奉天之戰,日俄戰爭期間,交(jiao)戰雙(shuang)方軍隊在中(zhong)國奉天(今(jin)沈陽)附近進行的(de)大規模決戰。
1905年1月2日日軍(jun)攻占(zhan)旅(lv)順(shun)口(kou)后,即著(zhu)手實施奉天(tian)會戰(zhan),企圖將(jiang)俄軍(jun)趕出(chu)中國東北,盡快(kuai)結束戰(zhan)爭。為(wei)此,日第(di)(di)(di)3集(ji)(ji)(ji)團(tuan)(tuan)軍(jun)所轄第(di)(di)(di)11師(shi)擴編為(wei)鴨綠江集(ji)(ji)(ji)團(tuan)(tuan)軍(jun)(司(si)(si)令(ling)為(wei)川(chuan)村景明上(shang)(shang)將(jiang)),轉進奉天(tian)東南(nan)(nan)賽馬集(ji)(ji)(ji);第(di)(di)(di)3集(ji)(ji)(ji)團(tuan)(tuan)軍(jun)(司(si)(si)令(ling)為(wei)乃木希典上(shang)(shang)將(jiang))則向奉天(tian)俄軍(jun)右翼實施深遠機動。至(zhi)2月中旬,日軍(jun)在沙河一線集(ji)(ji)(ji)結5個集(ji)(ji)(ji)團(tuan)(tuan)軍(jun)25萬人(ren)、火炮992門,完成進攻準備(bei)。俄軍(jun)集(ji)(ji)(ji)結3個集(ji)(ji)(ji)團(tuan)(tuan)軍(jun)約30萬人(ren)、火炮1494門,在奉天(tian)以南(nan)(nan)150千米正面上(shang)(shang)組織陣地防御。
2月22日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri),日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)軍(jun)(jun)開始發(fa)起攻(gong)(gong)擊,其右(you)(you)翼(yi)(yi)(yi)鴨(ya)綠(lv)江集(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)團(tuan)軍(jun)(jun)于24日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)首先攻(gong)(gong)下(xia)清河(he)(he)(he)城,并(bing)向撫(fu)順方(fang)向發(fa)動進(jin)(jin)攻(gong)(gong),迂(yu)(yu)回(hui)奉(feng)(feng)天(tian)(tian)(tian)俄(e)軍(jun)(jun)左翼(yi)(yi)(yi);左翼(yi)(yi)(yi)第(di)(di)(di)3集(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)團(tuan)軍(jun)(jun)迂(yu)(yu)回(hui)俄(e)軍(jun)(jun)右(you)(you)翼(yi)(yi)(yi),從遼陽西北渡(du)過渾河(he)(he)(he)向奉(feng)(feng)天(tian)(tian)(tian)西北方(fang)向出擊。俄(e)軍(jun)(jun)總司(si)(si)令(ling)A.N.庫(ku)羅帕(pa)特(te)(te)金(jin)上將(jiang)誤將(jiang)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)鴨(ya)綠(lv)江集(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)團(tuan)軍(jun)(jun)當作(zuo)主(zhu)力(li),于2月25日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)急調全部(bu)預備隊(dui)加(jia)強左翼(yi)(yi)(yi)。日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)第(di)(di)(di)1集(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)團(tuan)軍(jun)(jun)乘勢(shi)渡(du)過沙(sha)河(he)(he)(he)北上,對俄(e)第(di)(di)(di)1集(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)團(tuan)軍(jun)(jun)(司(si)(si)令(ling)為N.P.利(li)涅維奇(qi))實(shi)施迂(yu)(yu)回(hui)突擊,日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)第(di)(di)(di)2、第(di)(di)(di)4集(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)團(tuan)軍(jun)(jun)從正(zheng)面展(zhan)開。3月1日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri),日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)軍(jun)(jun)發(fa)起全線進(jin)(jin)攻(gong)(gong)。日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)第(di)(di)(di)1集(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)團(tuan)軍(jun)(jun)擴大包(bao)圍(wei)圈(quan),完成對俄(e)軍(jun)(jun)左翼(yi)(yi)(yi)的(de)包(bao)圍(wei);第(di)(di)(di)4集(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)團(tuan)軍(jun)(jun)進(jin)(jin)攻(gong)(gong)萬(wan)寶(bao)山;第(di)(di)(di)2集(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)團(tuan)軍(jun)(jun)進(jin)(jin)攻(gong)(gong)二臺子、長(chang)灘之間俄(e)軍(jun)(jun);第(di)(di)(di)3集(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)團(tuan)軍(jun)(jun)擔任主(zhu)攻(gong)(gong),攻(gong)(gong)擊俄(e)軍(jun)(jun)右(you)(you)翼(yi)(yi)(yi),占領(ling)新民屯后繞到俄(e)軍(jun)(jun)后方(fang),威(wei)脅奉(feng)(feng)天(tian)(tian)(tian)―鐵嶺鐵路。此時(shi),庫(ku)羅帕(pa)特(te)(te)金(jin)始發(fa)覺日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)軍(jun)(jun)正(zheng)以重兵(bing)迂(yu)(yu)回(hui)其右(you)(you)翼(yi)(yi)(yi),急將(jiang)部(bu)分預備隊(dui)從左翼(yi)(yi)(yi)調回(hui)右(you)(you)翼(yi)(yi)(yi),但為時(shi)已晚。7日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)晨,俄(e)軍(jun)(jun)右(you)(you)翼(yi)(yi)(yi)第(di)(di)(di)2集(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)團(tuan)軍(jun)(jun)(司(si)(si)令(ling)為A.V.考利(li)巴爾斯)被(bei)迫收縮并(bing)開始北撤(che)。9日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri),日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)軍(jun)(jun)鴨(ya)綠(lv)江集(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)團(tuan)軍(jun)(jun)占領(ling)撫(fu)順;第(di)(di)(di)1集(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)團(tuan)軍(jun)(jun)攻(gong)(gong)占舊站(zhan),與(yu)逼近奉(feng)(feng)天(tian)(tian)(tian)市區的(de)第(di)(di)(di)3集(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)團(tuan)軍(jun)(jun)形成包(bao)圍(wei)俄(e)軍(jun)(jun)于奉(feng)(feng)天(tian)(tian)(tian)城下(xia)之勢(shi)。庫(ku)羅帕(pa)特(te)(te)金(jin)發(fa)現即將(jiang)陷入重圍(wei),命令(ling)全軍(jun)(jun)北撤(che)。10日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri),日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)軍(jun)(jun)占領(ling)奉(feng)(feng)天(tian)(tian)(tian)。俄(e)軍(jun)(jun)在撤(che)退中陷入混亂,遺棄大批(pi)物資及(ji)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)俘。此戰(zhan)(zhan),俄(e)軍(jun)(jun)傷亡6.7萬(wan)人,被(bei)俘2.2萬(wan)人;日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)軍(jun)(jun)傷亡6萬(wan)余人。21~24日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri),俄(e)軍(jun)(jun)退守(shou)四平一線,直(zhi)至(zhi)戰(zhan)(zhan)爭結束。
此次(ci)戰(zhan)(zhan)役中,野戰(zhan)(zhan)工事得到廣泛運用(yong),陣地(di)攻防戰(zhan)(zhan)術有了進一(yi)步發(fa)展。