石(shi)景山區蘊(yun)藏著眾多人文名勝。釋迦牟尼(ni)炅(gui)牙舍利(li)珍藏于靈(ling)光寺,國(guo)家重點保護文物明(ming)代壁畫精品的法海寺,八寶(bao)(bao)山革命公墓、明(ming)代宦(huan)官田(tian)義墓和寶(bao)(bao)勝仙橋(qiao)、萬(wan)善橋(qiao)、慈善寺、雙泉寺、承恩寺等均(jun)位于石(shi)景山區。
天(tian)(tian)泰(tai)山(shan)(shan)位于石景山(shan)(shan)區西(xi)北部,香山(shan)(shan)公園(yuan)西(xi)南。北至(zhi)海(hai)淀區掛甲塔,南至(zhi)雙(shuang)泉(quan)寺,西(xi)至(zhi)五府莊、潭峪,東至(zhi)南北馬場。主峰海(hai)拔430.8米。因主峰西(xi)有平臺一處,曰天(tian)(tian)臺,山(shan)(shan)因名天(tian)(tian)臺山(shan)(shan),亦作天(tian)(tian)太(tai)山(shan)(shan)、天(tian)(tian)泰(tai)山(shan)(shan)。天(tian)(tian)臺處有明清古剎慈善寺,亦稱天(tian)(tian)臺寺。舊時每年三月十八日(ri)開廟。寺內(nei)中路大悲殿正中原(yuan)供金漆木雕(diao)觀音像,兩旁有碧霞(xia)元君等8尊塑像,這種(zhong)佛、道共進一堂的現象,在京郊較為(wei)(wei)罕見。后殿供肉身坐化和尚(shang),俗稱魔王菩薩和尚(shang),相(xiang)傳即清世祖順(shun)治帝。民(min)國六年(1917年)、民(min)國十三年(1924年)馮(feng)玉祥兩次住在天(tian)(tian)泰(tai)山(shan)(shan)慈善寺,留下“勤儉為(wei)(wei)寶(bao)”、“真吃苦(ku)”、“耕讀”、“淡泊”等重要石刻(ke)。慈善寺為(wei)(wei)區級保護文(wen)物。
翠(cui)微山(shan)位于(yu)石景山(shan)區與海淀區交(jiao)界處。東南(nan)距市中心約20千米。海拔387米,為香峪(yu)大梁(liang)東南(nan)坡的山(shan)峰之(zhi)一,北(bei)與香山(shan)遙相(xiang)對應(ying)。山(shan)勢和緩,原名平(ping)坡山(shan),因唐建平(ping)坡寺(si)得名;明洪熙(xi)初年(1425年)改叫翠(cui)微山(shan)。南(nan)麓多古寺(si),長安寺(si)、靈光(guang)寺(si)、三山(shan)底、大悲(bei)寺(si)、龍王堂、香界寺(si)、寶(bao)珠洞、證果寺(si)等依山(shan)而建,合稱八大處,為京郊著名游(you)覽區。西南(nan)山(shan)麓還(huan)有明建法海寺(si)。
石景(jing)山(shan)位(wei)于石景(jing)山(shan)區(qu)西(xi)部。為西(xi)山(shan)山(shan)前(qian)的侵蝕殘丘(qiu),地勢和緩,海拔(ba)184米。歷史上為永定(ding)河河防要地。自元代(dai)以來(lai),在此修(xiu)(xiu)堤(di)防水(shui)。1949年以來(lai),先后在永定(ding)河上游修(xiu)(xiu)建了官廳水(shui)庫及(ji)引(yin)水(shui)渠。東南(nan)山(shan)麓(lu)一帶,建有石景(jing)山(shan)發電總廠和首都鋼鐵公司。
蓮(lian)花河發(fa)源于(yu)石景山(shan)(shan)區石槽,流(liu)經蓮(lian)花池。蓮(lian)花池以上稱(cheng)新(xin)(xin)開渠(qu)。原在(zai)鴨子橋入南護城河,1951年治理(li)后(hou)改(gai)在(zai)萬(wan)泉寺東(dong)入涼水(shui)河。全長(chang)4.2千米(mi),底寬16—20米(mi)。主(zhu)要支流(liu)有(you)新(xin)(xin)開渠(qu)、水(shui)衙溝。水(shui)源原主(zhu)要出自蓮(lian)花池泉水(shui),后(hou)被(bei)新(xin)(xin)開渠(qu)石景山(shan)(shan)工(gong)業廢水(shui)所代替(ti)。古稱(cheng)洗馬溝。
法(fa)海(hai)(hai)寺屬全國(guo)重點文物(wu)保護單位,坐落在(zai)京西(xi)翠微山南麓、駝鈴古道首驛模式口村。寺廟始建于明(ming)(ming)正統四年(nian)(1439年(nian)),四年(nian)后建成(1443年(nian)),明(ming)(ming)英宗朱(zhu)祁鎮(zhen)欽賜額曰“法(fa)海(hai)(hai)禪寺”。法(fa)海(hai)(hai)寺的(de)鎮(zhen)寺之寶(bao)是大雄(xiong)寶(bao)殿內保存完整(zheng)的(de)十鋪明(ming)(ming)代壁畫(hua),面積236.7平方米,由15位宮廷畫(hua)師精(jing)心繪制而成,堪(kan)稱中國(guo)明(ming)(ming)代壁畫(hua)之最,是元(yuan)明(ming)(ming)清以(yi)來現存少有的(de)宮廷畫(hua)師作(zuo)品,與敦煌、永樂宮壁畫(hua)相(xiang)比各(ge)有千秋。
石景山(shan)區(qu)是北(bei)京(jing)市轄區(qu)之一,位于(yu)北(bei)京(jing)市西部,東(dong)抵玉泉路,與(yu)海淀區(qu)相(xiang)(xiang)連;南至張(zhang)儀村,與(yu)豐臺區(qu)接壤;西瀕(bin)永(yong)定(ding)河,與(yu)門頭溝區(qu)相(xiang)(xiang)鄰;北(bei)倚克勤(qin)峪(曾稱薦(jian)福山(shan)),與(yu)海淀區(qu)搭界(jie)。介于(yu)北(bei)緯39°53′—39°59′,東(dong)經116°07′—116°14′之間,東(dong)西寬約(yue)(yue)12.25千(qian)(qian)米,南北(bei)長約(yue)(yue)13千(qian)(qian)米,總面積85.74千(qian)(qian)米。距天安門廣場16千(qian)(qian)米。
