胡應麟,父(fu)僖(xi),歷官刑(xing)部(bu)主(zhu)(zhu)事、湖廣參(can)議、云南僉(qian)事。5歲(sui)讀(du)書(shu)(shu)成誦,9歲(sui)從鄉(xiang)間塾師習經學,特愛古文辭(ci)。稍長,能撰各體詩(shi)篇。16歲(sui)入庠為(wei)秀才。明萬(wan)歷四年(nian)(1576)鄉(xiang)試中舉。會(hui)試不第(di)。曾(ceng)隨父(fu)北上南下,沿途吟詠,見者激賞。所交皆(jie)(jie)海(hai)內賢士豪(hao)杰(jie)。大司空朱衡過蘭江,求與晤面,泊舟三日以待。應麟感而(er)見之(zhi),賦《昆(kun)侖(lun)行(xing)》680言答謝。朱衡稱之(zhi)為(wei)“天下奇才”。時(shi)王世貞(zhen)(zhen)執詞壇牛耳(er),對其(qi)推(tui)崇(chong)備至,列為(wei)暮(mu)年(nian)所交五(wu)子之(zhi)一。世貞(zhen)(zhen)卒,乃入戲曲家(jia)汪(wang)道昆(kun)主(zhu)(zhu)持的白榆社。道昆(kun)卒,即主(zhu)(zhu)持詞壇,大江以南皆(jie)(jie)翕然宗之(zhi)。性孤(gu)介,厭薄榮利,自負(fu)甚(shen)高(gao)。晚年(nian)益肆(si)力于學。于縣城內思(si)親橋畔筑(zhu)室號“二(er)酉山房(fang)”,藏書(shu)(shu)4萬(wan)余(yu)卷,專事著述。詩(shi)文主(zhu)(zhu)張復(fu)古模擬,后(hou)由重視格(ge)調(diao)轉(zhuan)向(xiang)于神(shen)韻(yun)。
胡應(ying)麟(lin)(lin)(lin)最為(wei)(wei)著(zhu)名的(de)(de)著(zhu)作是(shi)(shi)《詩(shi)藪(sou)》,共20卷,分內外(wai)兩編(bian)。內編(bian)是(shi)(shi)分體總論(lun),外(wai)編(bian)(包括雜(za)編(bian)與續編(bian))則(ze)是(shi)(shi)自周(zhou)至明,依(yi)時代為(wei)(wei)序(xu),對(dui)作家、作品進行評論(lun)。《詩(shi)藪(sou)》頗為(wei)(wei)完(wan)整、系統(tong)地表(biao)述了(le)(le)作者的(de)(de)詩(shi)學(xue)思想(xiang),遠(yuan)遠(yuan)超(chao)越了(le)(le)詩(shi)話發展(zhan)前(qian)期的(de)(de)那種隨(sui)筆、散(san)論(lun)的(de)(de)性質,是(shi)(shi)集本體建構(gou)和作家作品批評為(wei)(wei)一體的(de)(de)詩(shi)學(xue)專(zhuan)論(lun)。胡應(ying)麟(lin)(lin)(lin)篤信嚴(yan)羽之(zhi)(zhi)主(zhu)張,卻(que)不(bu)墨守嚴(yan)氏針(zhen)對(dui)”以(yi)議(yi)論(lun)為(wei)(wei)詩(shi)”、“以(yi)文字為(wei)(wei)詩(shi)”、“以(yi)才(cai)學(xue)為(wei)(wei)詩(shi)”之(zhi)(zhi)弊病,而把詩(shi)歌與禪宗聯系說詩(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)法(fa),其(qi)說詩(shi)比較(jiao)切實(shi),在于其(qi)對(dui)用(yong)事(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)探(tan)討,形獨特且(qie)系統(tong)之(zhi)(zhi)看(kan)法(fa)。胡應(ying)麟(lin)(lin)(lin)論(lun)詩(shi),從方(fang)法(fa)論(lun)上受(shou)嚴(yan)羽之(zhi)(zhi)影響。運用(yong)此種方(fang)法(fa),糾偏黃庭堅之(zhi)(zhi)“脫胎換骨”、“點鐵(tie)成金(jin)”,得出(chu)全新之(zhi)(zhi)結論(lun)。綜其(qi)《詩(shi)藪(sou)》全篇,可見胡應(ying)麟(lin)(lin)(lin)有關“用(yong)事(shi)”完(wan)整理(li)論(lun)體系由以(yi)下三個方(fang)面構(gou)成:
除(chu)以情(qing)景(jing)為(wei)詩歌模寫之對象(xiang),用事亦另一(yi)之重要手段。
指出宋、明人在(zai)用(yong)事上(shang)之偏差失誤,將情、景、事三者聯系,并統(tong)攝在(zai)“工”、“巧(qiao)”下論(lun)述,以”風(feng)調”、“神韻”為用(yong)事之極致標準(zhun)。
論“用(yong)事”貴淺顯、易懂(dong),或(huo)用(yong)句(ju),或(huo)用(yong)意,咸(xian)臻化境;或(huo)減字(zi),或(huo)添字(zi),并無礙事。
其(qi)他著作(zuo)有《少室山房筆叢正集》《少室山房類稿》等37種(zhong)347卷。
詩論核心
胡氏詩(shi)論不停留(liu)在(zai)一般的感悟式批評上(shang),而(er)是以此(ci)為基礎,以周延的理性思(si)辨來界定詩(shi)的本體(ti)特征。他的詩(shi)學本體(ti)理論建構中最(zui)集中地體(ti)現(xian)在(zai)“興(xing)象風神”之說。
