果(guo)(guo)(guo)實扁平形,果(guo)(guo)(guo)頂凹入,果(guo)(guo)(guo)皮(pi)底(di)色(se)乳黃(huang),果(guo)(guo)(guo)面著鮮艷(yan)紅暈,茸毛中等,皮(pi)易剝離(li),果(guo)(guo)(guo)肉乳白(bai)色(se),近核(he)處微(wei)紅,硬溶質,微(wei)香,風味甜,含(han)可溶性固形物11.2-13.6%。粘核(he),核(he)小,裂核(he)少(shao)。早露蟠桃成(cheng)(cheng)熟(shu)期(qi)是什(shen)么時候?3月(yue)底(di)4月(yue)初始花(hua),6月(yue)中旬成(cheng)(cheng)熟(shu)。
選地勢高爽的田塊(kuai),挖寬1米(mi)、深0.5-0.6米(mi)的條溝,條溝內撒(sa)入(ru)秸(jie)稈、雜草、樹(shu)枝等物,每畝不少于1000公(gong)斤,等生土凍酥后,填入(ru)溝內,再將熟土、過磷(lin)酸鈣(每畝150公(gong)斤)、有機肥(每畝2000公(gong)斤)拌勻填入(ru)溝內,灌(guan)水(shui)沉實。做馬背式(shi)壟,壟中(zhong)間比兩端高20厘(li)米(mi)左右。春節前后定植,行株距以5米(mi)×4米(mi)為好。
第(di)一、二(er)年(nian)(nian)(nian)萌(meng)芽時每(mei)(mei)(mei)株(zhu)(zhu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)尿素0.25公(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin),5-6月(yue)份每(mei)(mei)(mei)株(zhu)(zhu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)復合(he)肥(fei)(fei)0.25公(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin)、餅肥(fei)(fei)1-1.5公(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin)。每(mei)(mei)(mei)年(nian)(nian)(nian)9-10月(yue)從(cong)定植溝向外逐步(bu)深(shen)(shen)(shen)翻30-40厘(li)(li)米(mi),施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)入(ru)有(you)機肥(fei)(fei)、過磷酸(suan)鈣改良(liang)土(tu)壤,一般在第(di)三(san)年(nian)(nian)(nian)全園改良(liang)完(wan)成。第(di)三(san)年(nian)(nian)(nian)花(hua)期噴硼(peng)肥(fei)(fei)液(ye),5月(yue)中旬每(mei)(mei)(mei)株(zhu)(zhu)追(zhui)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)0.5公(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin)硫酸(suan)鉀(jia)(jia)(jia)復合(he)肥(fei)(fei),5月(yue)下(xia)旬每(mei)(mei)(mei)株(zhu)(zhu)追(zhui)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)0.5公(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin)硫酸(suan)鉀(jia)(jia)(jia)。第(di)四(si)年(nian)(nian)(nian)起每(mei)(mei)(mei)年(nian)(nian)(nian)桃樹萌(meng)芽時,根據樹勢適當追(zhui)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)氮肥(fei)(fei),花(hua)期繼續噴硼(peng)肥(fei)(fei),5月(yue)中旬每(mei)(mei)(mei)株(zhu)(zhu)追(zhui)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)1-1.5公(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin)硫酸(suan)鉀(jia)(jia)(jia)復合(he)肥(fei)(fei),5月(yue)下(xia)旬每(mei)(mei)(mei)株(zhu)(zhu)追(zhui)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)1公(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin)硫酸(suan)鉀(jia)(jia)(jia),9-10月(yue)采(cai)用全面撒施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)深(shen)(shen)(shen)翻,每(mei)(mei)(mei)畝施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)有(you)機肥(fei)(fei)1500公(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin)左右。常年(nian)(nian)(nian)保持(chi)四(si)周圍(wei)溝深(shen)(shen)(shen)在80厘(li)(li)米(mi)以上,田內溝深(shen)(shen)(shen)60厘(li)(li)米(mi),壟溝深(shen)(shen)(shen)40厘(li)(li)米(mi),防止田間(jian)積水。
樹形(xing)采用三主(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)自然(ran)開(kai)心形(xing),植后剪(jian)留50-60厘(li)(li)米(mi)定干,新(xin)梢長(chang)(chang)40厘(li)(li)米(mi)時,選3個生(sheng)長(chang)(chang)健壯、分(fen)布均勻,較開(kai)張的(de)(de)(de)新(xin)梢作(zuo)主(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。其余枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)條長(chang)(chang)40厘(li)(li)米(mi)時留25厘(li)(li)米(mi)重摘心促發(fa)二次枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),采用撐、拉的(de)(de)(de)方法調整(zheng)主(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)角(jiao)度(du)和(he)方向,使主(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)夾角(jiao)為(wei)120度(du),開(kai)張角(jiao)度(du)45度(du)左右(you)。