石景(jing)山(shan)(shan)區位于北京市城區西(xi)部,地(di)形西(xi)北高東南(nan)低。北部為連綿起伏的(de)山(shan)(shan)地(di),屬太行山(shan)(shan)北端余脈向平原(yuan)的(de)延伸(shen)部分,有克勤(qin)峪(曾稱薦福山(shan)(shan))、天(tian)泰山(shan)(shan)、翠(cui)微山(shan)(shan)、青龍山(shan)(shan)、虎頭山(shan)(shan)等山(shan)(shan)峰40余座。山(shan)(shan)區約占全(quan)區總面(mian)積的(de)三分之一。中部和南(nan)部為永定河沖積形成的(de)微傾(qing)斜平原(yuan),有海拔200米(mi)以下的(de)石景(jing)山(shan)(shan)、金頂山(shan)(shan)、老山(shan)(shan)、八寶山(shan)(shan)等殘丘橫亙其間(jian)。最高處(chu)為北部的(de)克勤(qin)峪,海拔797.6米(mi),最低處(chu)為東部石槽(cao)東南(nan)的(de)農(nong)田,海拔僅(jin)為58.1米(mi)。
石景山區屬暖溫(wen)帶半濕潤(run)半干旱大陸性季(ji)風氣候,四季(ji)分(fen)明。年(nian)平(ping)均降(jiang)水量573.11毫米,是(shi)華(hua)北(bei)地區降(jiang)水量較(jiao)多的地區之一。
前11世紀中葉,周(zhou)武王滅商,建立西周(zhou)王朝,封帝堯之后于薊(ji),都城薊(ji)在今北(bei)京市(shi)城區(qu)(qu)西南(nan)部;封召(zhao)公爽于燕,都城在今房(fang)山區(qu)(qu)董家林(lin)一帶。石(shi)景山地區(qu)(qu)屬(shu)薊(ji)國地。后薊(ji)國衰(shuai)落,約西周(zhou)末年被(bei)燕國兼(jian)并,燕遷都薊(ji)城。石(shi)景山地區(qu)(qu)屬(shu)燕國都邑地。
春秋(qiu)戰國(guo),燕王喜二十九年(前226年),秦(qin)兵攻占燕都薊城。
秦代(dai),秦始皇二十(shi)六年(前221年),秦廢(fei)止分封制(zhi)實行郡縣(xian)制(zhi),石(shi)景山(shan)地(di)區屬廣陽郡薊城薊縣(xian)地(di)。
西(xi)漢(han),漢(han)高祖元(yuan)(yuan)年(nian)(前(qian)206年(nian)),西(xi)漢(han)實行郡(jun)、國(guo)(guo)并立制度。石(shi)景(jing)(jing)山(shan)地(di)(di)區(qu)屬燕(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)國(guo)(guo)薊(ji)城地(di)(di)。元(yuan)(yuan)朔三年(nian)(前(qian)126年(nian)),漢(han)武(wu)帝廢(fei)燕(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)國(guo)(guo)置“燕(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)郡(jun)”。地(di)(di)屬燕(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)郡(jun)薊(ji)城地(di)(di)。元(yuan)(yuan)狩六(liu)年(nian)(前(qian)117年(nian)),封劉(liu)旦為(wei)燕(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)王(wang),燕(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)郡(jun)復稱(cheng)燕(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)國(guo)(guo)。元(yuan)(yuan)封五年(nian)(前(qian)106年(nian)),西(xi)漢(han)始(shi)設十三州部(bu)。石(shi)景(jing)(jing)山(shan)地(di)(di)區(qu)屬幽州燕(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)國(guo)(guo)薊(ji)城地(di)(di)。元(yuan)(yuan)鳳元(yuan)(yuan)年(nian)(前(qian)80年(nian)),燕(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)王(wang)劉(liu)旦謀(mou)反失敗自殺,改(gai)燕(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)國(guo)(guo)為(wei)“廣(guang)(guang)(guang)陽郡(jun)”。石(shi)景(jing)(jing)山(shan)地(di)(di)區(qu)屬廣(guang)(guang)(guang)陽郡(jun)薊(ji)城地(di)(di)。本始(shi)元(yuan)(yuan)年(nian)(前(qian)73年(nian)),改(gai)廣(guang)(guang)(guang)陽郡(jun)為(wei)“廣(guang)(guang)(guang)陽國(guo)(guo)”。地(di)(di)屬廣(guang)(guang)(guang)陽國(guo)(guo)薊(ji)城地(di)(di)。王(wang)莽新(xin)朝(chao)元(yuan)(yuan)年(nian)(9年(nian)),廢(fei)廣(guang)(guang)(guang)陽國(guo)(guo)設廣(guang)(guang)(guang)陽郡(jun)(曾改(gai)名廣(guang)(guang)(guang)有(you)(you))。石(shi)景(jing)(jing)山(shan)地(di)(di)區(qu)屬幽州廣(guang)(guang)(guang)有(you)(you)郡(jun)伐戎(rong)縣地(di)(di)。
東漢,形成州(zhou)(zhou)一郡(jun)(jun)(國)一縣(xian)(xian)三級政區(qu),建(jian)武二年(nian)(26年(nian)),復置廣陽(yang)(yang)國。地(di)屬(shu)廣陽(yang)(yang)國薊縣(xian)(xian)地(di)。建(jian)武十(shi)三年(nian)(37年(nian)),廢廣陽(yang)(yang)國并人上谷郡(jun)(jun)。地(di)屬(shu)上谷郡(jun)(jun)薊縣(xian)(xian)地(di)。永平八(ba)年(nian)(65年(nian)),恢復廣陽(yang)(yang)郡(jun)(jun)。建(jian)安(an)十(shi)八(ba)年(nian)(213年(nian)),幽州(zhou)(zhou)并人冀州(zhou)(zhou)。地(di)屬(shu)冀州(zhou)(zhou)廣陽(yang)(yang)郡(jun)(jun)薊縣(xian)(xian)地(di);不久,幽州(zhou)(zhou)復置。石景山地(di)區(qu)屬(shu)幽州(zhou)(zhou)廣陽(yang)(yang)郡(jun)(jun)薊縣(xian)(xian)地(di)。
