芒果视频下载

水(shui)面艦(jian)艇部隊(dui)是海軍中在水(shui)面遂行作戰(zhan)任(ren)務的兵種。有的國(guo)家稱水(shui)面部隊(dui)或水(shui)面兵力。包括(kuo)水(shui)面戰(zhan)斗艦(jian)艇部隊(dui)和勤(qin)務艦(jian)船部隊(dui)。海軍的基(ji)本作戰(zhan)兵力。

主要任務

具有反艦、反潛、防空(kong)、水雷戰(zhan)(zhan)和(he)(he)對岸攻擊等作(zuo)(zuo)戰(zhan)(zhan)能(neng)力(li)(li)，能(neng)單獨或(huo)在其(qi)他(ta)軍(jun)種、兵(bing)種部隊(dui)協同(tong)下，完成海(hai)(hai)(hai)上戰(zhan)(zhan)役戰(zhan)(zhan)斗(dou)任(ren)務(wu)，有的(de)還(huan)可以執行(xing)戰(zhan)(zhan)略性戰(zhan)(zhan)役任(ren)務(wu)。主要用于(yu)攻擊敵方(fang)海(hai)(hai)(hai)上兵(bing)力(li)(li)和(he)(he)岸上目標，支援登(deng)陸、抗登(deng)陸作(zuo)(zuo)戰(zhan)(zhan)，保(bao)護或(huo)破擊海(hai)(hai)(hai)上交(jiao)通線，進行(xing)海(hai)(hai)(hai)上封(feng)鎖、反封(feng)鎖作(zuo)(zuo)戰(zhan)(zhan)，海(hai)(hai)(hai)上運(yun)送作(zuo)(zuo)戰(zhan)(zhan)兵(bing)力(li)(li)與物資，參(can)加奪取制(zhi)海(hai)(hai)(hai)權和(he)(he)海(hai)(hai)(hai)洋(yang)制(zhi)空(kong)權的(de)斗(dou)爭等。平(ping)時，除保(bao)衛(wei)海(hai)(hai)(hai)疆外(wai)，還(huan)根(gen)據(ju)國(guo)家(jia)政治、經濟(ji)和(he)(he)外(wai)交(jiao)政策(ce)，保(bao)衛(wei)大陸架、專屬經濟(ji)區(qu)，保(bao)衛(wei)和(he)(he)參(can)加海(hai)(hai)(hai)上科(ke)學試驗與調查作(zuo)(zuo)業、開發海(hai)(hai)(hai)洋(yang)資源，維護國(guo)家(jia)海(hai)(hai)(hai)洋(yang)權益。有的(de)國(guo)家(jia)還(huan)將水面艦艇部隊(dui)派駐他(ta)國(guo)基(ji)地或(huo)進入他(ta)國(guo)海(hai)(hai)(hai)域游弋，炫(xuan)耀(yao)武力(li)(li)或(huo)進行(xing)軍(jun)事干涉。