他認為:“作(zuo)詩(shi)大(da)要(yao)不過(guo)二端,體(ti)(ti)格(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)、興象風(feng)神(shen)而(er)已。”(《詩(shi)藪·內編(bian)》卷(juan)五(wu))此(ci)系胡氏論(lun)詩(shi)歌創作(zuo)本體(ti)(ti)特征的(de)(de)(de)(de)根本之(zhi)論(lun)。在(zai)他看來(lai),詩(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)基本要(yao)素(su)就(jiu)是(shi)“體(ti)(ti)格(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)”和“興象風(feng)神(shen)”,而(er)二者的(de)(de)(de)(de)關系則是(shi)相輔(fu)相成、缺一不可(ke)的(de)(de)(de)(de)。他又說:“蓋作(zuo)詩(shi)大(da)法,不過(guo)興象風(feng)神(shen)、格(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)律(lv)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)。格(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)律(lv)卑陬,音調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)乖舛,風(feng)神(shen)興象,無一可(ke)觀,乃詩(shi)之(zhi)大(da)病(bing)。“(《詩(shi)藪·外編(bian)》卷(juan)一)反復申(shen)明(ming)了他的(de)(de)(de)(de)這一詩(shi)學(xue)主(zhu)張(zhang)。“體(ti)(ti)格(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)”之(zhi)說,既是(shi)對(dui)明(ming)代(dai)初期復古(gu)派詩(shi)論(lun)家如(ru)李(li)東(dong)(dong)陽(yang)、李(li)夢陽(yang)等“格(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)說”的(de)(de)(de)(de)繼承,同(tong)時,又是(shi)融(rong)匯宋代(dai)詩(shi)論(lun)家嚴羽(yu)等人的(de)(de)(de)(de)“辨(bian)體(ti)(ti)”觀念(nian)而(er)向前發展的(de)(de)(de)(de)命題。“體(ti)(ti)”可(ke)簡言(yan)為體(ti)(ti)裁、體(ti)(ti)式。格(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)即格(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)。聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)即是(shi)指(zhi)詩(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)律(lv)。“格(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)”或“體(ti)(ti)格(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)”,是(shi)明(ming)代(dai)從(cong)李(li)東(dong)(dong)陽(yang)到“前后七子(zi)”最常用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)論(lun)詩(shi)概念(nian)。而(er)各人的(de)(de)(de)(de)運用(yong)又多(duo)有不同(tong)之(zhi)處。歸納而(er)言(yan),則如(ru)袁(yuan)震宇(yu)、劉明(ming)今(jin)先生所(suo)指(zhi)出:“若細(xi)加辨(bian)析,大(da)致(zhi)可(ke)分為兩類,其(qi)一如(ru)體(ti)(ti)格(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)、句(ju)格(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)、律(lv)調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)、聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)等主(zhu)要(yao)指(zhi)詩(shi)歌的(de)(de)(de)(de)體(ti)(ti)裁、句(ju)法、音韻(yun)、聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)律(lv)等外在(zai)形(xing)式方面的(de)(de)(de)(de)問(wen)題;其(qi)二如(ru)骨格(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)、意格(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)、氣調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)、風(feng)調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)等則主(zhu)要(yao)用(yong)來(lai)形(xing)容(rong)詩(shi)歌內在(zai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)氣度、意蘊(yun)。”(《明(ming)代(dai)文學(xue)批評史》18頁,上(shang)海古(gu)籍出版社1991年(nian)版)主(zhu)“格(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)說”者,要(yao)求詩(shi)歌體(ti)(ti)制上(shang)合(he)乎規格(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge),并強調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)重要(yao)性。
