草蛉(ling)是(shi)(shi)昆(kun)蟲綱(gang)脈翅目(mu)中的(de)(de)(de)一個(ge)大科，種類(lei)(lei)繁多(duo)，在我國(guo)大部分(fen)地區均有分(fen)布(bu)，是(shi)(shi)松(song)蚜、柳蚜、桃蚜、梨蚜等各類(lei)(lei)蚜蟲及松(song)干蚧的(de)(de)(de)重要(yao)天敵昆(kun)蟲，對(dui)森林苗圃果園農田(tian)中的(de)(de)(de)蚜蟲蚧殼蟲種群數(shu)量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)消長起著有效的(de)(de)(de)抑制(zhi)作(zuo)用。目(mu)前國(guo)內外生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)防治工作(zuo)者(zhe)對(dui)草蛉(ling)的(de)(de)(de)種類(lei)(lei)、生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)學特(te)征及其保護利用展開了(le)廣(guang)泛的(de)(de)(de)研究(jiu)。
草(cao)蛉(ling)分布廣泛，具有明(ming)顯的(de)地域(yu)性。由南(nan)向(xiang)北(bei)熱(re)(re)帶(dai)種(zhong)類(lei)(lei)(lei)遞(di)減，北(bei)方(fang)種(zhong)類(lei)(lei)(lei)明(ming)顯增多，并(bing)且北(bei)方(fang)種(zhong)類(lei)(lei)(lei)有明(ming)顯地向(xiang)南(nan)擴(kuo)散的(de)趨勢。在(zai)東部季風(feng)環流(liu)區(qu)，主要分布著熱(re)(re)帶(dai)種(zhong)類(lei)(lei)(lei)、古北(bei)區(qu)與(yu)東洋區(qu)的(de)過渡種(zhong)類(lei)(lei)(lei)；在(zai)西北(bei)干(gan)旱區(qu)，以古北(bei)區(qu)種(zhong)類(lei)(lei)(lei)為主。在(zai)青藏(zang)高原地區(qu)存在(zai)著一些(xie)特殊類(lei)(lei)(lei)群，如(ru)多階草(cao)蛉(ling)等。
絹草蛉(ling)屬(Ankylopteryx）主要(yao)分布在江西(xi)、湖北(bei)(bei)、湖南(nan)(nan)(nan)、福(fu)建、臺灣(wan)(wan)、廣東(dong)、海南(nan)(nan)(nan)、廣西(xi)、四川(chuan)、貴州、云南(nan)(nan)(nan)。飾(shi)草蛉(ling)屬(Semachrysa）分別分布于陜西(xi)、海南(nan)(nan)(nan)、臺灣(wan)(wan)、廣西(xi)、云南(nan)(nan)(nan)和西(xi)藏等地。草蛉(ling)屬(Chrysopa）主要(yao)集中在北(bei)(bei)方地區，優勢(shi)種也比較多(duo)，如麗草蛉(ling)、葉(xie)色草蛉(ling)、大草蛉(ling)及多(duo)斑草蛉(ling)。
在(zai)不同地域(yu)有(you)不同的優(you)勢(shi)種(zhong)草蛉(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)。北方棉區(qu)的優(you)勢(shi)種(zhong)草蛉(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)主要有(you)中華草蛉(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)、大(da)(da)(da)草蛉(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)、麗(li)草蛉(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)、葉色(se)草蛉(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)、晉草蛉(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)和(he)(he)普通草蛉(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)等種(zhong)類(lei)。在(zai)南昌地區(qu)常見的草蛉(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)種(zhong)類(lei)主要有(you)大(da)(da)(da)草蛉(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)、中華草蛉(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)、普通草蛉(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)、松氏通草蛉(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)等；在(zai)棉田(tian)和(he)(he)玉(yu)米(mi)地以(yi)(yi)大(da)(da)(da)草蛉(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)和(he)(he)中華草蛉(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