編制種類

現代(dai)水(shui)(shui)面(mian)(mian)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)艇(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)部(bu)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)，各(ge)國(guo)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)艇(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)、編(bian)(bian)(bian)制規模差(cha)異很大。有(you)(you)(you)的國(guo)家海(hai)(hai)軍(jun)水(shui)(shui)面(mian)(mian)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)艇(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)部(bu)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)擁有(you)(you)(you)航(hang)空母艦(jian)(jian)(jian)、戰列艦(jian)(jian)(jian)、巡洋艦(jian)(jian)(jian)、驅逐艦(jian)(jian)(jian)、護衛艦(jian)(jian)(jian)等(deng)大中型(xing)(xing)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)艇(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)，總數達數百艘；有(you)(you)(you)的國(guo)家海(hai)(hai)軍(jun)僅有(you)(you)(you)幾艘小型(xing)(xing)巡邏艦(jian)(jian)(jian)艇(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)。戰斗艦(jian)(jian)(jian)艇(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)部(bu)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)，按(an)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)區分(fen)(fen)(fen)，有(you)(you)(you)航(hang)空母艦(jian)(jian)(jian)、戰列艦(jian)(jian)(jian)、巡洋艦(jian)(jian)(jian)、驅逐艦(jian)(jian)(jian)、護衛艦(jian)(jian)(jian)艇(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)、布雷(lei)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)艇(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)、掃雷(lei)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)艇(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)、登陸艦(jian)(jian)(jian)艇(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)、獵潛艦(jian)(jian)(jian)艇(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)、導彈(dan)艇(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)、魚雷(lei)艇(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)等(deng)部(bu)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)。勤(qin)務艦(jian)(jian)(jian)船(chuan)部(bu)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)，主(zhu)要有(you)(you)(you)偵察船(chuan)、通信(xin)船(chuan)、海(hai)(hai)道測量(liang)船(chuan)、海(hai)(hai)洋調查船(chuan)、拖船(chuan)、工程船(chuan)、防險救生船(chuan)、破冰船(chuan)、醫院(yuan)船(chuan)、訓練艦(jian)(jian)(jian)船(chuan)、修理艦(jian)(jian)(jian)船(chuan)、補給艦(jian)(jian)(jian)船(chuan)、運(yun)輸(shu)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)船(chuan)及其(qi)他專用艦(jian)(jian)(jian)船(chuan)等(deng)。水(shui)(shui)面(mian)(mian)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)艇(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)部(bu)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)的編(bian)(bian)(bian)組(zu)(zu)，通常分(fen)(fen)(fen)為(wei)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)編(bian)(bian)(bian)組(zu)(zu)（行(xing)政(zheng)編(bian)(bian)(bian)組(zu)(zu)）、任(ren)(ren)務編(bian)(bian)(bian)組(zu)(zu)（作(zuo)戰編(bian)(bian)(bian)組(zu)(zu)）。艦(jian)(jian)(jian)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)編(bian)(bian)(bian)組(zu)(zu)，由戰術(shu)技術(shu)性(xing)(xing)能相同或相近的艦(jian)(jian)(jian)艇(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)編(bian)(bian)(bian)為(wei)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)艇(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)總隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)、支隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)、大隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)和(he)中隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)等(deng)編(bian)(bian)(bian)制序列，實行(xing)統(tong)一領導和(he)管理。任(ren)(ren)務編(bian)(bian)(bian)組(zu)(zu)，在(zai)遂(sui)行(xing)海(hai)(hai)上駐巡、作(zuo)戰或其(qi)他任(ren)(ren)務時，根據任(ren)(ren)務的性(xing)(xing)質、參(can)與艦(jian)(jian)(jian)艇(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)和(he)數量(liang)等(deng)，從艦(jian)(jian)(jian)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)編(bian)(bian)(bian)組(zu)(zu)部(bu)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)中抽調艦(jian)(jian)(jian)艇(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)或建制單位，參(can)加海(hai)(hai)軍(jun)諸兵(bing)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)組(zu)(zu)成(cheng)的特(te)(te)混(hun)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)、分(fen)(fen)(fen)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)或其(qi)他形式(shi)的任(ren)(ren)務編(bian)(bian)(bian)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)；在(zai)一定條件下，也(ye)可單獨組(zu)(zu)成(cheng)任(ren)(ren)務編(bian)(bian)(bian)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)。海(hai)(hai)軍(jun)組(zu)(zu)織諸兵(bing)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)合同作(zuo)戰時，通常以水(shui)(shui)面(mian)(mian)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)艇(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)部(bu)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)為(wei)基(ji)礎(chu)，設專門(men)指(zhi)揮(hui)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)（旗艦(jian)(jian)(jian)），或在(zai)某艘水(shui)(shui)面(mian)(mian)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)艇(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)上開設海(hai)(hai)上指(zhi)揮(hui)所。參(can)與執行(xing)某項任(ren)(ren)務編(bian)(bian)(bian)組(zu)(zu)的水(shui)(shui)面(mian)(mian)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)艇(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)部(bu)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)，任(ren)(ren)務結束后歸建。美國(guo)海(hai)(hai)軍(jun)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)艇(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)部(bu)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)編(bian)(bian)(bian)有(you)(you)(you)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)，艦(jian)(jian)(jian)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)設有(you)(you)(you)水(shui)(shui)面(mian)(mian)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)艇(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)部(bu)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)司(si)令(ling)部(bu)，統(tong)轄所屬水(shui)(shui)面(mian)(mian)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)艇(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)部(bu)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)。其(qi)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)編(bian)(bian)(bian)組(zu)(zu)，統(tong)一編(bian)(bian)(bian)為(wei)各(ge)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)大隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)或中隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)；任(ren)(ren)務編(bian)(bian)(bian)組(zu)(zu)分(fen)(fen)(fen)為(wei)作(zuo)戰艦(jian)(jian)(jian)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)、特(te)(te)混(hun)大隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)、特(te)(te)混(hun)中隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)、特(te)(te)混(hun)分(fen)(fen)(fen)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)和(he)特(te)(te)混(hun)小隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)。