胡(hu)氏(shi)的(de)(de)“體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)格(ge)(ge)聲調(diao)”與明代(dai)前期的(de)(de)主(zhu)“格(ge)(ge)調(diao)”的(de)(de)李(li)東(dong)陽(yang)、李(li)夢陽(yang)等(deng)頗有(you)一致之(zhi)(zhi)處(chu)(chu),而(er)又于“辨(bian)(bian)(bian)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)”更多發揮了(le)宋人嚴(yan)羽的(de)(de)精(jing)(jing)髓。嚴(yan)羽在(zai)《滄浪詩(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)話》中(zhong)主(zhu)“妙悟”,重“興趣”,但又開詩(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)歌(ge)批(pi)評(ping)(ping)中(zhong)“辨(bian)(bian)(bian)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)”之(zhi)(zhi)先河。《滄浪詩(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)話》中(zhong)“詩(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)”一篇(pian),即是辨(bian)(bian)(bian)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)專論(lun)。其中(zhong)之(zhi)(zhi)“體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)”,一指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)式(shi),二指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)風(feng)(feng)格(ge)(ge)。如(ru)其云(yun)“風(feng)(feng)雅頌既亡,一變而(er)為(wei)離騷,再(zai)變而(er)為(wei)西(xi)漢五言(yan),三變而(er)歌(ge)行雜(za)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti),四變而(er)為(wei)沈(shen)宋律(lv)詩(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。”(《滄浪詩(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)話·詩(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)》)此處(chu)(chu)當(dang)指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)式(shi)。其后(hou)又有(you)“以時而(er)論(lun)”之(zhi)(zhi)“建安體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)”、“正始(shi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)”、“唐(tang)(tang)初體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)”、“盛唐(tang)(tang)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)”、“大歷(li)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)”、“晚唐(tang)(tang)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)”等(deng),是謂(wei)時代(dai)風(feng)(feng)格(ge)(ge);又有(you)“以人而(er)論(lun)”之(zhi)(zhi)“少陵(ling)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)”、“太白體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)”、“李(li)長吉(ji)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)”、“山谷體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)”、“東(dong)坡(po)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)”、“王荊公(gong)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)”等(deng),是謂(wei)作(zuo)家風(feng)(feng)格(ge)(ge)。