緋(fei)紅蒲公英(ying)(學名:Taraxacum pseudoroseum Schischk.)是菊科蒲公英(ying)屬植物(wu),葉倒披針(zhen)形(xing),長4-15厘米,寬8-25毫(hao)米,羽狀淺裂(lie)(lie)至羽狀深裂(lie)(lie),生(sheng)長于海拔2500-3300米高(gao)山(shan)、亞高(gao)山(shan)草(cao)甸及森(sen)林草(cao)甸,分布在新疆烏魯(lu)木齊、阜康、沙灣、奇臺、阿勒泰(tai)、伊寧、尼勒克。
多年(nian)生葶狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)草本(ben),具(ju)白(bai)(bai)色(se)乳液(ye)。莖花(hua)(hua)葶狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang),1至(zhi)數個,直立(li)、中空,上(shang)部(bu)被蛛(zhu)絲(si)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)柔毛(mao)(mao)(mao)或(huo)(huo)(huo)無(wu)(wu)毛(mao)(mao)(mao)。葉基生,密集成蓮座狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang),匙形(xing)、倒(dao)披針(zhen)(zhen)形(xing)或(huo)(huo)(huo)披針(zhen)(zhen)形(xing),羽狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)深裂或(huo)(huo)(huo)淺裂,裂片多倒(dao)向或(huo)(huo)(huo)平(ping)展,具(ju)波狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)齒(chi),稀全緣,具(ju)柄(bing)或(huo)(huo)(huo)無(wu)(wu)柄(bing)。頭狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)花(hua)(hua)序單生花(hua)(hua)葶頂(ding)端;總(zong)苞(bao)鐘(zhong)(zhong)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)或(huo)(huo)(huo)窄(zhai)鐘(zhong)(zhong)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang),總(zong)苞(bao)片數層(ceng)(ceng),有(you)時先端背部(bu)增厚或(huo)(huo)(huo)有(you)小角(jiao),外(wai)層(ceng)(ceng)短(duan)于(yu)內層(ceng)(ceng),通常(chang)稍寬,常(chang)有(you)淺色(se)邊(bian)緣,線狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)披針(zhen)(zhen)形(xing)或(huo)(huo)(huo)卵(luan)形(xing),伏貼或(huo)(huo)(huo)反卷,內層(ceng)(ceng)多少(shao)呈線形(xing),直立(li);花(hua)(hua)序托多少(shao)平(ping),有(you)小窩孔,無(wu)(wu)毛(mao)(mao)(mao),稀有(you)毛(mao)(mao)(mao);全為(wei)舌(she)(she)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)花(hua)(hua),兩性、結實;頭狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)花(hua)(hua)序通常(chang)有(you)花(hua)(hua)數十朵,有(you)時100余朵,舌(she)(she)片黃(huang)色(se),稀白(bai)(bai)、紅(hong)或(huo)(huo)(huo)紫紅(hong)色(se),先端截平(ping),具(ju)5齒(chi),邊(bian)緣花(hua)(hua)舌(she)(she)片背面常(chang)具(ju)暗色(se)條紋:雄蕊(rui)5,花(hua)(hua)藥聚合,筒(tong)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang),基部(bu)具(ju)尾,戟形(xing),先端有(you)三角(jiao)形(xing)附屬(shu)物(wu),花(hua)(hua)絲(si)離生,著生花(hua)(hua)冠(guan)筒(tong)上(shang);花(hua)(hua)柱(zhu)細長(chang),伸出聚藥雄蕊(rui)外(wai),柱(zhu)頭2裂,裂瓣(ban)線形(xing)。瘦(shou)果紡錘形(xing)或(huo)(huo)(huo)倒(dao)錐形(xing),有(you)縱溝,上(shang)部(bu)或(huo)(huo)(huo)幾全部(bu)有(you)刺狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)或(huo)(huo)(huo)瘤狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)突起,稀光滑,上(shang)端縊縮或(huo)(huo)(huo)漸收縮為(wei)圓(yuan)柱(zhu)形(xing)或(huo)(huo)(huo)圓(yuan)錐形(xing)的喙(hui)基,喙(hui)細長(chang),少(shao)粗短(duan),稀無(wu)(wu)喙(hui);冠(guan)毛(mao)(mao)(mao)多層(ceng)(ceng),白(bai)(bai)色(se)或(huo)(huo)(huo)淡色(se),毛(mao)(mao)(mao)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang),易脫落(luo)。
約2000余種(zhong),主產北半球溫帶(dai)至亞熱帶(dai)地區(qu),少數產熱帶(dai)南(nan)美洲。我國70種(zhong)、1變種(zhong)。