)為主，桃、梨、柑桔等果樹上則以(yi)(yi)普通草蛉(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)較多，大(da)(da)(da)草蛉(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)和(he)(he)中華草蛉(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)次之；蔬菜地則大(da)(da)(da)草蛉(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)和(he)(he)中華草蛉(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)較多。云南省常見草蛉(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)種(zhong)類(lei)有(you)大(da)(da)(da)草蛉(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)、中華草蛉(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)和(he)(he)麗(li)草蛉(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)，在(zai)煙草田(tian)以(yi)(yi)大(da)(da)(da)草蛉(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)數量較多，中華草蛉(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)和(he)(he)麗(li)草蛉(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)的數量較少。
卵：橢圓形，長徑(jing)1mm左(zuo)右，一般多呈綠色或草綠色，卵的(de)基部有(you)一根富有(you)彈形的(de)絲(si)柄，以絲(si)柄附著于植物的(de)枝條葉片和樹皮上。
幼蟲：多呈紡錘形，體(ti)色(se)通常(chang)為黃褐(he)(he)色(se)，灰褐(he)(he)色(se)或赤褐(he)(he)色(se)。頭上(shang)有黑褐(he)(he)色(se)斑(ban)紋，口器為一對強大彎管，前口式，胸部各節生有大小(xiao)不同的(de)毛瘤。有發達的(de)胸足三對，幼蟲行動活潑。
蛹：裸蛹，黃綠色(se)，橢圓形，長12mm左右(you)，卷(juan)曲在(zai)白色(se)絲(si)質繭中。
成蟲(chong)：體形中(zhong)等(deng)、細長、柔弱，一(yi)般蟲(chong)體和(he)翅(chi)脈多(duo)為綠色(se)。咀(ju)嚼式口器。觸角(jiao)(jiao)細長。呈線(xian)狀。復(fu)眼發達，有金(jin)屬光澤。頭(tou)部常見黑(hei)褐色(se)斑(ban)(ban)紋，區分(fen)為唇基斑(ban)(ban)、頰斑(ban)(ban)、中(zhong)斑(ban)(ban)、角(jiao)(jiao)上(shang)斑(ban)(ban)、角(jiao)(jiao)下斑(ban)(ban)和(he)后頭(tou)斑(ban)(ban)，頭(tou)斑(ban)(ban)的數量(liang)和(he)位置是分(fen)種的特征(zheng)。翅(chi)二(er)對，膜(mo)質透明，前(qian)后翅(chi)的形狀及脈紋相(xiang)似，脈紋細而多(duo)呈網狀，在邊緣分(fen)叉(cha)。
草(cao)(cao)蛉(ling)幼(you)(you)(you)蟲(chong)期共(gong)3齡，可(ke)捕食(shi)(shi)蚜(ya)蟲(chong)、介(jie)殼蟲(chong)、木虱(shi)、粉虱(shi)等昆(kun)蟲(chong)，捕食(shi)(shi)多種(zhong)昆(kun)蟲(chong)的(de)(de)卵和(he)蛾類的(de)(de)幼(you)(you)(you)蟲(chong)，還可(ke)捕食(shi)(shi)昆(kun)蟲(chong)排(pai)泄的(de)(de)蜜露、植物(wu)蜜腺的(de)(de)分泌物(wu)和(he)花粉。草(cao)(cao)蛉(ling)幼(you)(you)(you)蟲(chong)有自相(xiang)殘殺(sha)(sha)的(de)(de)習性，在食(shi)(shi)料不足(zu)情況下(xia)，自相(xiang)殘殺(sha)(sha)的(de)(de)習性表現得(de)更(geng)為(wei)嚴重。處在狹小的(de)(de)空(kong)間里草(cao)(cao)蛉(ling)幼(you)(you)(you)蟲(chong)之間會(hui)(hui)有較(jiao)強的(de)(de)相(xiang)互(hu)干擾和(he)競爭作用。在同一環境下(xia)，1頭(tou)(tou)葉色草(cao)(cao)蛉(ling)2齡幼(you)(you)(you)蟲(chong)的(de)(de)可(ke)捕食(shi)(shi)棉蚜(ya)39.5頭(tou)(tou)，而2 頭(tou)(tou)幼(you)(you)(you)蟲(chong)的(de)(de)捕食(shi)(shi)量僅為(wei)60.5頭(tou)(tou)。在食(shi)(shi)物(wu)充足(zu)的(de)(de)情況下(xia)，2種(zhong)幼(you)(you)(you)蟲(chong)共(gong)存的(de)(de)機會(hui)(hui)較(jiao)多，如果食(shi)(shi)物(wu)不足(zu)，會(hui)(hui)發生相(xiang)互(hu)殘殺(sha)(sha)的(de)(de)現象。