美國(guo)航空母艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)則屬于艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)航空兵部隊(dui)(dui)(dui)建制(zhi)，根(gen)據(ju)任務需要，配(pei)屬作戰艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)。海軍水面(mian)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)艇(ting)部隊(dui)(dui)(dui)，艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)種編組(zu)為總隊(dui)(dui)(dui)、支隊(dui)(dui)(dui)、大隊(dui)(dui)(dui)等；任務編組(zu)通常分別以航空母艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)、巡(xun)洋(yang)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)或驅(qu)逐艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)為核心(xin)，并配(pei)有其(qi)他(ta)水面(mian)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)艇(ting)為護(hu)衛兵力組(zu)成(cheng)編隊(dui)(dui)(dui)。日本(ben)海上(shang)自衛隊(dui)(dui)(dui)，以驅(qu)逐艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)部隊(dui)(dui)(dui)為主，編成(cheng)護(hu)衛艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)，隸屬聯合艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)，下(xia)轄護(hu)衛隊(dui)(dui)(dui)群和隊(dui)(dui)(dui)，作為其(qi)海上(shang)防衛的(de)主力。一些發展中國(guo)家的(de)水面(mian)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)艇(ting)部隊(dui)(dui)(dui)的(de)編組(zu)形(xing)式，通常是在(zai)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)下(xia)直轄艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)種大隊(dui)(dui)(dui)或中隊(dui)(dui)(dui)。

發展歷史

世(shi)界上自有海(hai)軍、艦隊(dui)(dui)以(yi)來(lai)，就(jiu)有水(shui)面(mian)(mian)艦艇(ting)部(bu)隊(dui)(dui)。隨著海(hai)軍裝備的改進，海(hai)戰規模的擴(kuo)展和樣式的變化，水(shui)面(mian)(mian)艦艇(ting)部(bu)隊(dui)(dui)加快了發展。