生于海(hai)拔(ba)2500-3300米高山、亞高山草(cao)甸(dian)及森(sen)林草(cao)甸(dian)。
產于(yu)新疆(烏(wu)魯木(mu)齊、阜康、沙灣(wan)、奇(qi)臺、阿勒泰、伊(yi)寧、尼勒克)。哈薩克斯坦(tan)及(ji)吉爾(er)吉斯斯坦(tan)也有分布。
緋紅蒲公英,多年生草本,植(zhi)株高10-20厘(li)米(mi)。葉無毛(mao),倒披針形。花(hua)(hua)葶花(hua)(hua)時長于(yu)葉,有時帶紫紅色(se)(se),無毛(mao)。舌狀花(hua)(hua)紫紅色(se)(se)。瘦果淡(dan)黃褐色(se)(se)。產阿勒泰、奇臺(tai)、阜(fu)康(kang)、烏魯木(mu)齊(qi)、沙灣(wan)、伊寧、尼勒克(ke)等地(di)。耐寒植(zhi)物(wu)。
多年生草(cao)本。根頸部(bu)無(wu)(wu)(wu)殘(can)存葉基(ji)(ji)。葉倒(dao)披針形(xing)(xing),長(chang)(chang)(chang)4-15厘米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),寬(kuan)8-25毫(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),羽狀(zhuang)(zhuang)淺裂至(zhi)羽狀(zhuang)(zhuang)深裂,頂(ding)端(duan)裂片(pian)(pian)(pian)大(da),三角(jiao)形(xing)(xing)至(zhi)長(chang)(chang)(chang)三角(jiao)形(xing)(xing),全緣,先端(duan)鈍,每(mei)側(ce)裂片(pian)(pian)(pian)2-4片(pian)(pian)(pian),裂片(pian)(pian)(pian)三角(jiao)形(xing)(xing),平展或(huo)倒(dao)向,先端(duan)急尖,全緣,裂片(pian)(pian)(pian)間無(wu)(wu)(wu)齒、亦(yi)無(wu)(wu)(wu)小(xiao)裂片(pian)(pian)(pian),葉基(ji)(ji)常(chang)顯(xian)紫紅(hong)色(se)(se)(se),兩面(mian)無(wu)(wu)(wu)毛(mao)(mao)。花葶2-5,較粗壯(zhuang),高10-20厘米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),有時(shi)帶(dai)紫紅(hong)色(se)(se)(se),無(wu)(wu)(wu)毛(mao)(mao);頭狀(zhuang)(zhuang)花序直(zhi)徑25-30毫(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi);總(zong)(zong)苞(bao)寬(kuan)鐘狀(zhuang)(zhuang),長(chang)(chang)(chang)14-20毫(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),總(zong)(zong)苞(bao)片(pian)(pian)(pian)先端(duan)漸尖、無(wu)(wu)(wu)角(jiao);外層總(zong)(zong)苞(bao)片(pian)(pian)(pian)淡綠色(se)(se)(se),卵狀(zhuang)(zhuang)披針形(xing)(xing)至(zhi)披針形(xing)(xing),長(chang)(chang)(chang)6-8毫(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),寬(kuan)2-4毫(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),花時(shi)反卷(juan),具(ju)極窄的膜(mo)質邊(bian)緣,等寬(kuan)或(huo)寬(kuan)于內層總(zong)(zong)苞(bao)片(pian)(pian)(pian);內層總(zong)(zong)苞(bao)片(pian)(pian)(pian)綠色(se)(se)(se),長(chang)(chang)(chang)為外層總(zong)(zong)苞(bao)片(pian)(pian)(pian)的2倍;舌狀(zhuang)(zhuang)花紫紅(hong)色(se)(se)(se),喉部(bu)及(ji)舌片(pian)(pian)(pian)下(xia)部(bu)的背(bei)面(mian)有少量短毛(mao)(mao),舌片(pian)(pian)(pian)長(chang)(chang)(chang)8-13毫(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),寬(kuan)1-1.5毫(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),基(ji)(ji)部(bu)筒(tong)長(chang)(chang)(chang)2.5-4毫(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),柱頭黃褐(he)色(se)(se)(se)。瘦果淡黃褐(he)色(se)(se)(se),長(chang)(chang)(chang)約3-3.5毫(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),中部(bu)以上被小(xiao)刺,以下(xia)具(ju)少量小(xiao)瘤狀(zhuang)(zhuang)突(tu)起或(huo)無(wu)(wu)(wu)瘤,喙(hui)基(ji)(ji)長(chang)(chang)(chang)約0.5毫(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),喙(hui)長(chang)(chang)(chang)6-8毫(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi);冠(guan)毛(mao)(mao)白(bai)色(se)(se)(se),長(chang)(chang)(chang)6-7毫(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。