水(shui)(shui)面艦艇部隊(dui)(dui)是海軍中在(zai)水(shui)(shui)面遂行作(zuo)戰(zhan)任(ren)務的兵(bing)種。有的國家稱水(shui)(shui)面部隊(dui)(dui)或水(shui)(shui)面兵(bing)力。包括水(shui)(shui)面戰(zhan)斗艦艇部隊(dui)(dui)和勤務艦船部隊(dui)(dui)。海軍的基本作(zuo)戰(zhan)兵(bing)力。
具(ju)有反艦、反潛、防空、水雷戰(zhan)(zhan)和對岸攻擊(ji)等作(zuo)戰(zhan)(zhan)能(neng)力,能(neng)單(dan)獨或在(zai)其(qi)他(ta)軍(jun)種(zhong)、兵(bing)種(zhong)部隊協同下,完(wan)成海(hai)(hai)上戰(zhan)(zhan)役戰(zhan)(zhan)斗(dou)任務,有的還(huan)可以執行(xing)戰(zhan)(zhan)略性戰(zhan)(zhan)役任務。主(zhu)要用于攻擊(ji)敵方海(hai)(hai)上兵(bing)力和岸上目標,支援登陸(lu)、抗登陸(lu)作(zuo)戰(zhan)(zhan),保護或破(po)擊(ji)海(hai)(hai)上交通線,進(jin)行(xing)海(hai)(hai)上封鎖(suo)、反封鎖(suo)作(zuo)戰(zhan)(zhan),海(hai)(hai)上運送(song)作(zuo)戰(zhan)(zhan)兵(bing)力與物資(zi),參(can)加奪取制海(hai)(hai)權(quan)(quan)和海(hai)(hai)洋(yang)制空權(quan)(quan)的斗(dou)爭等。平時,除保衛(wei)海(hai)(hai)疆外,還(huan)根(gen)據國(guo)家(jia)政治、經濟(ji)和外交政策(ce),保衛(wei)大陸(lu)架、專屬經濟(ji)區,保衛(wei)和參(can)加海(hai)(hai)上科學(xue)試驗與調查作(zuo)業、開發(fa)海(hai)(hai)洋(yang)資(zi)源,維護國(guo)家(jia)海(hai)(hai)洋(yang)權(quan)(quan)益。有的國(guo)家(jia)還(huan)將水面(mian)艦艇部隊派(pai)駐他(ta)國(guo)基地或進(jin)入他(ta)國(guo)海(hai)(hai)域(yu)游弋,炫耀武力或進(jin)行(xing)軍(jun)事干涉。
現代水(shui)(shui)(shui)面(mian)(mian)(mian)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)艇(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui),各國艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)艇(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)種(zhong)(zhong)類、編(bian)(bian)(bian)制(zhi)規模差(cha)異很大(da)。有的(de)(de)(de)(de)國家(jia)海軍水(shui)(shui)(shui)面(mian)(mian)(mian)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)艇(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)擁(yong)有航空母艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)、戰(zhan)列(lie)(lie)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)、巡(xun)洋(yang)(yang)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)、驅逐(zhu)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)、護(hu)衛艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)等大(da)中型艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)艇(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting),總(zong)數達數百艘(sou);有的(de)(de)(de)(de)國家(jia)海軍僅有幾艘(sou)小型巡(xun)邏艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)艇(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)。戰(zhan)斗艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)艇(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui),按艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)種(zhong)(zhong)區分,有航空母艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)、戰(zhan)列(lie)(lie)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)、巡(xun)洋(yang)(yang)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)、驅逐(zhu)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)、護(hu)衛艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)艇(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)、布雷艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)艇(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)、掃雷艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)艇(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)、登陸艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)艇(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)、獵(lie)潛艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)艇(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)、導彈艇(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)、魚雷艇(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)等部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)。勤務(wu)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui),主要有偵察船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)、通(tong)信船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)、海道測量(liang)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)、海洋(yang)(yang)調查船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)、拖(tuo)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)、工程船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)、防險救(jiu)生船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)、破冰船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)、醫院船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)、訓練艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)、修(xiu)理艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)、補給艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)、運輸(shu)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)及其(qi)他專用(yong)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)等。