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主要任務

主(zhu)要任務(wu)是：運用(yong)各種(zhong)通信裝(zhuang)備和(he)(he)通信設施(shi)，保(bao)障軍(jun)隊指(zhi)揮和(he)(he)武器(qi)控制的(de)(de)通信聯絡，組織實施(shi)無線電(dian)通信對抗、航空(kong)兵(bing)導航和(he)(he)野戰(zhan)(zhan)軍(jun)郵等。通信兵(bing)對保(bao)障軍(jun)隊指(zhi)揮和(he)(he)完成各項任務(wu)具(ju)有(you)重(zhong)大作用(yong)。自有(you)戰(zhan)(zhan)爭起，就(jiu)有(you)傳遞(di)軍(jun)情的(de)(de)活動(dong)，并(bing)逐(zhu)漸有(you)了專門負(fu)責傳遞(di)軍(jun)事信息(xi)的(de)(de)人員(yuan)和(he)(he)機(ji)構。

發展

在中國(guo)，商朝已有(you)_（傳車）傳。西周，初期(qi)有(you)驛站(zhan)，后(hou)期(qi)出現了烽燧報警系統。春秋戰(zhan)國(guo)時期(qi)，有(you)的(de)諸侯(hou)國(guo)還把(ba)烽火臺(tai)改為邊亭。秦朝，繼承了烽郵共存的(de)體(ti)制(zhi)，中央由丞相(xiang)總(zong)管，地(di)方由郡(jun)守(shou)、縣令兼管。

西漢，沿襲秦的(de)郵(you)驛(yi)(yi)體制。東漢，郵(you)驛(yi)(yi)由(you)太尉(wei)府的(de)法曹主管。唐朝(chao)，郵(you)驛(yi)(yi)由(you)尚書省的(de)兵部管理，各(ge)府、州、縣由(you)兵曹參軍、司(si)兵參軍和司(si)兵分(fen)掌郵(you)驛(yi)(yi)；全國要道設(she)郵(you)驛(yi)(yi)，每驛(yi)(yi)設(she)驛(yi)(yi)長一人(ren)，驛(yi)(yi)夫數(shu)人(ren)；邊境設(she)烽(feng)火臺(tai)。北宋，建有一套健全的(de)遞(di)(di)鋪通信組織，分(fen)步遞(di)(di)、馬(ma)遞(di)(di)、急腳遞(di)(di)三種，驛(yi)(yi)卒由(you)廂兵擔任。

元朝(chao)，郵(you)驛由兵(bing)部(bu)和通(tong)(tong)政院管理；急遞鋪與(yu)驛站并行(xing)，是專司(si)傳送(song)官(guan)方文(wen)書的通(tong)(tong)信(xin)組(zu)織。

明朝，中央管(guan)理郵(you)驛的機關為(wei)兵部車駕清吏司和通(tong)政司；急遞(di)鋪(pu)沿襲元制，每鋪(pu)設鋪(pu)長一名，鋪(pu)兵數名。

清(qing)朝，郵驛(yi)由驛(yi)、站、塘、臺(tai)、所、鋪(pu)六(liu)種組織形式(shi)構成(cheng)，其中站、塘、臺(tai)由軍卒充(chong)役，以傳(chuan)遞軍情為首(shou)要任務(wu)。