魏晉南北朝時期,基(ji)本(ben)實(shi)行州(zhou)一郡一縣(xian)三級(ji)制(zhi)度(du),前后(hou)雖有幽州(zhou)燕(yan)郡、燕(yan)國(guo)等稱謂變(bian)化,石景山地(di)區始終為薊(ji)縣(xian)轄地(di)。
隋開(kai)皇元年(nian)(nian)(nian)(581年(nian)(nian)(nian)),隋取代北周,開(kai)皇三年(nian)(nian)(nian)(583年(nian)(nian)(nian)),實(shi)行州一(yi)縣二級(ji)制度,石景(jing)山地(di)(di)區(qu)屬(shu)幽(you)州薊縣地(di)(di)。大業三年(nian)(nian)(nian)(607年(nian)(nian)(nian)),廢幽(you)州置(zhi)“涿郡”。地(di)(di)屬(shu)涿郡薊縣地(di)(di)。
唐初,武德元(yuan)年(nian)(618年(nian)),廢涿郡(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun),復置幽(you)(you)(you)(you)州(zhou)(zhou)。貞觀元(yuan)年(nian)(627年(nian)),分全(quan)(quan)國(guo)為(wei)十(shi)道(dao)(dao)。石(shi)景(jing)山地(di)(di)(di)(di)區(qu)屬(shu)河北(bei)道(dao)(dao)幽(you)(you)(you)(you)州(zhou)(zhou)地(di)(di)(di)(di)。開元(yuan)二(er)(er)十(shi)一(yi)年(nian)(733年(nian)),增劃全(quan)(quan)國(guo)為(wei)十(shi)五道(dao)(dao),開始形(xing)成道(dao)(dao)一(yi)州(zhou)(zhou)一(yi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)三(san)(san)(san)級政區(qu)。地(di)(di)(di)(di)屬(shu)河北(bei)道(dao)(dao)幽(you)(you)(you)(you)州(zhou)(zhou)薊(ji)(ji)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)地(di)(di)(di)(di)。天(tian)寶元(yuan)年(nian)(742年(nian)),幽(you)(you)(you)(you)州(zhou)(zhou)改稱“范(fan)(fan)陽郡(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)”,析薊(ji)(ji)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)置廣(guang)(guang)平(ping)、廣(guang)(guang)寧二(er)(er)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)。地(di)(di)(di)(di)屬(shu)河北(bei)道(dao)(dao)范(fan)(fan)陽郡(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)廣(guang)(guang)平(ping)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)地(di)(di)(di)(di)。天(tian)寶三(san)(san)(san)年(nian)(744年(nian)),撤廣(guang)(guang)平(ping)、廣(guang)(guang)寧復并薊(ji)(ji)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)。至德元(yuan)年(nian)(756年(nian)),于薊(ji)(ji)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)西(xi)置廣(guang)(guang)平(ping)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)。乾元(yuan)元(yuan)年(nian)(758年(nian)),復改范(fan)(fan)陽郡(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)為(wei)幽(you)(you)(you)(you)州(zhou)(zhou)。石(shi)景(jing)山地(di)(di)(di)(di)區(qu)屬(shu)河北(bei)道(dao)(dao)幽(you)(you)(you)(you)州(zhou)(zhou)廣(guang)(guang)平(ping)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)地(di)(di)(di)(di)。大歷(li)三(san)(san)(san)年(nian)(768年(nian)),改幽(you)(you)(you)(you)州(zhou)(zhou)為(wei)“范(fan)(fan)陽府”,地(di)(di)(di)(di)屬(shu)范(fan)(fan)陽府廣(guang)(guang)平(ping)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)地(di)(di)(di)(di)。建中(zhong)二(er)(er)年(nian)(781年(nian)),設(she)幽(you)(you)(you)(you)都(dou)(dou)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)。地(di)(di)(di)(di)屬(shu)范(fan)(fan)陽府幽(you)(you)(you)(you)都(dou)(dou)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)地(di)(di)(di)(di)。唐末,廣(guang)(guang)平(ping)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)廢,后在幽(you)(you)(you)(you)州(zhou)(zhou)(唐代稱薊(ji)(ji)城(cheng)為(wei)幽(you)(you)(you)(you)州(zhou)(zhou))城(cheng)西(xi)設(she)玉河縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)。石(shi)景(jing)山地(di)(di)(di)(di)區(qu)屬(shu)范(fan)(fan)陽府幽(you)(you)(you)(you)都(dou)(dou)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、玉河縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)地(di)(di)(di)(di)。