水(shui)(shui)(shui)面(mian)(mian)(mian)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)艇(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)編(bian)(bian)(bian)組(zu)(zu)(zu),通(tong)常分為艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)種(zhong)(zhong)編(bian)(bian)(bian)組(zu)(zu)(zu)(行(xing)政編(bian)(bian)(bian)組(zu)(zu)(zu))、任(ren)(ren)務(wu)編(bian)(bian)(bian)組(zu)(zu)(zu)(作戰(zhan)編(bian)(bian)(bian)組(zu)(zu)(zu))。艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)種(zhong)(zhong)編(bian)(bian)(bian)組(zu)(zu)(zu),由戰(zhan)術技術性(xing)能相同或相近的(de)(de)(de)(de)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)艇(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)編(bian)(bian)(bian)為艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)艇(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)總(zong)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)、支隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)、大(da)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)和(he)中隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)等編(bian)(bian)(bian)制(zhi)序列(lie)(lie),實行(xing)統(tong)一(yi)領導和(he)管理。任(ren)(ren)務(wu)編(bian)(bian)(bian)組(zu)(zu)(zu),在(zai)遂行(xing)海上駐(zhu)巡(xun)、作戰(zhan)或其(qi)他任(ren)(ren)務(wu)時(shi),根(gen)據任(ren)(ren)務(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)性(xing)質、參與艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)艇(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)種(zhong)(zhong)類和(he)數量(liang)等,從艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)種(zhong)(zhong)編(bian)(bian)(bian)組(zu)(zu)(zu)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)中抽調艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)艇(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)或建(jian)(jian)制(zhi)單(dan)位,參加海軍諸兵種(zhong)(zhong)組(zu)(zu)(zu)成的(de)(de)(de)(de)特混(hun)(hun)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)、分艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)或其(qi)他形式的(de)(de)(de)(de)任(ren)(ren)務(wu)編(bian)(bian)(bian)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui);在(zai)一(yi)定條件下,也可(ke)單(dan)獨組(zu)(zu)(zu)成任(ren)(ren)務(wu)編(bian)(bian)(bian)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)。海軍組(zu)(zu)(zu)織諸兵種(zhong)(zhong)合同作戰(zhan)時(shi),通(tong)常以水(shui)(shui)(shui)面(mian)(mian)(mian)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)艇(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)為基(ji)礎(chu),設專門指(zhi)揮艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(旗艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)),或在(zai)某艘(sou)水(shui)(shui)(shui)面(mian)(mian)(mian)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)艇(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)上開(kai)設海上指(zhi)揮所(suo)。參與執(zhi)行(xing)某項任(ren)(ren)務(wu)編(bian)(bian)(bian)組(zu)(zu)(zu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)(shui)面(mian)(mian)(mian)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)艇(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui),任(ren)(ren)務(wu)結(jie)束后歸建(jian)(jian)。美國海軍艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)艇(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)編(bian)(bian)(bian)有艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui),艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)設有水(shui)(shui)(shui)面(mian)(mian)(mian)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)艇(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)司令部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu),統(tong)轄所(suo)屬(shu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)面(mian)(mian)(mian)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)艇(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)。其(qi)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)種(zhong)(zhong)編(bian)(bian)(bian)組(zu)(zu)(zu),統(tong)一(yi)編(bian)(bian)(bian)為各艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)種(zhong)(zhong)大(da)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)或中隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui);任(ren)(ren)務(wu)編(bian)(bian)(bian)組(zu)(zu)(zu)分為作戰(zhan)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)、特混(hun)(hun)大(da)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)、特混(hun)(hun)中隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)、特混(hun)(hun)分隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)和(he)特混(hun)(hun)小隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)。
