)披(pi)針形(xing)(xing),羽(yu)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)深裂(lie)或(huo)淺裂(lie),裂(lie)片多(duo)倒(dao)向或(huo)平展,具(ju)波狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)齒,稀(xi)全(quan)緣(yuan),具(ju)柄或(huo)無(wu)柄。頭(tou)(tou)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)序(xu)單(dan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)葶(ting)頂端(duan);總苞鐘狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)或(huo)窄鐘狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang),總苞片數層(ceng)(ceng),有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)時先(xian)(xian)端(duan)背部(bu)(bu)增厚或(huo)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)小角(jiao),外(wai)層(ceng)(ceng)短于內層(ceng)(ceng),通常(chang)(chang)稍寬,常(chang)(chang)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)淺色(se)(se)邊緣(yuan),線(xian)(xian)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)披(pi)針形(xing)(xing)或(huo)卵(luan)形(xing)(xing),伏貼或(huo)反卷(juan),內層(ceng)(ceng)多(duo)少(shao)(shao)呈線(xian)(xian)形(xing)(xing),直立;花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)序(xu)托多(duo)少(shao)(shao)平,有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)小窩(wo)孔,無(wu)毛(mao)(mao)(mao),稀(xi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)毛(mao)(mao)(mao);全(quan)為(wei)舌狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua),兩性(xing)、結(jie)實;頭(tou)(tou)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)序(xu)通常(chang)(chang)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)數十朵(duo),有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)時100余朵(duo),舌片黃色(se)(se),稀(xi)白(bai)、紅或(huo)紫紅色(se)(se),先(xian)(xian)端(duan)截平,具(ju)5齒,邊緣(yuan)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)舌片背面常(chang)(chang)具(ju)暗色(se)(se)條紋:雄蕊5,花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)藥聚合(he),筒(tong)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang),基部(bu)(bu)具(ju)尾,戟形(xing)(xing),先(xian)(xian)端(duan)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)三角(jiao)形(xing)(xing)附屬物,花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)絲離生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),著生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)冠筒(tong)上;花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)柱細(xi)長,伸出聚藥雄蕊外(wai),柱頭(tou)(tou)2裂(lie),裂(lie)瓣(ban)線(xian)(xian)形(xing)(xing)。瘦果紡錘形(xing)(xing)或(huo)倒(dao)錐形(xing)(xing),有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)縱溝,上部(bu)(bu)或(huo)幾全(quan)部(bu)(bu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)刺狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)或(huo)瘤狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)突起(qi),稀(xi)光滑(hua),上端(duan)縊縮或(huo)漸收(shou)縮為(wei)圓柱形(xing)(xing)或(huo)圓錐形(xing)(xing)的喙(hui)(hui)基,喙(hui)(hui)細(xi)長,少(shao)(shao)粗短,稀(xi)無(wu)喙(hui)(hui);冠毛(mao)(mao)(mao)多(duo)層(ceng)(ceng),白(bai)色(se)(se)或(huo)淡色(se)(se),毛(mao)(mao)(mao)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang),易脫落。
約2000余種,主產北半球溫帶至亞熱(re)帶地區,少數產熱(re)帶南美洲。我(wo)國70種、1變種。
生于海拔2500-3300米高山、亞(ya)高山草甸及森林(lin)草甸。
產于新疆(烏(wu)魯木齊、阜(fu)康、沙灣、奇臺、阿勒泰、伊寧(ning)、尼勒克(ke))。哈薩克(ke)斯(si)坦及吉爾吉斯(si)斯(si)坦也有分布。
緋紅(hong)(hong)蒲公(gong)英(ying),多年(nian)生草本,植株(zhu)高10-20厘米(mi)。葉(xie)無毛,倒披針(zhen)形。花(hua)(hua)葶花(hua)(hua)時長于(yu)葉(xie),有(you)時帶紫紅(hong)(hong)色(se),無毛。舌狀花(hua)(hua)紫紅(hong)(hong)色(se)。瘦(shou)果淡黃(huang)褐(he)色(se)。產阿勒泰、奇臺、阜康、烏(wu)魯木齊(qi)、沙灣、伊寧、尼勒克等地。耐寒(han)植物。
多年生草本。根頸部(bu)(bu)無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)殘存葉基(ji)(ji)。葉倒(dao)披針(zhen)形(xing),長(chang)(chang)(chang)4-15厘(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),寬(kuan)(kuan)8-25毫米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),羽狀淺裂(lie)(lie)(lie)至(zhi)(zhi)羽狀深裂(lie)(lie)(lie),頂端(duan)裂(lie)(lie)(lie)片(pian)(pian)大,三(san)角(jiao)(jiao)形(xing)至(zhi)(zhi)長(chang)(chang)(chang)三(san)角(jiao)(jiao)形(xing),全緣,先(xian)(xian)端(duan)鈍,每側裂(lie)(lie)(lie)片(pian)(pian)2-4片(pian)(pian),裂(lie)(lie)(lie)片(pian)(pian)三(san)角(jiao)(jiao)形(xing),平展或倒(dao)向,先(xian)(xian)端(duan)急(ji)尖(jian),全緣,裂(lie)(lie)(lie)片(pian)(pian)間無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)齒、亦無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)小(xiao)裂(lie)(lie)(lie)片(pian)(pian),葉基(ji)(ji)常顯紫紅(hong)色,兩面(mian)無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)毛。花(hua)葶2-5,較粗壯,高10-20厘(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),有時帶紫紅(hong)色,無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)毛;頭狀花(hua)序直徑25-30毫米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi);總(zong)苞(bao)寬(kuan)(kuan)鐘狀,長(chang)(chang)(chang)14-20毫米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),總(zong)苞(bao)片(pian)(pian)先(xian)(xian)端(duan)漸尖(jian)、無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)角(jiao)(jiao);外(wai)層總(zong)苞(bao)片(pian)(pian)淡綠色,卵狀披針(zhen)形(xing)至(zhi)(zhi)披針(zhen)形(xing),長(chang)(chang)(chang)6-8毫米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),寬(kuan)(kuan)2-4毫米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),花(hua)時反(fan)卷,具(ju)極(ji)窄的(de)(de)膜質邊緣,等寬(kuan)(kuan)或寬(kuan)(kuan)于內(nei)層總(zong)苞(bao)片(pian)(pian);內(nei)層總(zong)苞(bao)片(pian)(pian)綠色,長(chang)(chang)(chang)為外(wai)層總(zong)苞(bao)片(pian)(pian)的(de)(de)2倍;舌狀花(hua)紫紅(hong)色,喉部(bu)(bu)及舌片(pian)(pian)下部(bu)(bu)的(de)(de)背面(mian)有少量短(duan)毛,舌片(pian)(pian)長(chang)(chang)(chang)8-13毫米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),寬(kuan)(kuan)1-1.5毫米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),基(ji)(ji)部(bu)(bu)筒(tong)長(chang)(chang)(chang)2.5-4毫米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),柱頭黃(huang)褐色。瘦果(guo)淡黃(huang)褐色,長(chang)(chang)(chang)約(yue)3-3.5毫米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),中部(bu)(bu)以上(shang)被小(xiao)刺,以下具(ju)少量小(xiao)瘤(liu)(liu)狀突起或無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)瘤(liu)(liu),喙基(ji)(ji)長(chang)(chang)(chang)約(yue)0.5毫米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),喙長(chang)(chang)(chang)6-8毫米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi);冠毛白色,長(chang)(chang)(chang)6-7毫米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。