五代時期,后(hou)晉天福元(yuan)年(936年),石敬(jing)瑭(tang)為報(bao)答契(qi)丹(dan)援立之(zhi)助,將幽云十(shi)六州割讓給契(qi)丹(dan)。石景山(shan)地區屬幽都縣、玉(yu)河縣地。
契丹(dan)天(tian)顯十(shi)一(yi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(936年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))末,契丹(dan)進(jin)占幽(you)云十(shi)六州。遼會(hui)同元(yuan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(938年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))十(shi)一(yi)月(yue),升(sheng)幽(you)州為(wei)(wei)(wei)“南(nan)(nan)(nan)京(jing)(jing)(jing)”,又稱燕(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)京(jing)(jing)(jing);設南(nan)(nan)(nan)京(jing)(jing)(jing)道(dao),同時改(gai)(gai)國號為(wei)(wei)(wei)“遼”。遼實行(xing)道(dao)一(yi)府(fu)(fu)(fu)一(yi)州一(yi)縣(xian)(xian)四級政區(qu),南(nan)(nan)(nan)京(jing)(jing)(jing)道(dao)下(xia)轄幽(you)都(dou)(dou)府(fu)(fu)(fu)。石景山(shan)地(di)(di)區(qu)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)南(nan)(nan)(nan)京(jing)(jing)(jing)道(dao)幽(you)都(dou)(dou)府(fu)(fu)(fu)幽(you)都(dou)(dou)縣(xian)(xian)、玉河縣(xian)(xian)地(di)(di)。開(kai)泰元(yuan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1012年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)),幽(you)都(dou)(dou)府(fu)(fu)(fu)改(gai)(gai)稱“析(xi)(xi)(xi)津(jin)府(fu)(fu)(fu)”,幽(you)都(dou)(dou)縣(xian)(xian)改(gai)(gai)稱“宛平(ping)縣(xian)(xian)”。地(di)(di)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)南(nan)(nan)(nan)京(jing)(jing)(jing)道(dao)析(xi)(xi)(xi)津(jin)府(fu)(fu)(fu)宛平(ping)縣(xian)(xian)、玉河縣(xian)(xian)地(di)(di)。金(jin)(jin)天(tian)輔六年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1122年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))底(di),金(jin)(jin)攻占南(nan)(nan)(nan)京(jing)(jing)(jing)。翌(yi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),宋宣和五年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1123年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))三(san)月(yue),北宋接(jie)管,改(gai)(gai)燕(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)京(jing)(jing)(jing)為(wei)(wei)(wei)“燕(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)山(shan)府(fu)(fu)(fu)”,析(xi)(xi)(xi)津(jin)府(fu)(fu)(fu)改(gai)(gai)為(wei)(wei)(wei)“燕(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)山(shan)府(fu)(fu)(fu)路(lu)”。石景山(shan)地(di)(di)區(qu)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)燕(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)山(shan)府(fu)(fu)(fu)燕(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)山(shan)府(fu)(fu)(fu)路(lu)宛平(ping)縣(xian)(xian)、玉河縣(xian)(xian)地(di)(di)。