美(mei)國(guo)航空母艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)則(ze)屬于艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)航空兵部隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)建制,根據(ju)任務需要,配屬作戰艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)。海(hai)軍(jun)水(shui)面(mian)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)艇部隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui),艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)種編組(zu)為(wei)(wei)總隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)、支隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)、大隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)等(deng);任務編組(zu)通常(chang)分(fen)別以(yi)航空母艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)、巡洋艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)或驅(qu)(qu)逐(zhu)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)為(wei)(wei)核心,并配有其他水(shui)面(mian)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)艇為(wei)(wei)護(hu)衛兵力組(zu)成編隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)。日本海(hai)上自衛隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui),以(yi)驅(qu)(qu)逐(zhu)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)部隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)為(wei)(wei)主,編成護(hu)衛艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui),隸屬聯合(he)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui),下(xia)轄(xia)護(hu)衛隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)群和(he)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui),作為(wei)(wei)其海(hai)上防衛的主力。一些發(fa)展中國(guo)家的水(shui)面(mian)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)艇部隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)的編組(zu)形式,通常(chang)是在(zai)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)下(xia)直轄(xia)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)種大隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)或中隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)。
世(shi)界(jie)上自有(you)海軍(jun)、艦(jian)隊(dui)以來,就有(you)水面(mian)艦(jian)艇部(bu)隊(dui)。隨著海軍(jun)裝備(bei)的改進,海戰規模的擴展(zhan)和樣(yang)式的變化,水面(mian)艦(jian)艇部(bu)隊(dui)加快了發展(zhan)。
第(di)一(yi)(yi)次世界(jie)大(da)戰(zhan)(zhan)前(qian)夕,英、法、俄(e)、意、德、奧(ao)等(deng)(deng)國的海(hai)(hai)軍,就擁有戰(zhan)(zhan)列艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)、戰(zhan)(zhan)列巡(xun)(xun)(xun)洋(yang)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)、巡(xun)(xun)(xun)洋(yang)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)、驅(qu)逐艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)等(deng)(deng)部隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui),大(da)戰(zhan)(zhan)期間(jian)這些戰(zhan)(zhan)斗艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)艇部隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)在海(hai)(hai)戰(zhan)(zhan)中起主(zhu)導作用(yong)。海(hai)(hai)戰(zhan)(zhan)時,通常由單一(yi)(yi)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)種(zhong)(zhong)的戰(zhan)(zhan)列艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)、巡(xun)(xun)(xun)洋(yang)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)和驅(qu)逐艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)或2~3個艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)種(zhong)(zhong)組成(cheng)編隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui),成(cheng)單縱隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)或復列縱隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui),進行列陣對抗(kang),直(zhi)至1916年日德蘭海(hai)(hai)戰(zhan)(zhan)后(hou),才宣(xuan)告了這種(zhong)(zhong)簡(jian)單的艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)列陣對抗(kang)的海(hai)(hai)戰(zhan)(zhan)樣(yang)式的終結。戰(zhan)(zhan)后(hou),一(yi)(yi)些國家海(hai)(hai)軍繼續發展戰(zhan)(zhan)列艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)、巡(xun)(xun)(xun)洋(yang)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)和驅(qu)逐艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)等(deng)(deng)水面艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)艇部隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)。
20世紀20~30年代,英、美、日、法等(deng)國建成第(di)一批航空母艦,編(bian)入水面艦艇(ting)部隊。