第一次世界(jie)大(da)戰(zhan)(zhan)前(qian)夕，英、法(fa)、俄、意、德、奧等國的海軍，就擁有戰(zhan)(zhan)列艦(jian)(jian)、戰(zhan)(zhan)列巡洋(yang)艦(jian)(jian)、巡洋(yang)艦(jian)(jian)、驅逐艦(jian)(jian)等部隊(dui)，大(da)戰(zhan)(zhan)期(qi)間這(zhe)些戰(zhan)(zhan)斗艦(jian)(jian)艇(ting)部隊(dui)在海戰(zhan)(zhan)中(zhong)起主導作用。海戰(zhan)(zhan)時，通常由單(dan)一艦(jian)(jian)種的戰(zhan)(zhan)列艦(jian)(jian)、巡洋(yang)艦(jian)(jian)和驅逐艦(jian)(jian)或2～3個艦(jian)(jian)種組成編隊(dui)，成單(dan)縱(zong)隊(dui)或復列縱(zong)隊(dui)，進行列陣(zhen)對抗(kang)，直至1916年日德蘭海戰(zhan)(zhan)后，才宣告(gao)了這(zhe)種簡(jian)單(dan)的艦(jian)(jian)隊(dui)列陣(zhen)對抗(kang)的海戰(zhan)(zhan)樣式的終(zhong)結。戰(zhan)(zhan)后，一些國家海軍繼(ji)續(xu)發展(zhan)戰(zhan)(zhan)列艦(jian)(jian)、巡洋(yang)艦(jian)(jian)和驅逐艦(jian)(jian)等水面艦(jian)(jian)艇(ting)部隊(dui)。

20世紀20～30年代，英、美(mei)、日、法(fa)等國建(jian)成(cheng)第一批航空母艦，編入水(shui)面(mian)艦艇部隊(dui)。

第二次(ci)世界大(da)戰(zhan)(zhan)期間，英(ying)、美、日等(deng)國(guo)海軍(jun)競相(xiang)發(fa)展航空母(mu)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)，并在(zai)海戰(zhan)(zhan)中(zhong)廣泛(fan)使用(yong)，戰(zhan)(zhan)列(lie)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)攻防(fang)能力(li)逐(zhu)漸喪(sang)失優勢(shi)，失去原有主力(li)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)地(di)位，從1942年(nian)珊瑚海海戰(zhan)(zhan)起，戰(zhan)(zhan)列(lie)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)被航空母(mu)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)取(qu)代。巡洋艦(jian)(jian)(jian)、驅逐(zhu)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)、護衛艦(jian)(jian)(jian)等(deng)水面艦(jian)(jian)(jian)艇(ting)(ting)(ting)部(bu)隊(dui)仍發(fa)揮重要(yao)作(zuo)用(yong)。由(you)于(yu)反潛戰(zhan)(zhan)、水雷(lei)戰(zhan)(zhan)和(he)登陸(lu)作(zuo)戰(zhan)(zhan)的需要(yao)，反潛艦(jian)(jian)(jian)艇(ting)(ting)(ting)、掃(sao)(sao)布(bu)雷(lei)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)艇(ting)(ting)(ting)和(he)兩棲(qi)作(zuo)戰(zhan)(zhan)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)艇(ting)(ting)(ting)等(deng)在(zai)一些(xie)國(guo)家的水面艦(jian)(jian)(jian)艇(ting)(ting)(ting)部(bu)隊(dui)中(zhong)也發(fa)展很快。戰(zhan)(zhan)后(hou)(hou)，許多國(guo)家將戰(zhan)(zhan)列(lie)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)先后(hou)(hou)封存，不(bu)再新建。有些(xie)國(guo)家對(dui)巡洋艦(jian)(jian)(jian)的發(fa)展也持慎重態度，一度很少建造。有些(xie)國(guo)家不(bu)再專門建造布(bu)雷(lei)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)艇(ting)(ting)(ting)，多數國(guo)家的反潛艦(jian)(jian)(jian)艇(ting)(ting)(ting)、掃(sao)(sao)布(bu)雷(lei)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)艇(ting)(ting)(ting)、登陸(lu)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)艇(ting)(ting)(ting)等(deng)部(bu)隊(dui)都有新的發(fa)展。