隨著電(dian)(dian)信(xin)(xin)(xin)的發展(zhan)(zhan)，1905年(nian)(nian)(nian)新(xin)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)、海軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)分(fen)別在(zai)北(bei)京(jing)、天津、保(bao)定(ding)等行營(ying)(ying)及海圻、海容、海籌、海琛(chen)4艦建(jian)立無(wu)(wu)線電(dian)(dian)臺。1906年(nian)(nian)(nian)于天津小站舊(jiu)營(ying)(ying)開(kai)辦(ban)電(dian)(dian)信(xin)(xin)(xin)學(xue)隊(dui)，繼(ji)之在(zai)北(bei)洋常備(bei)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)中(zhong)編設電(dian)(dian)信(xin)(xin)(xin)隊(dui)。1926年(nian)(nian)(nian)，國(guo)(guo)民革命(ming)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)北(bei)伐時，獨立旅和(he)師以上部(bu)隊(dui)編有(you)無(wu)(wu)線電(dian)(dian)通(tong)(tong)(tong)信(xin)(xin)(xin)分(fen)隊(dui)。1927年(nian)(nian)(nian)，國(guo)(guo)民黨軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)隊(dui)在(zai)團以上部(bu)隊(dui)編有(you)通(tong)(tong)(tong)信(xin)(xin)(xin)隊(dui)。1928年(nian)(nian)(nian)，國(guo)(guo)民黨軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)隊(dui)成(cheng)(cheng)立交(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)(tong)(tong)兵(bing)(bing)團，其(qi)中(zhong)編有(you)通(tong)(tong)(tong)信(xin)(xin)(xin)隊(dui)。至1935年(nian)(nian)(nian)，通(tong)(tong)(tong)信(xin)(xin)(xin)兵(bing)(bing)成(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)兵(bing)(bing)種。中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)人民解放軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)通(tong)(tong)(tong)信(xin)(xin)(xin)兵(bing)(bing)是在(zai)革命(ming)戰爭(zheng)中(zhong)誕生(sheng)和(he)發展(zhan)(zhan)起(qi)來(lai)的。1927年(nian)(nian)(nian)8月1日，南昌(chang)起(qi)義部(bu)隊(dui)中(zhong)編有(you)通(tong)(tong)(tong)信(xin)(xin)(xin)分(fen)隊(dui)。1928年(nian)(nian)(nian)，中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)共產黨中(zhong)央(yang)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)事部(bu)設立交(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)(tong)(tong)科，開(kai)始培訓(xun)無(wu)(wu)線電(dian)(dian)通(tong)(tong)(tong)信(xin)(xin)(xin)人員，而后陸續派往各蘇區。1929年(nian)(nian)(nian)，中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)工(gong)(gong)農(nong)紅軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)第4軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)部(bu)及其(qi)下屬縱隊(dui)司令部(bu)設立交(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)(tong)(tong)大隊(dui)，擔(dan)負(fu)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)事交(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)(tong)(tong)和(he)通(tong)(tong)(tong)信(xin)(xin)(xin)任務。1931年(nian)(nian)(nian)1月，中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)工(gong)(gong)農(nong)紅軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)成(cheng)(cheng)立第一個無(wu)(wu)線電(dian)(dian)隊(dui)，繼(ji)而開(kai)辦(ban)第一期無(wu)(wu)線電(dian)(dian)訓(xun)練班，后來(lai)發展(zhan)(zhan)成(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)包(bao)括無(wu)(wu)線電(dian)(dian)通(tong)(tong)(tong)信(xin)(xin)(xin)、有(you)線電(dian)(dian)通(tong)(tong)(tong)信(xin)(xin)(xin)和(he)簡易信(xin)(xin)(xin)號通(tong)(tong)(tong)信(xin)(xin)(xin)等專業(ye)的紅軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)通(tong)(tong)(tong)信(xin)(xin)(xin)學(xue)校。

1934年1月，中華蘇維埃共(gong)和(he)國(guo)中央(yang)革命(ming)軍(jun)事委員會總參謀部成(cheng)立通(tong)(tong)信(xin)(xin)(xin)局，主管紅軍(jun)通(tong)(tong)信(xin)(xin)(xin)工作。紅一方(fang)面軍(jun)團以上部隊(dui)(dui)設(she)有(you)通(tong)(tong)信(xin)(xin)(xin)主任，紅軍(jun)第(di)(di)2、第(di)(di)6軍(jun)團設(she)有(you)通(tong)(tong)信(xin)(xin)(xin)科，紅四(si)(si)方(fang)面軍(jun)設(she)有(you)電(dian)(dian)務處。各方(fang)面軍(jun)都(dou)編有(you)無(wu)線(xian)(xian)電(dian)(dian)大隊(dui)(dui)或(huo)分隊(dui)(dui)（電(dian)(dian)臺）。抗日戰(zhan)爭時期，八路軍(jun)、新四(si)(si)軍(jun)的營以上部隊(dui)(dui)編有(you)運(yun)動通(tong)(tong)信(xin)(xin)(xin)和(he)簡易信(xin)(xin)(xin)號(hao)通(tong)(tong)信(xin)(xin)(xin)分隊(dui)(dui)，旅以上部隊(dui)(dui)和(he)部分團建立通(tong)(tong)信(xin)(xin)(xin)業務部門及有(you)線(xian)(xian)電(dian)(dian)、無(wu)線(xian)(xian)電(dian)(dian)通(tong)(tong)信(xin)(xin)(xin)分隊(dui)(dui)。解放戰(zhan)爭時期，軍(jun)區和(he)野戰(zhan)軍(jun)以下各級司令部分別設(she)立通(tong)(tong)信(xin)(xin)(xin)處（分局）、科、股(gu)，團以上部隊(dui)(dui)普遍(bian)建立有(you)線(xian)(xian)電(dian)(dian)、無(wu)線(xian)(xian)電(dian)(dian)通(tong)(tong)信(xin)(xin)(xin)分隊(dui)(dui)。