金(jin)(jin)天(tian)會(hui)三(san)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1125年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)底(di),金(jin)(jin)國奪占宋燕(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)山(shan)府(fu)(fu)(fu),恢復燕(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)京(jing)(jing)(jing)和析(xi)(xi)(xi)津(jin)府(fu)(fu)(fu),并(bing)置燕(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)京(jing)(jing)(jing)路(lu)。天(tian)眷元(yuan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1138年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)),廢玉河縣(xian)(xian),轄地(di)(di)并(bing)人宛平(ping)縣(xian)(xian)。石景山(shan)地(di)(di)區(qu)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)燕(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)京(jing)(jing)(jing)路(lu)析(xi)(xi)(xi)津(jin)府(fu)(fu)(fu)宛平(ping)縣(xian)(xian)地(di)(di)。天(tian)德三(san)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1151年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))四月(yue),海陵王(wang)下(xia)詔遷(qian)都(dou)(dou)燕(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)京(jing)(jing)(jing)。貞元(yuan)元(yuan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1153年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))三(san)月(yue),改(gai)(gai)燕(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)京(jing)(jing)(jing)為(wei)(wei)(wei)“中都(dou)(dou)”,析(xi)(xi)(xi)津(jin)府(fu)(fu)(fu)改(gai)(gai)為(wei)(wei)(wei)“永安府(fu)(fu)(fu)”(翌(yi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)又改(gai)(gai)為(wei)(wei)(wei)“大(da)興府(fu)(fu)(fu)”),燕(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)京(jing)(jing)(jing)路(lu)改(gai)(gai)稱“中都(dou)(dou)路(lu)”。石景山(shan)地(di)(di)區(qu)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)中都(dou)(dou)路(lu)大(da)興府(fu)(fu)(fu)宛平(ping)縣(xian)(xian)地(di)(di)。
成(cheng)吉思汗十年(nian)(1215年(nian)),蒙古軍攻占金中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)都(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou),將(jiang)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)都(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)改(gai)(gai)稱(cheng)燕京(jing),中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)都(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)路(lu)(lu)改(gai)(gai)稱(cheng)燕京(jing)路(lu)(lu)。石景(jing)山地(di)(di)區屬(shu)燕京(jing)路(lu)(lu)大興(xing)(xing)府(fu)宛(wan)平縣(xian)(xian)地(di)(di)。至(zhi)元(yuan)(yuan)元(yuan)(yuan)年(nian)(1264年(nian))八(ba)月,改(gai)(gai)燕京(jing)為中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)都(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou),燕京(jing)路(lu)(lu)改(gai)(gai)稱(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)都(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)路(lu)(lu)。地(di)(di)屬(shu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)都(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)路(lu)(lu)大興(xing)(xing)府(fu)宛(wan)平縣(xian)(xian)地(di)(di)。至(zhi)元(yuan)(yuan)八(ba)年(nian)(1271年(nian)),改(gai)(gai)國號為“元(yuan)(yuan)”。翌(yi)年(nian)二月,改(gai)(gai)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)都(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)為“大都(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)”,中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)都(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)路(lu)(lu)改(gai)(gai)稱(cheng)“大都(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)路(lu)(lu)”。石景(jing)山地(di)(di)區屬(shu)大都(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)路(lu)(lu)大興(xing)(xing)府(fu)宛(wan)平縣(xian)(xian)地(di)(di)。