他自稱(cheng)“辨(bian)(bian)(bian)家數如(ru)辨(bian)(bian)(bian)蒼白,方(fang)可言(yan)詩(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。”(《滄浪詩(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)話·詩(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)法(fa)》)嚴(yan)羽明辨(bian)(bian)(bian)詩(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)之(zhi)(zhi)精(jing)(jing)辟詳審(shen),為(wei)宋元以后(hou)詩(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)評(ping)(ping)家多所取法(fa)。方(fang)回、胡(hu)應麟、許學(xue)夷、方(fang)東(dong)樹等(deng)都(dou)可以說(shuo)受嚴(yan)羽之(zhi)(zhi)啟迪。胡(hu)應麟《詩(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)藪(sou)》的(de)(de)詩(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)學(xue)頗為(wei)縝密,其內編各(ge)卷即論(lun)詩(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)各(ge)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)之(zhi)(zhi)興替及(ji)“當(dang)行本色”。如(ru)言(yan)“辨(bian)(bian)(bian)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)”,《詩(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)藪(sou)》可謂(wei)典范之(zhi)(zhi)作(zuo)。
“興(xing)(xing)(xing)象(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)風神(shen)(shen)”在(zai)胡(hu)氏詩(shi)學(xue)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)亦是(shi)(shi)基本命題所(suo)在(zai)。胡(hu)應麟(lin)屢(lv)屢(lv)以之(zhi)評(ping)(ping)價、分析歷(li)代(dai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)詩(shi)作。“興(xing)(xing)(xing)象(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)”作為一個詩(shi)學(xue)范疇的(de)(de)(de)(de)提出(chu),當推唐代(dai)詩(shi)論家殷璠(fan)。殷璠(fan)在(zai)其所(suo)編(bian)《河岳英靈(ling)集》中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)以“興(xing)(xing)(xing)象(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)”為論詩(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)要標(biao)準。如評(ping)(ping)孟浩然(ran)詩(shi):“無論興(xing)(xing)(xing)象(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang),兼(jian)復故實。”評(ping)(ping)陶翰詩(shi)云:“既多興(xing)(xing)(xing)象(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang),復備風骨(gu)”。“興(xing)(xing)(xing)”是(shi)(shi)指詩(shi)人(ren)在(zai)外(wai)界(jie)事物的(de)(de)(de)(de)觸發(fa)下(xia),因感生(sheng)情,所(suo)謂(wei)“觸物以起情,謂(wei)之(zhi)興(xing)(xing)(xing)。”(宋(song)人(ren)李(li)仲蒙語)象(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)即詩(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)審(shen)美意(yi)(yi)象(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)。興(xing)(xing)(xing)、象(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)合鑄成一個詩(shi)學(xue)概念(nian),則是(shi)(shi)指詩(shi)歌創(chuang)(chuang)作中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)以自然(ran)感發(fa)的(de)(de)(de)(de)方式(shi)來(lai)創(chuang)(chuang)造的(de)(de)(de)(de)審(shen)美意(yi)(yi)象(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)。