譚(tan)鐘(zhong)麟(lin)(1822-1905),湖南(nan)茶陵人,清末(mo)政治(zhi)人物。是(shi)咸(xian)豐(feng)六年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1856年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))進(jin)士,年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)輕時曾游歷陜西(xi)(xi),對(dui)陜西(xi)(xi)的(de)(de)風土人情有所了解。同治(zhi)十(shi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1871年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)),由陜甘總(zong)督左宗棠奏準調(diao)入(ru)陜西(xi)(xi),出(chu)(chu)任陜西(xi)(xi)布政使,不(bu)久(jiu)便護理巡撫。來陜任職前,陜西(xi)(xi)曾發生回(hui)民(min)(min)起義,回(hui)漢矛(mao)盾尖銳,許多回(hui)民(min)(min)難以為生。他(ta)到(dao)任后,解除了不(bu)許回(hui)民(min)(min)出(chu)(chu)城(cheng)的(de)(de)禁令,并指示各府縣秉公(gong)處(chu)理回(hui)漢訴訟,贏得陜西(xi)(xi)回(hui)民(min)(min)贊譽。他(ta)重(zhong)(zhong)視教育,對(dui)建于明萬歷二十(shi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1592年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))、已有兩(liang)百(bai)余年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)歷史、當時卻幾近關(guan)(guan)閉的(de)(de)關(guan)(guan)中書院,下大(da)力(li)氣進(jin)行(xing)整頓,參(can)照(zhao)朱子白(bai)鹿洞書院的(de)(de)規章和課程(cheng)設置,修訂了關(guan)(guan)中書院的(de)(de)課程(cheng),并提出(chu)(chu)重(zhong)(zhong)躬行(xing)、講(jiang)經義、稽史事、通(tong)時務、嚴(yan)課程(cheng)五項辦學要求,使關(guan)(guan)中書院重(zhong)(zhong)新振興。他(ta)還注(zhu)重(zhong)(zhong)實業,督導興修水利,疏通(tong)白(bai)公(gong)渠;發放蠶(can)種紙,鼓勵百(bai)姓(xing)種桑養蠶(can),使陜西(xi)(xi)絲(si)織業大(da)興。光緒元(yuan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)三(san)月(yue)十(shi)五日(1875年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)4月(yue)20日)實授陜西(xi)(xi)巡撫,賞(shang)一品頂戴并賞(shang)頂戴花翎。三(san)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1877年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))陜西(xi)(xi)大(da)旱(han)。譚(tan)鐘(zhong)麟(lin)奏請緩征蒲城(cheng)、綏德等49廳州縣本年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)未征和舊欠錢糧(liang);急調(diao)各州縣社倉(cang)庫糧(liang)賑濟災(zai)民(min)(min);本省賑糧(liang)不(bu)敷,他(ta)通(tong)過朝廷向閩、粵海(hai)關(guan)(guan)借銀(yin),解決向外(wai)省購糧(liang)、運糧(liang)所需經費。賑災(zai)中,他(ta)嚴(yan)禁囤積居奇,嚴(yan)懲肥(fei)私官吏,使災(zai)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)平(ping)穩渡(du)過。
光緒五(wu)年(1879年)秋調任(ren)浙江巡(xun)撫(fu),加兵部尚書(shu)銜(xian)。他(ta)派人(ren)清查土地,核實漕平(ping),更定厘(li)稅,治(zhi)浚河道,鼓勵商運(yun),修筑炮臺(tai),重建文瀾(lan)閣并珍(zhen)藏乾隆帝賜予的(de)“四(si)庫全書(shu)”,名震一方。兩年后,調任(ren)陜(shan)甘(gan)(gan)總督(du)。為準(zhun)備新(xin)疆(jiang)(jiang)建立行省,他(ta)于八年(1882年)曾奏請在新(xin)疆(jiang)(jiang)南(nan)路設置丞(cheng)倅牧(mu)令道員;十(shi)(shi)年(1884年)新(xin)疆(jiang)(jiang)正式(shi)建省后,他(ta)為改變每年向新(xin)疆(jiang)(jiang)調運(yun)糧餉(xiang)征(zheng)用大(da)批民(min)車的(de)做法,專設官(guan)車局,減(jian)輕(qing)了百姓負擔。為解決鹽(yan)販(fan)哄抬鹽(yan)價問(wen)題,他(ta)制訂就(jiu)(jiu)場(chang)征(zheng)課(ke)法,使食鹽(yan)價格下降。還在蘭州(zhou)創(chuang)建求(qiu)古書(shu)院,在甘(gan)(gan)州(zhou)(今甘(gan)(gan)肅(su)張掖)創(chuang)建河西精(jing)舍(she),選拔文人(ren)學者著書(shu)講學。十(shi)(shi)一年(1885年)中(zhong)法戰爭爆發(fa)(fa)。他(ta)上奏朝廷,請求(qiu)率軍迎敵,未允。十(shi)(shi)四(si)年(1888年)黃河決口(kou),主(zhu)動籌集60萬(wan)兩白銀(yin)援助河南(nan)修堤、賑災。任(ren)陜(shan)甘(gan)(gan)總督(du)六年半,陜(shan)甘(gan)(gan)文化和經(jing)濟(ji)均(jun)有發(fa)(fa)展,庫儲銀(yin)百余萬(wan)兩,各州(zhou)縣積谷數百萬(wan)石,比他(ta)就(jiu)(jiu)任(ren)時增長十(shi)(shi)倍以上。同年(1888年)以目疾開缺回籍養病。
十七年(nian)(nian)(1891年(nian)(nian))春奉旨(zhi)入京,以尚書銜補吏部左侍(shi)郎(lang)(lang),后歷任戶部左侍(shi)郎(lang)(lang)、工部尚書、閩(min)浙總(zong)(zong)(zong)督、四川總(zong)(zong)(zong)督等職。二(er)十年(nian)(nian)(1894年(nian)(nian))加賞太子少(shao)保(bao)銜。二(er)十一年(nian)(nian)(1895年(nian)(nian))春調任兩(liang)廣總(zong)(zong)(zong)督,殘酷鎮壓了孫(sun)中(zhong)山領導的乙未廣州起義(yi)。二(er)十五年(nian)(nian) (1899年(nian)(nian)),上諭令譚鐘麟赴北京覲見,次(ci)年(nian)(nian)李鴻章實授兩(liang)廣總(zong)(zong)(zong)督。三十一年(nian)(nian)(1905年(nian)(nian)),譚鐘麟逝世,終年(nian)(nian)83歲,謚文(wen)勤。