50年(nian)代(dai)末，蘇聯海(hai)軍首先建(jian)立導(dao)(dao)彈(dan)快艇(ting)(ting)部(bu)隊(dui)。其后，許多國家(jia)(jia)海(hai)軍相繼組建(jian)導(dao)(dao)彈(dan)快艇(ting)(ting)部(bu)隊(dui)，與(yu)此同時水翼(yi)快艇(ting)(ting)、氣墊快艇(ting)(ting)、氣墊登(deng)陸艇(ting)(ting)等也陸續編入水面(mian)作戰艦艇(ting)(ting)部(bu)隊(dui)。勤(qin)務艦船(chuan)部(bu)隊(dui)艦船(chuan)的類型(xing)和數量(liang)也有(you)相應的發展。60～70年(nian)代(dai)，導(dao)(dao)彈(dan)艦艇(ting)(ting)在局部(bu)戰爭中發揮了很大作用。70年(nian)代(dai)末，許多國家(jia)(jia)海(hai)軍的水面(mian)艦艇(ting)(ting)部(bu)隊(dui)逐(zhu)步(bu)實現武器導(dao)(dao)彈(dan)化。

中國(guo)自(zi)清朝同(tong)治(zhi)年間（1862～1874）開始(shi)(shi)建立近代(dai)海(hai)軍，至中華民(min)國(guo)時期，艦(jian)(jian)(jian)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)主要由水面艦(jian)(jian)(jian)艇(ting)(ting)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)組成。1949年4月(yue)中國(guo)人民(min)解放軍組建海(hai)軍部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)時，水面艦(jian)(jian)(jian)艇(ting)(ting)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)是(shi)當時唯(wei)一(yi)的(de)海(hai)上兵力。同(tong)年11月(yue)，組建護衛艦(jian)(jian)(jian)大隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)。此后，又陸(lu)續組建了登陸(lu)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)、掃雷艦(jian)(jian)(jian)、魚雷艇(ting)(ting)、獵(lie)潛艇(ting)(ting)、驅(qu)逐(zhu)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)等(deng)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)。至1955年底，水面艦(jian)(jian)(jian)艇(ting)(ting)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)的(de)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)艇(ting)(ting)種類(lei)逐(zhu)步齊全，體制編(bian)制基本成型，武器技(ji)術(shu)裝備(bei)也有改善。隨(sui)著(zhu)國(guo)家科(ke)學技(ji)術(shu)的(de)發(fa)展(zhan)、工業(ye)水平的(de)提高和(he)(he)經濟實力的(de)增強，20世(shi)紀60年代(dai)始(shi)(shi)，自(zi)行設計研制導彈(dan)艇(ting)(ting)、驅(qu)逐(zhu)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)、護衛艦(jian)(jian)(jian)、登陸(lu)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)等(deng)新(xin)型艦(jian)(jian)(jian)艇(ting)(ting)，艦(jian)(jian)(jian)艇(ting)(ting)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)有了迅速發(fa)展(zhan)。70年代(dai)起，組建一(yi)批導彈(dan)快艇(ting)(ting)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)和(he)(he)導彈(dan)驅(qu)逐(zhu)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)。80年代(dai)，重(zhong)點發(fa)展(zhan)護衛艦(jian)(jian)(jian)、驅(qu)逐(zhu)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)等(deng)戰斗艦(jian)(jian)(jian)艇(ting)(ting)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)，掃雷艦(jian)(jian)(jian)、布(bu)雷艦(jian)(jian)(jian)、獵(lie)潛艦(jian)(jian)(jian)等(deng)戰斗艦(jian)(jian)(jian)艇(ting)(ting)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)也有較大發(fa)展(zhan)。綜(zong)合補給(gei)船(chuan)、遠洋打撈救(jiu)生船(chuan)、遠洋拖船(chuan)、醫院船(chuan)等(deng)大型勤(qin)務保障艦(jian)(jian)(jian)船(chuan)陸(lu)續編(bian)配部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)。