第二次世(shi)界(jie)大戰(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)期(qi)間,英、美、日等(deng)(deng)國海(hai)軍競相(xiang)發(fa)展航空母艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian),并在海(hai)戰(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)中廣泛使用,戰(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)列艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)攻防能力(li)逐漸喪(sang)失(shi)優勢,失(shi)去原有主力(li)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)地(di)位(wei),從1942年珊(shan)瑚海(hai)海(hai)戰(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)起,戰(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)列艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)被航空母艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)取代。巡(xun)洋(yang)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)、驅(qu)逐艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)、護(hu)衛艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)等(deng)(deng)水面艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)艇(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)部(bu)(bu)隊仍發(fa)揮重要作用。由于反潛戰(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)、水雷(lei)戰(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)和登陸(lu)作戰(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)需要,反潛艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)艇(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)、掃布雷(lei)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)艇(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)和兩棲(qi)作戰(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)艇(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)等(deng)(deng)在一(yi)些國家(jia)的(de)(de)水面艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)艇(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)部(bu)(bu)隊中也發(fa)展很(hen)快。戰(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)后,許多(duo)(duo)國家(jia)將戰(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)列艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)先(xian)后封存,不再(zai)(zai)新(xin)建。有些國家(jia)對(dui)巡(xun)洋(yang)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)發(fa)展也持(chi)慎重態(tai)度(du),一(yi)度(du)很(hen)少建造。有些國家(jia)不再(zai)(zai)專門建造布雷(lei)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)艇(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting),多(duo)(duo)數國家(jia)的(de)(de)反潛艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)艇(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)、掃布雷(lei)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)艇(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)、登陸(lu)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)艇(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)等(deng)(deng)部(bu)(bu)隊都有新(xin)的(de)(de)發(fa)展。
50年代(dai)末(mo),蘇聯海軍(jun)(jun)首(shou)先建立導(dao)(dao)彈快艇(ting)部(bu)隊(dui)。其后,許多(duo)國家海軍(jun)(jun)相繼組建導(dao)(dao)彈快艇(ting)部(bu)隊(dui),與(yu)此同時水(shui)翼快艇(ting)、氣(qi)墊快艇(ting)、氣(qi)墊登陸艇(ting)等也陸續編入水(shui)面作戰艦艇(ting)部(bu)隊(dui)。勤務艦船部(bu)隊(dui)艦船的(de)類型和數量(liang)也有相應的(de)發展。60~70年代(dai),導(dao)(dao)彈艦艇(ting)在局部(bu)戰爭(zheng)中(zhong)發揮了很大作用(yong)。70年代(dai)末(mo),許多(duo)國家海軍(jun)(jun)的(de)水(shui)面艦艇(ting)部(bu)隊(dui)逐步實現武器導(dao)(dao)彈化。
中國(guo)自(zi)清(qing)朝(chao)同治年(nian)(nian)間(1862~1874)開始建(jian)立近代海(hai)軍,至(zhi)中華(hua)民國(guo)時期(qi),艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)隊(dui)(dui)主(zhu)要由水(shui)面(mian)(mian)(mian)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)艇(ting)(ting)(ting)部(bu)(bu)隊(dui)(dui)組(zu)(zu)成。1949年(nian)(nian)4月(yue)中國(guo)人民解放(fang)軍組(zu)(zu)建(jian)海(hai)軍部(bu)(bu)隊(dui)(dui)時,水(shui)面(mian)(mian)(mian)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)艇(ting)(ting)(ting)部(bu)(bu)隊(dui)(dui)是當時唯(wei)一的海(hai)上(shang)兵力。同年(nian)(nian)11月(yue),組(zu)(zu)建(jian)護(hu)衛(wei)(wei)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)大(da)隊(dui)(dui)。此后,又陸(lu)續組(zu)(zu)建(jian)了登(deng)陸(lu)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)、掃雷(lei)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)、魚雷(lei)艇(ting)(ting)(ting)、獵潛艇(ting)(ting)(ting)、驅(qu)逐艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)等(deng)部(bu)(bu)隊(dui)(dui)。至(zhi)1955年(nian)(nian)底,水(shui)面(mian)(mian)(mian)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)艇(ting)(ting)(ting)部(bu)(bu)隊(dui)(dui)的艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)艇(ting)(ting)(ting)種類逐步齊(qi)全(quan),體制(zhi)編制(zhi)基本(ben)成型,武器技(ji)術(shu)裝備也(ye)有(you)改善。隨著國(guo)家科學(xue)技(ji)術(shu)的發展(zhan)、工業水(shui)平(ping)的提高和(he)經濟實力的增強,20世紀60年(nian)(nian)代始,自(zi)行設計研(yan)制(zhi)導彈(dan)艇(ting)(ting)(ting)、驅(qu)逐艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)、護(hu)衛(wei)(wei)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)、登(deng)陸(lu)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)等(deng)新型艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)艇(ting)(ting)(ting),艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)艇(ting)(ting)(ting)部(bu)(bu)隊(dui)(dui)有(you)了迅速發展(zhan)。70年(nian)(nian)代起,組(zu)(zu)建(jian)一批導彈(dan)快艇(ting)(ting)(ting)部(bu)(bu)隊(dui)(dui)和(he)導彈(dan)驅(qu)逐艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)部(bu)(bu)隊(dui)(dui)。