草蛉(ling)(ling)(ling)的(de)成(cheng)(cheng)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)羽化(hua)后，必須補充營養(yang)方可產(chan)卵(luan)(luan)，主要取食花粉、花蜜和(he)(he)多種(zhong)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)卵(luan)(luan)。人工飼(si)養(yang)時，若(ruo)食料不(bu)足，或密(mi)度(du)過大(da)時，成(cheng)(cheng)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)有(you)(you)取食自(zi)產(chan)卵(luan)(luan)的(de)習性(xing)(xing)，在饑(ji)餓時大(da)草蛉(ling)(ling)(ling)成(cheng)(cheng)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)會(hui)咬食同(tong)種(zhong)其他成(cheng)(cheng)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)。草蛉(ling)(ling)(ling)的(de)產(chan)卵(luan)(luan)前期(qi)因種(zhong)類(lei)不(bu)同(tong)而(er)有(you)(you)差異，大(da)草蛉(ling)(ling)(ling)一(yi)(yi)般(ban)為8~10d，中華(hua)(hua)草蛉(ling)(ling)(ling)為4~6d，普(pu)通(tong)草蛉(ling)(ling)(ling)為5~7d，松(song)(song)氏通(tong)草蛉(ling)(ling)(ling)為7~8d。成(cheng)(cheng)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)壽命長，大(da)草蛉(ling)(ling)(ling)一(yi)(yi)般(ban)30~45d，越冬代成(cheng)(cheng)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)有(you)(you)的(de)可達88d之(zhi)久，中華(hua)(hua)草蛉(ling)(ling)(ling)30~35d，普(pu)通(tong)草蛉(ling)(ling)(ling)25~30d，松(song)(song)氏通(tong)草蛉(ling)(ling)(ling)28~39d。成(cheng)(cheng)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)的(de)產(chan)卵(luan)(luan)量(liang)因種(zhong)類(lei)不(bu)同(tong)而(er)異，據(ju)室內(nei)飼(si)養(yang)觀察大(da)草蛉(ling)(ling)(ling)產(chan)卵(luan)(luan)量(liang)最(zui)高(gao)，中華(hua)(hua)草蛉(ling)(ling)(ling)和(he)(he)松(song)(song)氏通(tong)草蛉(ling)(ling)(ling)次之(zhi)，普(pu)通(tong)草蛉(ling)(ling)(ling)最(zui)少。成(cheng)(cheng)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)有(you)(you)趨(qu)光(guang)性(xing)(xing)和(he)(he)趨(qu)青性(xing)(xing)。
草蛉幼(you)蟲因有相互(hu)殘(can)殺的(de)習性，在人工(gong)飼(si)(si)養(yang)的(de)容器內(nei)一(yi)般放有隔(ge)離物(wu)，減少(shao)幼(you)蟲間的(de)相互(hu)接觸和(he)殘(can)殺。草蛉的(de)人工(gong)飼(si)(si)養(yang)飼(si)(si)料(liao)(liao)，可以(yi)(yi)選(xuan)用米(mi)蛾卵或人工(gong)配(pei)(pei)制(zhi)的(de)粉飼(si)(si)料(liao)(liao)如發面(mian)干粉、蜂(feng)蜜、蔗(zhe)糖等。Vanderzant報道了普通草嶺幼(you)蟲的(de)液體飼(si)(si)料(liao)(liao)，以(yi)(yi)酪蛋白(bai)水(shui)解液和(he)大豆水(shui)解液為主，后來(lai)對配(pei)(pei)方(fang)進行(xing)了一(yi)系列改進，并對該飼(si)(si)料(liao)(liao)的(de)營養(yang)學方(fang)面(mian)進行(xing)了分析。啤酒酵母水(shui)解物(wu)、酪蛋白(bai)水(shui)解物(wu)和(he)雞蛋黃配(pei)(pei)成(cheng)的(de)液體飼(si)(si)料(liao)(liao)為另一(yi)種(zhong)飼(si)(si)料(liao)(liao)。