2012年9月(yue)25日(ri)，“中國人(ren)(ren)民解(jie)放軍遼(liao)寧(ning)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)”交付人(ren)(ren)民解(jie)放軍，成(cheng)(cheng)為中國第一(yi)艘現(xian)代航空母(mu)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)。此后，各種(zhong)新(xin)型艦(jian)(jian)(jian)艇(ting)不斷列裝部隊(dui)，水面(mian)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)艇(ting)部隊(dui)的(de)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)種(zhong)構成(cheng)(cheng)進一(yi)步完善，增強了(le)整體(ti)作(zuo)戰能力，為執行遠洋任務提(ti)供了(le)條件。隨著信息技(ji)術(shu)、隱身技(ji)術(shu)等(deng)(deng)高(gao)新(xin)技(ji)術(shu)的(de)發展，單艦(jian)(jian)(jian)作(zuo)戰探測(ce)區(qu)域(yu)和武器使用能力得到極(ji)大擴充(chong)，水面(mian)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)艇(ting)部隊(dui)的(de)體(ti)制編(bian)制進一(yi)步完善，更加強調采取合成(cheng)(cheng)戰斗(dou)群的(de)編(bian)組形式(shi)，有的(de)還(huan)將(jiang)與潛艇(ting)部隊(dui)等(deng)(deng)組成(cheng)(cheng)相對固定的(de)特遣編(bian)隊(dui)，由臨時編(bian)組向(xiang)固定編(bian)組發展。

艦艇規模

種類編成

現代水面(mian)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)艇(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)部(bu)(bu)隊，各國艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)艇(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)種(zhong)類、編制規模差異很大(da)。有(you)的(de)國家海(hai)軍水面(mian)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)艇(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)部(bu)(bu)隊擁有(you)航(hang)空(kong)母艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)、戰列艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)、巡洋艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)、驅(qu)逐艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)、護(hu)衛(wei)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)等(deng)(deng)大(da)中型(xing)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)艇(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)，總數達(da)數百艘；有(you)的(de)國家海(hai)軍僅有(you)幾(ji)艘小型(xing)巡邏艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)艇(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)。戰斗(dou)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)艇(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)部(bu)(bu)隊，按艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)種(zhong)區分(fen)為(wei)航(hang)空(kong)母艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)、戰列艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)、巡洋艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)、驅(qu)逐艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)、護(hu)衛(wei)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)艇(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)、布(bu)雷(lei)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)艇(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)、掃雷(lei)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)艇(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)、登(deng)陸艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)艇(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)、獵(lie)潛艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)艇(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)、導彈艇(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)、魚雷(lei)艇(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)等(deng)(deng)部(bu)(bu)隊，主要(yao)遂行海(hai)上(shang)作戰任務(wu)。勤(qin)務(wu)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)船(chuan)(chuan)部(bu)(bu)隊，包括偵(zhen)察船(chuan)(chuan)、通信船(chuan)(chuan)、海(hai)道測量船(chuan)(chuan)、海(hai)洋調查船(chuan)(chuan)、拖船(chuan)(chuan)、工(gong)程(cheng)船(chuan)(chuan)、防(fang)險救(jiu)生船(chuan)(chuan)、破冰船(chuan)(chuan)、醫院(yuan)船(chuan)(chuan)、訓練艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)船(chuan)(chuan)、修理艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)船(chuan)(chuan)、補給艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)船(chuan)(chuan)、運輸艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)船(chuan)(chuan)及其他專用艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)船(chuan)(chuan)等(deng)(deng)部(bu)(bu)隊、分(fen)隊，負責海(hai)上(shang)戰斗(dou)保障(zhang)、技術保障(zhang)和后(hou)勤(qin)保障(zhang)等(deng)(deng)勤(qin)務(wu)。戰斗(dou)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)艇(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)編制員額一般是：大(da)型(xing)航(hang)空(kong)母艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)為(wei)5000—6000人(ren)，小型(xing)航(hang)空(kong)母艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)為(wei)1000—1500人(ren)；戰列艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)為(wei)1500余人(ren)，巡洋艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)為(wei)400—600人(ren)，重巡洋艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)超(chao)過1000人(ren)；驅(qu)逐艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)為(wei)200—400人(ren)；護(hu)衛(wei)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)為(wei)100—250人(ren)；小型(xing)巡邏艇(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)為(wei)10—60人(ren)。水面(mian)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)艇(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)部(bu)(bu)隊編組通常分(fen)為(wei)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)種(zhong)編組和任務(wu)編組。