夏剪(jian)及時疏(shu)去(qu)背上(shang)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),冬季(ji)剪(jian)去(qu)主(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)延長(chang)(chang)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)1/3-1/2。第二、三年(nian),在主(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)上(shang)每(mei)隔60厘(li)(li)米(mi)配備(bei)側枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),全樹共配備(bei)6-9個。重剪(jian)主(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),輕剪(jian)側枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),調節側枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)生(sheng)長(chang)(chang)勢,使開(kai)張角(jiao)度(du)在60-80度(du)。初果期(qi),冬季(ji)修剪(jian)以疏(shu)為(wei)主(zhu);進入盛果期(qi)后,加(jia)強結(jie)(jie)果枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)組(zu)的(de)(de)(de)培養,采用雙枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)更(geng)新(xin)或(huo)單枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)更(geng)新(xin)法復壯果枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),以控制結(jie)(jie)果部位外移。
3月份花(hua)芽(ya)膨大(da)后(hou),用竹片刮(gua)去枝背(bei)上(shang)的花(hua)芽(ya)。花(hua)后(hou)15天和(he)30天分兩次疏去黃萎果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)、小果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)、畸形果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)等,保留(liu)(liu)枝條中上(shang)部生長均勻(yun)的好果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)。樹(shu)冠外圍(wei)和(he)上(shang)部多留(liu)(liu),內膛和(he)下部少留(liu)(liu),盛(sheng)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)期樹(shu)每(mei)株(zhu)留(liu)(liu)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)400-500只。
芽萌動(dong)后(hou)展葉(xie)前(qian)噴1遍1:1:100倍(bei)等(deng)量式波爾多液。展葉(xie)后(hou)噴1遍吡蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)啉防(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)蚜(ya)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)。花后(hou)至采收前(qian)15天,每隔10天左右交替使用(yong)70%甲基(ji)托布(bu)津可濕性粉劑800倍(bei)液、硫酸(suan)鏈霉素4000倍(bei)液等(deng)防(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)細菌性穿孔病(bing)、炭疽病(bing)、褐腐病(bing)等(deng)病(bing)害;用(yong)菊酯類(lei)殺蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)劑、樂(le)斯本(ben)、吡蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)啉、噠螨靈防(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)食心蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)、蚜(ya)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)、蚧殼蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)、螨類(lei)等(deng)。及(ji)時清理桃園內的爛果、枯枝、落葉(xie)、雜草,降低病(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)基(ji)數,冬季修剪(jian)后(hou),周到細致地噴1次(ci)5波美度石硫合劑。
第二年7月下(xia)旬選晴天傍晚(wan)噴15%多(duo)效(xiao)唑300倍液,間隔(ge)20天左右再噴1次。第三年早春(chun)(chun)萌芽(ya)前后每(mei)株(zhu)使(shi)用多(duo)效(xiao)唑10克左右。第四年起(qi)每(mei)年在(zai)春(chun)(chun)梢長(chang)度不(bu)到20厘(li)米時根據(ju)樹勢噴15%多(duo)效(xiao)唑300-500倍液。
張家港市(shi)在(zai)1999年(nian)(nian)冬從北京(jing)引進該品種(zhong)種(zhong)苗2000株,經過6年(nian)(nian)的栽培試驗,該品種(zhong)表現為樹勢(shi)中(zhong)庸、樹姿開張、復花(hua)芽居多(duo),花(hua)粉(fen)量(liang)多(duo),極豐產。3年(nian)(nian)生樹平均畝產量(liang)可達750公(gong)斤,盛(sheng)產期畝產量(liang)可達2000公(gong)斤以(yi)上(shang),為確保(bao)果大質優(you),畝產量(liang)宜控制在(zai)1500公(gong)斤左右。平均單(dan)果重(zhong)120克,最(zui)大單(dan)果重(zhong)237克,2003-2005年(nian)(nian)市(shi)場(chang)批(pi)發價都在(zai)4-7元/公(gong)斤。而且(qie)無需套袋,管理省力,抗性(xing)強。