飼養(yang)(yang)成(cheng)(cheng)蟲(chong)(chong)時(shi)，先集中(zhong)用15%蜂蜜水(shui)飼養(yang)(yang)4~5d，待成(cheng)(cheng)熟(shu)和(he)交(jiao)尾后，再(zai)移入產卵(luan)(luan)(luan)(luan)(luan)(luan)盒中(zhong)，讓其(qi)產卵(luan)(luan)(luan)(luan)(luan)(luan)。用啤酒酵(jiao)母(mu)—蔗(zhe)糖(tang)干粉(fen)飼料(liao)飼養(yang)(yang)大草(cao)蛉成(cheng)(cheng)蟲(chong)(chong)，能夠產卵(luan)(luan)(luan)(luan)(luan)(luan)，成(cheng)(cheng)蟲(chong)(chong)的(de)成(cheng)(cheng)活率(lv)與(yu)以蚜蟲(chong)(chong)飼養(yang)(yang)的(de)成(cheng)(cheng)活率(lv)相比(bi)差異(yi)不顯(xian)(xian)(xian)著(zhu)(zhu)；與(yu)粉(fen)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)飼料(liao)飼養(yang)(yang)大草(cao)蛉相比(bi)，用啤酒酵(jiao)母(mu)—蔗(zhe)糖(tang)半(ban)固體狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)飼料(liao)飼養(yang)(yang)的(de)大草(cao)蛉產卵(luan)(luan)(luan)(luan)(luan)(luan)前期(qi)、產卵(luan)(luan)(luan)(luan)(luan)(luan)期(qi)、產卵(luan)(luan)(luan)(luan)(luan)(luan)量等(deng)方面都有(you)顯(xian)(xian)(xian)著(zhu)(zhu)改善，啤酒酵(jiao)母(mu)—蔗(zhe)糖(tang)半(ban)固體狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)飼料(liao)中(zhong)添加酵(jiao)母(mu)水(shui)解物后，成(cheng)(cheng)蟲(chong)(chong)產卵(luan)(luan)(luan)(luan)(luan)(luan)前期(qi)有(you)所(suo)縮(suo)短、產卵(luan)(luan)(luan)(luan)(luan)(luan)量和(he)所(suo)產卵(luan)(luan)(luan)(luan)(luan)(luan)的(de)受精率(lv)提高、平均(jun)產卵(luan)(luan)(luan)(luan)(luan)(luan)期(qi)顯(xian)(xian)(xian)著(zhu)(zhu)延長，卵(luan)(luan)(luan)(luan)(luan)(luan)的(de)孵化率(lv)明(ming)顯(xian)(xian)(xian)提高，與(yu)用蚜蟲(chong)(chong)飼養(yang)(yang)的(de)大草(cao)蛉相比(bi)差異(yi)不顯(xian)(xian)(xian)著(zhu)(zhu)。由于成(cheng)(cheng)蟲(chong)(chong)會(hui)取(qu)(qu)食(shi)自產卵(luan)(luan)(luan)(luan)(luan)(luan)，所(suo)以要經(jing)常檢查產卵(luan)(luan)(luan)(luan)(luan)(luan)盒，發現有(you)卵(luan)(luan)(luan)(luan)(luan)(luan)的(de)產卵(luan)(luan)(luan)(luan)(luan)(luan)箔要及時(shi)取(qu)(qu)出，一(yi)般1d取(qu)(qu)1次(ci)，產卵(luan)(luan)(luan)(luan)(luan)(luan)盛期(qi)1d取(qu)(qu)2次(ci)。取(qu)(qu)下的(de)卵(luan)(luan)(luan)(luan)(luan)(luan)箔按產卵(luan)(luan)(luan)(luan)(luan)(luan)日(ri)期(qi)集中(zhong)一(yi)起(qi)，或繼(ji)續飼養(yang)(yang)，或冷(leng)藏保存備用。
1975年開(kai)始試驗用中華草(cao)蛉(ling)(ling)防治果樹(shu)紅蜘蛛為(wei)害，不(bu)斷地進行室內人工飼養和(he)野外(wai)釋放工作，至1977年將(jiang)防治面積擴大(da)到90余公頃。通過釋放草(cao)蛉(ling)(ling)卵，有效地控(kong)制(zhi)了(le)(le)果樹(shu)紅蜘蛛的為(wei)害，不(bu)但減少了(le)(le)農藥使用次數(shu)，節省(sheng)了(le)(le)開(kai)支和(he)勞力，而(er)且提高了(le)(le)防治效果和(he)減少了(le)(le)對環(huan)境的污染。
草蛉(ling)適于在野(ye)外進行人(ren)工釋放，在溫(wen)室(shi)和暖棚內，同樣有著明顯的(de)(de)(de)治(zhi)蟲(chong)效(xiao)果。例如1977年，在北京四季青公(gong)社試驗站，利(li)用人(ren)工飼養的(de)(de)(de)中華草蛉(ling)防治(zhi)溫(wen)室(shi)內為害黃瓜的(de)(de)(de)瓜白粉虱，取得了良好防治(zhi)效(xiao)果。
草蛉能(neng)有效地消滅很多種(zhong)類的農業(ye)害蟲(chong)，是一類重要的天敵昆蟲(chong)，開展對該物種(zhong)的人工繁殖、飼(si)養工作早(zao)被提到日程(cheng)上來。有計劃地把人工伺養的草蛉釋放到田間，達到消滅害蟲(chong)的目(mu)的，更(geng)是成(cheng)果輝煌。