80年(nian)(nian)代,重點發展(zhan)護(hu)衛(wei)(wei)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)、驅(qu)逐艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)等(deng)戰(zhan)斗艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)艇(ting)(ting)(ting)部(bu)(bu)隊(dui)(dui),掃雷(lei)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)、布雷(lei)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)、獵潛艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)等(deng)戰(zhan)斗艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)艇(ting)(ting)(ting)部(bu)(bu)隊(dui)(dui)也(ye)有(you)較大(da)發展(zhan)。綜合(he)補給船(chuan)、遠洋打撈救生船(chuan)、遠洋拖船(chuan)、醫院船(chuan)等(deng)大(da)型勤務(wu)保障艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)船(chuan)陸(lu)續編配(pei)部(bu)(bu)隊(dui)(dui)。
2012年9月25日,“中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)人民解放(fang)軍遼寧艦(jian)”交(jiao)付人民解放(fang)軍,成(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)第(di)一艘現代(dai)航空母艦(jian)。此后,各種新型艦(jian)艇(ting)(ting)不(bu)斷列裝部(bu)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui),水面艦(jian)艇(ting)(ting)部(bu)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)的(de)(de)艦(jian)種構成(cheng)(cheng)進(jin)一步(bu)完善,增強(qiang)了(le)整體作(zuo)戰(zhan)(zhan)能(neng)力(li)(li),為(wei)執行遠(yuan)洋(yang)任務提供了(le)條件(jian)。隨(sui)著信息技(ji)術、隱身技(ji)術等高新技(ji)術的(de)(de)發(fa)展(zhan),單(dan)艦(jian)作(zuo)戰(zhan)(zhan)探(tan)測(ce)區域和(he)武器使用(yong)能(neng)力(li)(li)得到極大擴(kuo)充,水面艦(jian)艇(ting)(ting)部(bu)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)的(de)(de)體制編制進(jin)一步(bu)完善,更(geng)加強(qiang)調采取合成(cheng)(cheng)戰(zhan)(zhan)斗群的(de)(de)編組形(xing)式,有的(de)(de)還將與潛艇(ting)(ting)部(bu)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)等組成(cheng)(cheng)相(xiang)對(dui)固(gu)定(ding)的(de)(de)特遣編隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui),由臨(lin)時編組向固(gu)定(ding)編組發(fa)展(zhan)。
現代(dai)水(shui)面艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)艇(ting)(ting)(ting)部隊(dui),各國(guo)(guo)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)艇(ting)(ting)(ting)種類、編制規模差(cha)異很大(da)。有(you)(you)的(de)國(guo)(guo)家海(hai)(hai)軍水(shui)面艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)艇(ting)(ting)(ting)部隊(dui)擁有(you)(you)航空母(mu)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)、戰列(lie)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)、巡(xun)(xun)(xun)洋(yang)(yang)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)、驅(qu)逐艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)、護(hu)(hu)衛(wei)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)等大(da)中型(xing)(xing)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)艇(ting)(ting)(ting),總(zong)數達數百(bai)艘;有(you)(you)的(de)國(guo)(guo)家海(hai)(hai)軍僅有(you)(you)幾艘小型(xing)(xing)巡(xun)(xun)(xun)邏艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)艇(ting)(ting)(ting)。戰斗(dou)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)艇(ting)(ting)(ting)部隊(dui),按艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)種區分(fen)為航空母(mu)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)、戰列(lie)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)、巡(xun)(xun)(xun)洋(yang)(yang)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)、驅(qu)逐艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)、護(hu)(hu)衛(wei)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)艇(ting)(ting)(ting)、布雷艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)艇(ting)(ting)(ting)、掃(sao)雷艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)艇(ting)(ting)(ting)、登陸(lu)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)艇(ting)(ting)(ting)、獵(lie)潛艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)艇(ting)(ting)(ting)、導彈艇(ting)(ting)(ting)、魚雷艇(ting)(ting)(ting)等部隊(dui),主要遂行海(hai)(hai)上作戰任務(wu)。勤(qin)務(wu)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)船(chuan)部隊(dui),包括(kuo)偵察船(chuan)、通(tong)信(xin)船(chuan)、海(hai)(hai)道測量船(chuan)、海(hai)(hai)洋(yang)(yang)調查船(chuan)、拖船(chuan)、工程船(chuan)、防險救生船(chuan)、破冰船(chuan)、醫(yi)院船(chuan)、訓練(lian)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)船(chuan)、修理艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)船(chuan)、補給艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)船(chuan)、運輸艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)船(chuan)及其他專(zhuan)用艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)船(chuan)等部隊(dui)、分(fen)隊(dui),負責海(hai)(hai)上戰斗(dou)保(bao)(bao)障(zhang)、技(ji)術保(bao)(bao)障(zhang)和(he)后勤(qin)保(bao)(bao)障(zhang)等勤(qin)務(wu)。