中(zhong)華人(ren)民共(gong)和(he)國(guo)成立(li)后(hou)(hou)(hou)，通(tong)(tong)信(xin)(xin)(xin)兵(bing)進入一個新的(de)(de)(de)發展階段，健全了各(ge)級(ji)領導機構，擴建(jian)了部(bu)(bu)(bu)隊。1950年5月(yue)(yue)，中(zhong)央人(ren)民政府人(ren)民革命軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)事(shi)委(wei)員(yuan)會設通(tong)(tong)信(xin)(xin)(xin)部(bu)(bu)(bu)，各(ge)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)區、軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)種(zhong)、兵(bing)種(zhong)司令(ling)部(bu)(bu)(bu)設通(tong)(tong)信(xin)(xin)(xin)處。同年10月(yue)(yue)，組建(jian)華北軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)區通(tong)(tong)信(xin)(xin)(xin)團。至1953年，各(ge)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)區和(he)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)委(wei)通(tong)(tong)信(xin)(xin)(xin)部(bu)(bu)(bu)先(xian)后(hou)(hou)(hou)組建(jian)通(tong)(tong)信(xin)(xin)(xin)團。1954年3月(yue)(yue)，統(tong)一了全軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)通(tong)(tong)信(xin)(xin)(xin)部(bu)(bu)(bu)隊的(de)(de)(de)編制(zhi)(zhi)。同時(shi)，擴建(jian)了通(tong)(tong)信(xin)(xin)(xin)院校(xiao)，設立(li)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)事(shi)通(tong)(tong)信(xin)(xin)(xin)科學研究、技術保障以及通(tong)(tong)信(xin)(xin)(xin)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)工生產管理機構等。1956年4月(yue)(yue)，通(tong)(tong)信(xin)(xin)(xin)部(bu)(bu)(bu)改為(wei)中(zhong)國(guo)人(ren)民解放軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)通(tong)(tong)信(xin)(xin)(xin)兵(bing)部(bu)(bu)(bu)，成為(wei)獨立(li)的(de)(de)(de)兵(bing)種(zhong)。此后(hou)(hou)(hou)，通(tong)(tong)信(xin)(xin)(xin)兵(bing)的(de)(de)(de)體制(zhi)(zhi)編制(zhi)(zhi)幾經調整。1975年，兵(bing)種(zhong)領導機關改稱(cheng)總參(can)謀部(bu)(bu)(bu)通(tong)(tong)信(xin)(xin)(xin)部(bu)(bu)(bu)。