明(ming)洪武元年(nian)(nian)(1368年(nian)(nian))八月(yue)(yue),明(ming)軍攻占大(da)都城,將(jiang)大(da)都路改為“北(bei)(bei)平(ping)(ping)府”,十月(yue)(yue),北(bei)(bei)平(ping)(ping)府隸(li)山東行(xing)(xing)省。翌年(nian)(nian)三月(yue)(yue),設北(bei)(bei)平(ping)(ping)行(xing)(xing)省,北(bei)(bei)平(ping)(ping)府隸(li)北(bei)(bei)平(ping)(ping)行(xing)(xing)省。石(shi)景(jing)山地(di)區屬(shu)北(bei)(bei)平(ping)(ping)行(xing)(xing)省北(bei)(bei)平(ping)(ping)府宛(wan)平(ping)(ping)縣地(di)。永樂元年(nian)(nian)(1403年(nian)(nian))正月(yue)(yue),改北(bei)(bei)平(ping)(ping)為“北(bei)(bei)京”。二月(yue)(yue),改北(bei)(bei)平(ping)(ping)府為“順天(tian)府”,地(di)屬(shu)順天(tian)府宛(wan)平(ping)(ping)縣地(di)。
清順治元年(1644年)五(wu)月,清軍攻占北京(jing)。石景山地區(qu)屬順天(tian)府宛(wan)平(ping)縣(xian)地。康熙二(er)十六年(1687年),在順天(tian)府轄域內設東、南、西、北四(si)路(lu)廳。石景山地區(qu)屬西路(lu)廳宛(wan)平(ping)縣(xian)地。
民(min)國(guo)元年(nian)(1912年(nian))1月(yue)1日(ri),中(zhong)華民(min)國(guo)臨(lin)(lin)時政府(fu)(fu)在(zai)(zai)(zai)南(nan)京(jing)成立,4月(yue)2日(ri),臨(lin)(lin)時參議院決定以北(bei)京(jing)為(wei)臨(lin)(lin)時政府(fu)(fu)所(suo)在(zai)(zai)(zai)地(di)。石景山地(di)區(qu)屬(shu)順(shun)天府(fu)(fu)宛(wan)平縣地(di)。中(zhong)華民(min)國(guo)三年(nian)(1914年(nian))10月(yue)5日(ri),順(shun)天府(fu)(fu)改稱“京(jing)兆(zhao)地(di)方(fang)”,地(di)屬(shu)京(jing)兆(zhao)地(di)方(fang)宛(wan)平縣。中(zhong)華民(min)國(guo)十四年(nian)(1925年(nian))1月(yue),京(jing)師警(jing)(jing)察(cha)廳在(zai)(zai)(zai)近郊(jiao)(jiao)設東(dong)、南(nan)、西(xi)、北(bei)郊(jiao)(jiao)四個(ge)警(jing)(jing)區(qu),石景山地(di)區(qu)歸西(xi)郊(jiao)(jiao)警(jing)(jing)署管理。
中(zhong)華(hua)民(min)(min)國(guo)(guo)(guo)十(shi)六年(nian)(1927年(nian))4月(yue)18日,南京(jing)國(guo)(guo)(guo)民(min)(min)政府(fu)成(cheng)立。當時,北(bei)洋政府(fu)仍(reng)設在北(bei)京(jing),統治北(bei)方地(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)。中(zhong)華(hua)民(min)(min)國(guo)(guo)(guo)十(shi)七年(nian)(1928年(nian))6月(yue)6日,北(bei)伐(fa)軍(jun)進占北(bei)京(jing)。6月(yue)21日,南京(jing)國(guo)(guo)(guo)民(min)(min)政府(fu)決(jue)定:直隸省改(gai)(gai)名“河(he)北(bei)省”,將原京(jing)兆地(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)各(ge)縣并入河(he)北(bei)省;北(bei)京(jing)改(gai)(gai)名為(wei)“北(bei)平(ping)”,設北(bei)平(ping)特(te)別(bie)(bie)市(shi)。10月(yue)30日,行政院確定北(bei)平(ping)特(te)別(bie)(bie)市(shi)區(qu)(qu)域,石景山(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)北(bei)部(bu)屬(shu)北(bei)平(ping)特(te)別(bie)(bie)市(shi)西郊區(qu)(qu),南部(bu)屬(shu)河(he)北(bei)省宛平(ping)縣地(di)(di)。12月(yue)19日,北(bei)平(ping)市(shi)政府(fu)設立市(shi)轄區(qu)(qu),將全(quan)市(shi)分(fen)為(wei)15個區(qu)(qu)。中(zhong)華(hua)民(min)(min)國(guo)(guo)(guo)二十(shi)年(nian)(1931年(nian))8月(yue),十(shi)三區(qu)(qu)(西郊區(qu)(qu))正式成(cheng)立。石景山(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)北(bei)部(bu)屬(shu)北(bei)平(ping)特(te)別(bie)(bie)市(shi)十(shi)三區(qu)(qu)、南部(bu)屬(shu)河(he)北(bei)省宛平(ping)縣地(di)(di)。