中(zhong)國(guo)河南(nan)省某地，曾在棉田中(zhong)釋放(fang)草蛉防治棉鈴蟲，四五天便使棉鈴蟲的卵和幼蟲減退了80%。
21世紀(ji)初，草(cao)蛉作為天敵(di)昆蟲的(de)研究，仍在(zai)各(ge)地不(bu)斷(duan)地開展，在(zai)技術方法(fa)上和滅(mie)蟲效(xiao)果上都不(bu)斷(duan)地取(qu)得了(le)新的(de)成果。
草(cao)蛉(ling)是全(quan)變態昆蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)，一(yi)生(sheng)中(zhong)有(you)卵、幼(you)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)、蛹和成(cheng)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)四(si)種(zhong)不(bu)(bu)(bu)同的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)形態，在(zai)(zai)(zai)卵期(qi)(qi)(qi)和蛹期(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)草(cao)蛉(ling)不(bu)(bu)(bu)能取(qu)食(shi)，捕(bu)食(shi)主(zhu)要(yao)是在(zai)(zai)(zai)幼(you)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)和成(cheng)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)時期(qi)(qi)(qi)，其中(zhong)尤以幼(you)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)期(qi)(qi)(qi)捕(bu)食(shi)量大，是消(xiao)滅(mie)害(hai)(hai)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)要(yao)時期(qi)(qi)(qi)。草(cao)蛉(ling)幼(you)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)長得丑陋，捕(bu)食(shi)兇猛，人們把(ba)幼(you)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)期(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)草(cao)蛉(ling)又(you)叫做蚜(ya)獅(shi)。蚜(ya)獅(shi)十(shi)分活躍(yue)，雖然沒有(you)翅膀，不(bu)(bu)(bu)能隨(sui)意(yi)飛翔，但卻能不(bu)(bu)(bu)停地在(zai)(zai)(zai)植物上(shang)爬行，到處(chu)尋找害(hai)(hai)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)捕(bu)食(shi)。蚜(ya)獅(shi)捕(bu)食(shi)害(hai)(hai)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)或蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)卵，主(zhu)要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)武(wu)器是生(sheng)在(zai)(zai)(zai)頭(tou)前方的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)上(shang)、下(xia)顎(e)，每當其發現目(mu)標后(hou)，會張開上(shang)、下(xia)顎(e)，把(ba)目(mu)標緊緊地夾住。上(shang)、下(xia)顎(e)上(shang)生(sheng)有(you)可以使消(xiao)化液流(liu)到害(hai)(hai)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)體上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)細溝(gou)，能溶解(jie)害(hai)(hai)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)身(shen)體的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)液體順著顎(e)上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)細溝(gou)流(liu)到害(hai)(hai)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)體上(shang)，害(hai)(hai)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)身(shen)體的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)組(zu)織會被(bei)溶解(jie)，而溶解(jie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)液體又(you)馬上(shang)被(bei)蚜(ya)獅(shi)吸(xi)到肚子里。