胡(hu)應麟(lin)在(zai)評(ping)(ping)漢(han)詩(shi)時屢(lv)用“興(xing)(xing)(xing)象(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)概念(nian),如說(shuo):“《十九首(shou)》及(ji)諸雜(za)詩(shi),隨語成韻,隨韻成趣,辭藻氣骨(gu),略無可(ke)(ke)尋。而(er)興(xing)(xing)(xing)象(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)玲瓏(long),意(yi)(yi)致深婉,真可(ke)(ke)以泣鬼神(shen)(shen)、動天(tian)地(di)。”(《詩(shi)藪.內編(bian)》卷三)在(zai)他(ta)看(kan)來(lai),漢(han)代(dai)古(gu)詩(shi),風韻自然(ran),取象(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)時常常得(de)之(zhi)無意(yi)(yi),如他(ta)所(suo)說(shuo):“無意(yi)(yi)于工,而(er)無不(bu)工也(ye),漢(han)之(zhi)詩(shi)也(ye)。”(內編(bian),卷二)“得(de)之(zhi)無意(yi)(yi)”,正是(shi)(shi)“興(xing)(xing)(xing)象(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)取象(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)方式(shi)。“興(xing)(xing)(xing)象(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)”之(zhi)外(wai),胡(hu)氏更重(zhong)“風神(shen)(shen)”。如果(guo)說(shuo)興(xing)(xing)(xing)象(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)更多地(di)以之(zhi)品評(ping)(ping)漢(han)詩(shi),那(nei)么,“風神(shen)(shen)”則更多地(di)用來(lai)品評(ping)(ping)盛唐之(zhi)詩(shi)。如他(ta)所(suo)說(shuo):“盛唐絕句,興(xing)(xing)(xing)象(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)玲瓏(long),句意(yi)(yi)深婉,無工可(ke)(ke)見,無跡(ji)可(ke)(ke)尋。中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)唐遽(ju)減風神(shen)(shen),晚(wan)唐大露筋骨(gu),可(ke)(ke)并論乎?”(內編(bian),卷六)“風神(shen)(shen)”,指一種好(hao)詩(shi)所(suo)具有的(de)(de)(de)(de)風華神(shen)(shen)韻,類于嚴(yan)羽所(suo)謂(wei)“興(xing)(xing)(xing)趣”。
那么(me),“體(ti)(ti)格(ge)(ge)聲(sheng)(sheng)調(diao)”和“興(xing)(xing)(xing)象(xiang)風(feng)神(shen)”的(de)(de)關(guan)(guan)系如何。胡應麟(lin)(lin)說(shuo):“體(ti)(ti)格(ge)(ge)聲(sheng)(sheng)調(diao),有則(ze)可循;興(xing)(xing)(xing)象(xiang)風(feng)神(shen),無方可執。故(gu)作(zuo)者(zhe)(zhe)但(dan)求體(ti)(ti)正格(ge)(ge)高,聲(sheng)(sheng)雄調(diao)鬯,積習之久,矜持(chi)盡化,形跡俱融,興(xing)(xing)(xing)象(xiang)風(feng)神(shen),自(zi)爾超邁。譬則(ze)鏡花水(shui)月(yue),體(ti)(ti)格(ge)(ge)聲(sheng)(sheng)調(diao),水(shui)與(yu)鏡也;興(xing)(xing)(xing)象(xiang)風(feng)神(shen),花與(yu)月(yue)也。必水(shui)澄(cheng)鏡明,然(ran)(ran)后(hou)(hou)花月(yue)宛然(ran)(ran);詎容昏鑒濁流,求睹兩者(zhe)(zhe)?故(gu)法(fa)所當先,而悟不容強。”(內(nei)編(bian),卷五(wu))大致可以(yi)說(shuo),前者(zhe)(zhe)在(zai)詩中,較實;后(hou)(hou)者(zhe)(zhe)在(zai)詩外,較虛(xu),兩者(zhe)(zhe)是一種虛(xu)實結合(he)的(de)(de)關(guan)(guan)系。“體(ti)(ti)格(ge)(ge)聲(sheng)(sheng)調(diao)”是“興(xing)(xing)(xing)象(xiang)風(feng)神(shen)”的(de)(de)基礎,“興(xing)(xing)(xing)象(xiang)風(feng)神(shen)”是“體(ti)(ti)格(ge)(ge)聲(sheng)(sheng)調(diao)”的(de)(de)升華。在(zai)前者(zhe)(zhe)為(wei)(wei)必然(ran)(ran),在(zai)后(hou)(hou)者(zhe)(zhe)為(wei)(wei)自(zi)由。胡應麟(lin)(lin)以(yi)從嚴羽那里秉受的(de)(de)“妙悟”“興(xing)(xing)(xing)趣”,裨補了明代復古(gu)詩論家們(men)“格(ge)(ge)調(diao)說(shuo)”的(de)(de)偏頗。