戰斗(dou)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)艇(ting)(ting)(ting)編制員額一般是(shi):大(da)型(xing)(xing)航空母(mu)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)為5000—6000人(ren)(ren),小型(xing)(xing)航空母(mu)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)為1000—1500人(ren)(ren);戰列(lie)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)為1500余人(ren)(ren),巡(xun)(xun)(xun)洋(yang)(yang)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)為400—600人(ren)(ren),重巡(xun)(xun)(xun)洋(yang)(yang)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)超(chao)過1000人(ren)(ren);驅(qu)逐艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)為200—400人(ren)(ren);護(hu)(hu)衛(wei)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)為100—250人(ren)(ren);小型(xing)(xing)巡(xun)(xun)(xun)邏艇(ting)(ting)(ting)為10—60人(ren)(ren)。水(shui)面艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)艇(ting)(ting)(ting)部隊(dui)編組(zu)通(tong)常分(fen)為艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)種編組(zu)和(he)任務(wu)編組(zu)。
也(ye)稱行(xing)政編(bian)組。是平時為便(bian)于對艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)艇(ting)(ting)部隊(dui)(dui)(dui)進行(xing)管理、訓練、補給(gei)(gei)和(he)對艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)艇(ting)(ting)進行(xing)維修而(er)采用(yong)的(de)編(bian)組形式,一般由(you)(you)(you)技術(shu)戰(zhan)術(shu)性(xing)能相(xiang)同或(huo)(huo)相(xiang)近的(de)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)艇(ting)(ting)編(bian)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),編(bian)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)部隊(dui)(dui)(dui)、分(fen)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)屬建制單位(wei)。美(mei)國海軍(jun)(jun)在太平洋(yang)(yang)、大(da)(da)(da)(da)西洋(yang)(yang)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)設有(you)水面(mian)(mian)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)艇(ting)(ting)部隊(dui)(dui)(dui)司(si)令部,統轄各水面(mian)(mian)部隊(dui)(dui)(dui)。其艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)種(zhong)編(bian)組分(fen)為大(da)(da)(da)(da)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)或(huo)(huo)中(zhong)(zhong)隊(dui)(dui)(dui),所轄兵力大(da)(da)(da)(da)體固定(ding)。通(tong)常1個(ge)(ge)航空(kong)母(mu)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)大(da)(da)(da)(da)隊(dui)(dui)(dui),由(you)(you)(you)1—2艘(sou)(sou)航空(kong)母(mu)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)和(he)其他作戰(zhan)、補給(gei)(gei)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)只編(bian)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng);1個(ge)(ge)巡(xun)洋(yang)(yang)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)、驅逐艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)大(da)(da)(da)(da)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)由(you)(you)(you)2—4艘(sou)(sou)巡(xun)洋(yang)(yang)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)和(he)2—4個(ge)(ge)驅逐艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)中(zhong)(zhong)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)及數(shu)艘(sou)(sou)后(hou)勤船只編(bian)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng);驅逐艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)、護(hu)衛艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)中(zhong)(zhong)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)為基本戰(zhan)術(shu)單位(wei),由(you)(you)(you)4—6艘(sou)(sou)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)艇(ting)(ting)編(bian)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。俄羅斯海軍(jun)(jun)水面(mian)(mian)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)艇(ting)(ting)部隊(dui)(dui)(dui)分(fen)為總(zong)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)、支(zhi)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)和(he)大(da)(da)(da)(da)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)等(deng)(deng)。總(zong)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)、支(zhi)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)分(fen)別隸屬于區艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)、分(fen)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)和(he)海軍(jun)(jun)基地(di)。