如(ru)此，一(yi)頭(tou)害(hai)(hai)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)最后(hou)只剩下(xia)了(le)一(yi)張空(kong)(kong)殼。每頭(tou)蚜(ya)獅(shi)一(yi)天可以吸(xi)食(shi)百十(shi)頭(tou)蚜(ya)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)。有(you)趣(qu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是有(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)種(zhong)類象亞非草(cao)蛉(ling)等，每當把(ba)害(hai)(hai)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)吃盡吸(xi)光后(hou)，還把(ba)吸(xi)空(kong)(kong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)害(hai)(hai)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)體殼背在(zai)(zai)(zai)背上(shang)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)停地行走。據統計，一(yi)頭(tou)蚜(ya)獅(shi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)整個幼(you)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)期(qi)(qi)(qi)消(xiao)滅(mie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)蚜(ya)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)平均可在(zai)(zai)(zai)七八百頭(tou)以上(shang)！
草(cao)蛉(ling)是(shi)多(duo)食(shi)(shi)性(xing)昆蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)，除捕(bu)食(shi)(shi)多(duo)種軟體的(de)(de)(de)昆蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)和螨類外，也(ye)取食(shi)(shi)昆蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)排出的(de)(de)(de)蜜露(lu)、植物蜜腺的(de)(de)(de)分泌物和花粉等(deng)。所(suo)捕(bu)食(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)昆蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)包(bao)括同(tong)翅(chi)(chi)目(蚜蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)、介(jie)殼蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)、粉虱、木虱、葉蟬(chan)等(deng))，纓翅(chi)(chi)目(薊馬(ma))，鱗翅(chi)(chi)目(蝶和蛾類的(de)(de)(de)卵(luan)和小幼(you)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong))，鞘(qiao)翅(chi)(chi)目(葉甲(jia)等(deng)甲(jia)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)的(de)(de)(de)卵(luan)和幼(you)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong))，膜(mo)翅(chi)(chi)目(葉蜂的(de)(de)(de)卵(luan))等(deng)許多(duo)重要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)農林害蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)。但也(ye)捕(bu)食(shi)(shi)一小部(bu)分益蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)，如雙翅(chi)(chi)目的(de)(de)(de)食(shi)(shi)蚜蠅(卵(luan)和幼(you)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong))以及脈翅(chi)(chi)目的(de)(de)(de)粉蛉(ling)(幼(you)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)和蛹)等(deng)，甚至可(ke)以同(tong)類互相殘殺，這(zhe)點在飼(si)養時是(shi)需要(yao)特別注意的(de)(de)(de)。