中華(hua)民國(guo)二(er)十(shi)六年(nian)(nian)(1937年(nian)(nian))7月(yue)29日(ri),日(ri)本侵略軍(jun)(jun)占領北(bei)(bei)(bei)平。12月(yue)14日(ri),日(ri)軍(jun)(jun)扶植的偽(wei)“中華(hua)民國(guo)臨時政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府”在(zai)北(bei)(bei)(bei)平成立(li)。翌(yi)年(nian)(nian)4月(yue)17日(ri)改北(bei)(bei)(bei)平為(wei)北(bei)(bei)(bei)京。民國(guo)二(er)十(shi)七年(nian)(nian)(1938年(nian)(nian))7月(yue),偽(wei)河北(bei)(bei)(bei)省公署劃全省為(wei)4個“道(dao)”,宛平縣分屬“津海道(dao)”;民國(guo)二(er)十(shi)九年(nian)(nian)(1940年(nian)(nian))6月(yue)改為(wei)8個道(dao),宛平縣分屬“燕京道(dao)”。民國(guo)二(er)十(shi)九年(nian)(nian)(1940年(nian)(nian))3月(yue)30日(ri),汪偽(wei)“國(guo)民政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府”成立(li),臨時政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府改組為(wei)“華(hua)北(bei)(bei)(bei)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)務(wu)委員會”。9月(yue),偽(wei)“公署”廢(fei)除以數字命名的市轄區(qu)為(wei)內、外城郊(jiao)排序,4個郊(jiao)區(qu)改稱東郊(jiao)、南(nan)郊(jiao)、西(xi)郊(jiao)、北(bei)(bei)(bei)郊(jiao)。石(shi)景山地區(qu)北(bei)(bei)(bei)部屬北(bei)(bei)(bei)京市西(xi)郊(jiao)區(qu)、南(nan)部屬河北(bei)(bei)(bei)省燕京道(dao)宛平縣地。
中華民(min)國(guo)三(san)(san)(san)十(shi)(shi)四年(nian)(nian)(1945年(nian)(nian))8月(yue)15日(ri),日(ri)本(ben)投降(jiang),各(ge)級偽政(zheng)權垮臺,北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)京(jing)恢(hui)復北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)平(ping)(ping)名稱。12月(yue)6日(ri),北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)平(ping)(ping)市(shi)(shi)政(zheng)府(fu)恢(hui)復以(yi)數字命(ming)名市(shi)(shi)轄(xia)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu),共16個(ge)(ge)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu),西(xi)郊(jiao)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)定名為(wei)“十(shi)(shi)五(wu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)”。石景(jing)山(shan)地區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)部屬北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)平(ping)(ping)市(shi)(shi)十(shi)(shi)五(wu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、南部屬河北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)省(sheng)宛平(ping)(ping)縣。中華民(min)國(guo)三(san)(san)(san)十(shi)(shi)五(wu)年(nian)(nian)(1946年(nian)(nian))5月(yue),北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)平(ping)(ping)市(shi)(shi)警察局將(jiang)4個(ge)(ge)郊(jiao)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)分(fen)局調整(zheng)為(wei)8個(ge)(ge),稱郊(jiao)一(yi)(yi)至(zhi)郊(jiao)八分(fen)局。中華民(min)國(guo)三(san)(san)(san)十(shi)(shi)六(liu)年(nian)(nian)(1947年(nian)(nian))3月(yue),北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)平(ping)(ping)市(shi)(shi)政(zheng)府(fu)將(jiang)十(shi)(shi)三(san)(san)(san)至(zhi)十(shi)(shi)六(liu)4個(ge)(ge)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)調整(zheng)為(wei)8個(ge)(ge)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu),稱十(shi)(shi)三(san)(san)(san)至(zhi)二十(shi)(shi)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu),石景(jing)山(shan)地區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)部屬十(shi)(shi)七區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu);當時,郊(jiao)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)各(ge)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)按警察分(fen)局的順序習(xi)稱為(wei)郊(jiao)一(yi)(yi)至(zhi)郊(jiao)八區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)。