艦種編組

也稱行(xing)政編(bian)組(zu)。是平(ping)時(shi)為(wei)便于對艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)艇(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)部(bu)(bu)(bu)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)進行(xing)管(guan)理(li)、訓練、補給和(he)(he)對艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)艇(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)進行(xing)維修(xiu)而采用的編(bian)組(zu)形式，一般由(you)(you)(you)技(ji)術(shu)戰(zhan)術(shu)性能相同或(huo)相近的艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)艇(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)編(bian)成(cheng)，編(bian)成(cheng)的部(bu)(bu)(bu)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)、分(fen)(fen)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)屬(shu)(shu)建制單位。美(mei)國海軍(jun)(jun)在太平(ping)洋、大(da)(da)(da)西洋艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)設(she)有水面(mian)(mian)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)艇(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)部(bu)(bu)(bu)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)司令(ling)部(bu)(bu)(bu)，統轄(xia)各水面(mian)(mian)部(bu)(bu)(bu)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)。其艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)種(zhong)編(bian)組(zu)分(fen)(fen)為(wei)大(da)(da)(da)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)或(huo)中(zhong)(zhong)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)，所轄(xia)兵力大(da)(da)(da)體(ti)固定。通(tong)常1個(ge)航空(kong)母艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)大(da)(da)(da)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)，由(you)(you)(you)1—2艘(sou)(sou)航空(kong)母艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)和(he)(he)其他作戰(zhan)、補給艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)只編(bian)成(cheng)；1個(ge)巡(xun)洋艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)、驅(qu)逐(zhu)(zhu)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)大(da)(da)(da)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)由(you)(you)(you)2—4艘(sou)(sou)巡(xun)洋艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)和(he)(he)2—4個(ge)驅(qu)逐(zhu)(zhu)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)中(zhong)(zhong)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)及(ji)數艘(sou)(sou)后勤船只編(bian)成(cheng)；驅(qu)逐(zhu)(zhu)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)、護(hu)衛艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)中(zhong)(zhong)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)為(wei)基本(ben)戰(zhan)術(shu)單位，由(you)(you)(you)4—6艘(sou)(sou)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)艇(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)編(bian)成(cheng)。俄羅(luo)斯海軍(jun)(jun)水面(mian)(mian)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)艇(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)部(bu)(bu)(bu)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)分(fen)(fen)為(wei)總隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)、支隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)和(he)(he)大(da)(da)(da)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)等(deng)。總隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)、支隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)分(fen)(fen)別隸(li)屬(shu)(shu)于區艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)、分(fen)(fen)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)和(he)(he)海軍(jun)(jun)基地。通(tong)常1個(ge)巡(xun)洋艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)總隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)由(you)(you)(you)3—6艘(sou)(sou)輕巡(xun)洋艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)編(bian)成(cheng)；1個(ge)驅(qu)逐(zhu)(zhu)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)支隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)由(you)(you)(you)2—3個(ge)大(da)(da)(da)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)編(bian)成(cheng)；1個(ge)驅(qu)逐(zhu)(zhu)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)大(da)(da)(da)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)編(bian)4艘(sou)(sou)驅(qu)逐(zhu)(zhu)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)；1個(ge)護(hu)衛艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)支隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)由(you)(you)(you)2—3個(ge)大(da)(da)(da)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)編(bian)成(cheng)；1個(ge)護(hu)衛艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)大(da)(da)(da)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)編(bian)6—12艘(sou)(sou)護(hu)衛艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)。印度(du)、巴基斯坦等(deng)國家(jia)海軍(jun)(jun)水面(mian)(mian)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)艇(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)部(bu)(bu)(bu)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)的艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)種(zhong)編(bian)組(zu)形式，多是在艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)下直轄(xia)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)艇(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)中(zhong)(zhong)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)或(huo)大(da)(da)(da)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)等(deng)。