通(tong)常1個(ge)(ge)巡(xun)洋(yang)(yang)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)總(zong)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)由(you)(you)(you)3—6艘(sou)(sou)輕(qing)巡(xun)洋(yang)(yang)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)編(bian)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng);1個(ge)(ge)驅逐艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)支(zhi)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)由(you)(you)(you)2—3個(ge)(ge)大(da)(da)(da)(da)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)編(bian)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng);1個(ge)(ge)驅逐艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)大(da)(da)(da)(da)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)編(bian)4艘(sou)(sou)驅逐艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian);1個(ge)(ge)護(hu)衛艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)支(zhi)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)由(you)(you)(you)2—3個(ge)(ge)大(da)(da)(da)(da)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)編(bian)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng);1個(ge)(ge)護(hu)衛艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)大(da)(da)(da)(da)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)編(bian)6—12艘(sou)(sou)護(hu)衛艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)。印(yin)度、巴基斯坦等(deng)(deng)國家(jia)海軍(jun)(jun)水面(mian)(mian)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)艇(ting)(ting)部隊(dui)(dui)(dui)的(de)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)種(zhong)編(bian)組形式,多是在艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)下(xia)直轄艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)艇(ting)(ting)中(zhong)(zhong)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)或(huo)(huo)大(da)(da)(da)(da)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)等(deng)(deng)。
也稱作戰編(bian)(bian)組。是遂行海(hai)(hai)上(shang)駐巡、作戰或其(qi)他(ta)任(ren)務(wu)時而采取(qu)的(de)編(bian)(bian)組形式。由(you)不同艦(jian)(jian)(jian)種編(bian)(bian)組的(de)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)艇部隊(dui)(dui)分別派(pai)出單艦(jian)(jian)(jian)或成建制派(pai)出若干艘(sou)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)艇編(bian)(bian)成混(hun)合編(bian)(bian)隊(dui)(dui),一般無常(chang)設領導指(zhi)揮機關和固(gu)定編(bian)(bian)制,任(ren)務(wu)結束(shu),即(ji)行歸建。美國海(hai)(hai)軍水面艦(jian)(jian)(jian)艇部隊(dui)(dui)的(de)任(ren)務(wu)編(bian)(bian)組區分為特(te)混(hun)大隊(dui)(dui)、特(te)混(hun)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)隊(dui)(dui)、特(te)混(hun)支隊(dui)(dui)。俄羅斯(si)海(hai)(hai)軍水面艦(jian)(jian)(jian)艇部隊(dui)(dui)的(de)任(ren)務(wu)編(bian)(bian)組,通常(chang)以航空母艦(jian)(jian)(jian)、導彈(dan)巡洋艦(jian)(jian)(jian)或導彈(dan)驅逐艦(jian)(jian)(jian)為核心(xin),并配有其(qi)他(ta)水面艦(jian)(jian)(jian)艇為護衛兵力(li)組成。印(yin)度海(hai)(hai)軍的(de)任(ren)務(wu)編(bian)(bian)組為特(te)混(hun)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)隊(dui)(dui)、特(te)混(hun)大隊(dui)(dui)和特(te)混(hun)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)隊(dui)(dui),特(te)混(hun)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)隊(dui)(dui)轄(xia)航空母艦(jian)(jian)(jian)、海(hai)(hai)上(shang)火力(li)支援、海(hai)(hai)上(shang)攻擊(ji)和掃(sao)雷等4個(ge)特(te)混(hun)大隊(dui)(dui),每個(ge)大隊(dui)(dui)轄(xia)2個(ge)特(te)混(hun)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)隊(dui)(dui)。
海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)軍中在水(shui)面遂行作(zuo)戰(zhan)(zhan)任(ren)務的(de)(de)兵種,航空母艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)、戰(zhan)(zhan)列(lie)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)、巡洋(yang)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)、驅逐艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)、護衛艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)艇(ting)(ting)、布雷(lei)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)、掃雷(lei)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)艇(ting)(ting)、登陸(lu)(lu)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)艇(ting)(ting)、獵潛艇(ting)(ting)、導彈(dan)艇(ting)(ting)、魚雷(lei)艇(ting)(ting)等(deng)戰(zhan)(zhan)斗艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)艇(ting)(ting)部(bu)隊(dui)(dui)和(he)勤務艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)船(chuan)部(bu)隊(dui)(dui)的(de)(de)總稱。在有(you)的(de)(de)國家簡稱水(shui)面部(bu)隊(dui)(dui)。主要任(ren)務是攻擊(ji)敵方海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)上(shang)兵力(li)和(he)岸(an)上(shang)目標,支援登陸(lu)(lu)和(he)抗登陸(lu)(lu)作(zuo)戰(zhan)(zhan),保護或破(po)壞海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)上(shang)交(jiao)通線,進行海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)上(shang)封(feng)鎖和(he)反封(feng)鎖作(zuo)戰(zhan)(zhan)等(deng)。通常按總隊(dui)(dui)、支隊(dui)(dui)、大隊(dui)(dui)、中隊(dui)(dui)的(de)(de)序列(lie)編制,有(you)的(de)(de)以支隊(dui)(dui)為最小建制單位。一(yi)般(ban)由技(ji)術(shu)戰(zhan)(zhan)術(shu)性能(neng)相同(tong)的(de)(de)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)艇(ting)(ting)編成(cheng)(cheng),也可(ke)由技(ji)術(shu)戰(zhan)(zhan)術(shu)性能(neng)不同(tong)的(de)(de)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)艇(ting)(ting)編成(cheng)(cheng)。