故石景(jing)山(shan)地區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)部屬北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)平(ping)(ping)市(shi)(shi)郊(jiao)五(wu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、南部屬河北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)省(sheng)宛平(ping)(ping)縣。
民(min)國(guo)(guo)三(san)十(shi)七(qi)年(nian)(1948年(nian))12月21日,中國(guo)(guo)人民(min)解放(fang)軍北(bei)(bei)平(ping)市軍事管制(zhi)委員會將石(shi)景(jing)山(shan)地(di)區劃(hua)為北(bei)(bei)平(ping)市;二十(shi)七(qi)區,為石(shi)景(jing)山(shan)區獨立建置之始。民(min)國(guo)(guo)三(san)十(shi)八(ba)年(nian)(1949年(nian))1月下旬(xun),北(bei)(bei)平(ping)市第(di)二十(shi)七(qi)區人民(min)政府成立,區政府設(she)在北(bei)(bei)辛安大街。5月,市政府批(pi)準,田村、模式口、高井、五里坨(tuo)、三(san)家(jia)店等地(di)劃(hua)歸二十(shi)七(qi)區管轄,轄區面積由31.25平(ping)方千米增加到99平(ping)方千米。
民(min)國三十八年(1949年)7月1日,北(bei)平(ping)市第(di)二十七區改(gai)稱北(bei)平(ping)市第(di)十九區,轄域不變。
1950年,北京(jing)市人民(min)政府(fu)決(jue)定自8月1日起,第(di)十九區改稱第(di)十五區,轄域不(bu)變(bian)。
1951年(nian)4月(yue)7日,根據北京(jing)市郊區(qu)委員會決定,第十(shi)三區(qu)(今海淀區(qu))所(suo)轄(xia)東(dong)楊坨村地區(qu)劃(hua)歸第十(shi)五(wu)區(qu)管(guan)轄(xia),轄(xia)區(qu)面積增加到(dao)124平(ping)方千米。
1952年8月(yue)27日,北京市(shi)人(ren)民(min)政府(fu)將第十(shi)五(wu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)所轄三(san)家店、東楊坨(tuo)、五(wu)里坨(tuo)、黑石(shi)頭(tou)等村(cun)劃歸(gui)京西礦區(qu)(qu)(qu)管轄,第十(shi)五(wu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)改(gai)稱石(shi)景山區(qu)(qu)(qu)。區(qu)(qu)(qu)政府(fu)設(she)在北辛安和平街3號。轄區(qu)(qu)(qu)面積61平方(fang)千米(mi)。
1954年5月(yue),北辛安鎮建置撤銷(xiao)。
1956年3月(yue)17日(ri),市政(zheng)府(fu)將京(jing)西礦區所轄五里(li)坨鄉(xiang)、黑(hei)石頭鄉(xiang)、高井鄉(xiang)和海淀區所轄八大處鄉(xiang)劃歸(gui)石景(jing)山區。
1958年5月3日,國務院批(pi)復同意撤銷石景山區(qu)(qu),原轄區(qu)(qu)大部并入豐臺區(qu)(qu),田村、西黃村鄉劃(hua)歸海淀區(qu)(qu),五里坨鄉劃(hua)歸門(men)頭(tou)溝區(qu)(qu)。
1963年7月(yue)8日(ri),北京市(shi)人委報(bao)經國務(wu)院批準,成立石景山,為市(shi)人委派出(chu)機構。
1967年8月(yue)7日,北京市革命委員會(hui)決定,石(shi)(shi)景山改名為(wei)石(shi)(shi)景山區,石(shi)(shi)景山中(zhong)蘇友好人民公(gong)社劃(hua)歸石(shi)(shi)景山區管轄。
1978年,區委、區革委會機關從北(bei)辛安和平街(jie)3號(hao)遷址石景山路35號(hao)。
1980年12月(yue)24日(ri)—29日(ri),石景山區(qu)第(di)七屆人民(min)代表大(da)會第(di)一次(ci)會議決定撤銷(xiao)區(qu)革命(ming)委員(yuan)會,恢復(fu)區(qu)人民(min)政府。
石景(jing)山區是緊(jin)密型縣域(yu)醫(yi)共體建設試點縣。
2016年,重新確認國家(jia)衛生區。
2018年,被評(ping)為(wei)健康城市建設示范市。
2020年(nian)3月4日,被工業和信息化(hua)部評定(ding)為(wei)國(guo)家新型工業化(hua)產(chan)業示范基地。
2020年7月29日,入選2019年重新(xin)確認(ren)國家衛生城(cheng)市(區)名單。
2020年10月20日,入選全國(guo)雙擁模(mo)范城(縣)名單。
2020年11月,入選第(di)三(san)批(pi)節(jie)水(shui)型社會(hui)建設(she)達標縣(區(qu))名(ming)單。
2021年1月(yue),入選中央文明(ming)辦(ban)2021—2023年創建周期(qi)全(quan)國文明(ming)城市(shi)提名(ming)城市(shi)名(ming)單。
2021年5月31日,入選第(di)四批國家公(gong)共文化服務體系示(shi)范區公(gong)示(shi)名單。
2021年9月2日,入(ru)選全國首批(pi)30個城(cheng)市(shi)一刻鐘便(bian)民生活圈試點地區(qu)。
2021年12月2日,平安(an)中國建設(she)協調小組辦(ban)公(gong)室公(gong)示為2017—2020年度平安(an)中國建設(she)示范(fan)市、縣擬(ni)授牌命(ming)名對(dui)象。
2021年(nian)12月31日,被全國愛衛(wei)辦表(biao)彰為“2020年(nian)度健康城市建(jian)設樣板市”。