任務編組

也稱(cheng)作戰編組。是遂行海上駐巡、作戰或(huo)其他任務(wu)(wu)時而采取的(de)(de)編組形(xing)式。由(you)不同艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)種編組的(de)(de)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)艇部隊(dui)(dui)分(fen)(fen)別(bie)派(pai)出(chu)單艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)或(huo)成建制(zhi)派(pai)出(chu)若干艘艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)艇編成混合編隊(dui)(dui)，一般無常設領導(dao)指揮機關和固定編制(zhi)，任務(wu)(wu)結束，即(ji)行歸(gui)建。美國海軍(jun)(jun)水面艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)艇部隊(dui)(dui)的(de)(de)任務(wu)(wu)編組區(qu)分(fen)(fen)為(wei)(wei)特(te)(te)混大(da)隊(dui)(dui)、特(te)(te)混小(xiao)隊(dui)(dui)、特(te)(te)混支隊(dui)(dui)。俄羅(luo)斯(si)海軍(jun)(jun)水面艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)艇部隊(dui)(dui)的(de)(de)任務(wu)(wu)編組，通常以航空母(mu)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)、導(dao)彈巡洋艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)或(huo)導(dao)彈驅逐(zhu)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)為(wei)(wei)核(he)心，并(bing)配有其他水面艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)艇為(wei)(wei)護衛兵力組成。印度(du)海軍(jun)(jun)的(de)(de)任務(wu)(wu)編組為(wei)(wei)特(te)(te)混艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)隊(dui)(dui)、特(te)(te)混大(da)隊(dui)(dui)和特(te)(te)混小(xiao)隊(dui)(dui)，特(te)(te)混艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)隊(dui)(dui)轄航空母(mu)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)、海上火力支援、海上攻擊和掃雷等(deng)4個特(te)(te)混大(da)隊(dui)(dui)，每個大(da)隊(dui)(dui)轄2個特(te)(te)混小(xiao)隊(dui)(dui)。

主要兵種

海(hai)(hai)軍中在水面遂行作戰任(ren)務(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)兵(bing)種，航空母艦、戰列艦、巡洋艦、驅逐艦、護衛(wei)艦艇(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)、布雷(lei)艦、掃(sao)雷(lei)艦艇(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)、登陸艦艇(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)、獵潛艇(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)、導彈艇(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)、魚雷(lei)艇(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)等戰斗艦艇(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)部(bu)(bu)隊(dui)(dui)和(he)勤(qin)務(wu)艦船部(bu)(bu)隊(dui)(dui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)總(zong)稱(cheng)。在有的(de)(de)(de)(de)國家簡稱(cheng)水面部(bu)(bu)隊(dui)(dui)。主要(yao)任(ren)務(wu)是攻擊敵方(fang)海(hai)(hai)上(shang)兵(bing)力和(he)岸(an)上(shang)目標，支援登陸和(he)抗登陸作戰，保(bao)護或破(po)壞海(hai)(hai)上(shang)交通(tong)線(xian)，進行海(hai)(hai)上(shang)封鎖和(he)反封鎖作戰等。通(tong)常按總(zong)隊(dui)(dui)、支隊(dui)(dui)、大隊(dui)(dui)、中隊(dui)(dui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)序列編(bian)制(zhi)，有的(de)(de)(de)(de)以(yi)支隊(dui)(dui)為最小(xiao)建制(zhi)單位。一般由技術戰術性能相同的(de)(de)(de)(de)艦艇(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)編(bian)成(cheng)，也可由技術戰術性能不同的(de)(de)(de)(de)艦艇(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)編(bian)成(cheng)。