隨(sui)著通(tong)信(xin)(xin)(xin)技術的發(fa)展和(he)通(tong)信(xin)(xin)(xin)任(ren)務的加重，70年(nian)代組建(jian)軍(jun)用(yong)衛星(xing)通(tong)信(xin)(xin)(xin)地球站(zhan)(zhan)，80年(nian)代組建(jian)指(zhi)揮(hui)自動化工作站(zhan)(zhan)。之后，通(tong)信(xin)(xin)(xin)兵(bing)不斷加強通(tong)用(yong)信(xin)(xin)(xin)息傳(chuan)輸平臺、處理(li)平臺和(he)指(zhi)揮(hui)控制(zhi)(zhi)系統、頻譜管理(li)系統建(jian)設，基本形成平戰(zhan)結(jie)合(he)、軍(jun)民結(jie)合(he)、有線電與無線電結(jie)合(he)、機動與固(gu)定結(jie)合(he)的綜(zong)合(he)軍(jun)事通(tong)信(xin)(xin)(xin)系統，保障了軍(jun)隊(dui)平時活動和(he)戰(zhan)時指(zhi)揮(hui)控制(zhi)(zhi)的通(tong)信(xin)(xin)(xin)聯絡。世界其他國家軍(jun)隊(dui)都編有通(tong)信(xin)(xin)(xin)兵(bing)。

俄(e)國軍(jun)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)1851年建(jian)立(li)通(tong)信(xin)分(fen)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)，1890年有了電(dian)(dian)(dian)報(bao)縱隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)，1894年電(dian)(dian)(dian)報(bao)縱隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)改組成集(ji)團軍(jun)和軍(jun)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)報(bao)連(lian)，1899年組建(jian)無線(xian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)通(tong)信(xin)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)。美國軍(jun)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)19世(shi)紀(ji)60年代建(jian)立(li)通(tong)信(xin)兵(bing)(bing)。法國軍(jun)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)19世(shi)紀(ji)中葉組建(jian)用于(yu)信(xin)差勤務的(de)步兵(bing)(bing)與(yu)騎兵(bing)(bing)聯隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)，1870年組建(jian)一個電(dian)(dian)(dian)報(bao)連(lian)，后來建(jian)立(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)報(bao)縱隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)，1917年起師以上各級部隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)都設有電(dian)(dian)(dian)報(bao)和無線(xian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)通(tong)信(xin)分(fen)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)。英國軍(jun)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)的(de)通(tong)信(xin)兵(bing)(bing)部隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)原屬工程(cheng)兵(bing)(bing)建(jian)制(zhi)，1920年成為獨立(li)的(de)兵(bing)(bing)種。

隨著戰(zhan)(zhan)爭的(de)發(fa)展(zhan)、軍(jun)隊(dui)(dui)規模的(de)擴大，各(ge)國軍(jun)隊(dui)(dui)不斷加強(qiang)通(tong)(tong)(tong)信(xin)(xin)(xin)兵建(jian)設，其體制(zhi)編制(zhi)日益完善，通(tong)(tong)(tong)信(xin)(xin)(xin)保(bao)(bao)障能(neng)(neng)力(li)不斷提高。隨著裝(zhuang)備和通(tong)(tong)(tong)信(xin)(xin)(xin)技(ji)(ji)術的(de)發(fa)展(zhan)，許(xu)多國家(jia)軍(jun)隊(dui)(dui)將根據本(ben)國實際情況，不斷更(geng)新通(tong)(tong)(tong)信(xin)(xin)(xin)技(ji)(ji)術裝(zhuang)備，調(diao)整通(tong)(tong)(tong)信(xin)(xin)(xin)兵體制(zhi)編制(zhi)，發(fa)展(zhan)軍(jun)隊(dui)(dui)指揮信(xin)(xin)(xin)息系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)，以(yi)提高快速反(fan)應能(neng)(neng)力(li)、協同通(tong)(tong)(tong)信(xin)(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)力(li)、戰(zhan)(zhan)場生存能(neng)(neng)力(li)、通(tong)(tong)(tong)信(xin)(xin)(xin)對(dui)抗能(neng)(neng)力(li)、通(tong)(tong)(tong)信(xin)(xin)(xin)保(bao)(bao)密(mi)能(neng)(neng)力(li)，增強(qiang)軍(jun)事通(tong)(tong)(tong)信(xin)(xin)(xin)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)與(yu)裝(zhuang)備、作戰(zhan)(zhan)指揮、情報(bao)處理、電子對(dui)抗系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)有機結合，以(yi)適應信(xin)(xin)(xin)息化(hua)局(ju)部戰(zhan)(zhan)爭對(dui)通(tong)(tong)(tong)信(xin)(xin)(xin)保(bao)(bao)障的(de)要求。