草蛉的食(shi)(shi)量是較(jiao)大(da)(da)的，從文獻中可(ke)以(yi)舉出一(yi)(yi)些(xie)實例：大(da)(da)蚜(ya)(ya)獅(shi)(即大(da)(da)草蛉)幼蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)一(yi)(yi)生(sheng)(8一(yi)(yi)10天)可(ke)食(shi)(shi)蚜(ya)(ya)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)677.6頭，成蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(5一(yi)(yi)8天)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)可(ke)食(shi)(shi)蚜(ya)(ya)488.22頭，一(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)世代每個(ge)(ge)草嶺平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)能消滅(mie)1041.44頭蚜(ya)(ya)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)。但也有的報告，食(shi)(shi)蚜(ya)(ya)量要低的多。九紋(wen)草蛉(即麗草蛉）一(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)幼蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)一(yi)(yi)生(sheng)(15天)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)食(shi)(shi)菜蚜(ya)(ya)Brevicoryne brassicae L.2,077頭,一(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)成蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)則食(shi)(shi)蚜(ya)(ya)達(da)4,000頭以(yi)上。
普通草(cao)蛉吃(chi)介殼蟲(chong)(chong)的(de)記(ji)錄也(ye)是驚人的(de)，在(zai)我國(guo)臺灣省，一(yi)個(ge)幼(you)(you)(you)蟲(chong)(chong)可吃(chi)3,780頭(tou)介殼蟲(chong)(chong)；在(zai)中東(dong)，一(yi)個(ge)幼(you)(you)(you)蟲(chong)(chong)14天吃(chi)介殼蟲(chong)(chong)(Massococcus sp.)的(de)卵6,457粒。在(zai)法國(guo)，普通草(cao)蛉幼(you)(you)(you)蟲(chong)(chong)捕食(shi)多種葡(pu)萄害蟲(chong)(chong)，一(yi)個(ge)蚜(ya)獅至成長可以吃(chi)葡(pu)萄綴(zhui)穗蛾Polychrotisbotrana Schiff的(de)幼(you)(you)(you)蟲(chong)(chong)60頭(tou)。
農藥(yao)的(de)(de)(de)種類(lei)及使用劑量對(dui)(dui)草蛉(ling)(ling)有(you)一定的(de)(de)(de)影響。草蛉(ling)(ling)對(dui)(dui)有(you)機氯、菊(ju)酯類(lei)農藥(yao)等的(de)(de)(de)耐(nai)受(shou)力(li)較(jiao)(jiao)強(qiang)，但是對(dui)(dui)有(you)機磷、氨基甲酸醋類(lei)農藥(yao)敏感；幼(you)(you)期比成(cheng)蟲(chong)的(de)(de)(de)耐(nai)藥(yao)力(li)強(qiang)。微生(sheng)物殺蟲(chong)劑、植物提取物、殺螨劑和殺菌劑對(dui)(dui)草蛉(ling)(ling)的(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)長發(fa)育和生(sheng)殖(zhi)力(li)等無明顯的(de)(de)(de)影響。滅幼(you)(you)脲(niao)Ⅰ號和滅幼(you)(you)脲(niao)Ⅱ號對(dui)(dui)中(zhong)華草蛉(ling)(ling)成(cheng)蟲(chong)的(de)(de)(de)致(zhi)死作(zuo)用較(jiao)(jiao)小，但可(ke)導(dao)致(zhi)成(cheng)蟲(chong)不育，對(dui)(dui)幼(you)(you)蟲(chong)和卵(luan)有(you)較(jiao)(jiao)強(qiang)的(de)(de)(de)致(zhi)死作(zuo)用。抑太保(bao)則對(dui)(dui)中(zhong)華草嶺(ling)成(cheng)蟲(chong)有(you)較(jiao)(jiao)強(qiang)的(de)(de)(de)致(zhi)死作(zuo)用。擬除蟲(chong)菊(ju)酯類(lei)藥(yao)劑中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)三(san)氟(fu)氯氰(qing)菊(ju)酯對(dui)(dui)中(zhong)華草蛉(ling)(ling)的(de)(de)(de)毒(du)力(li)高出氰(qing)戊菊(ju)酯44~81倍(bei)。
精靈世界
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