黃(huang)中庸(1030-1110),字長行,號軍城居士(shi)(shi),北宋(song)文學家,政治家,北宋(song)景祐(you)甲戌進士(shi)(shi)大理(li)寺評(ping)事(shi)黃(huang)寵之(zhi)子。
黃(huang)中(zhong)庸反對(dui)奢侈,生(sheng)活儉仆。宋英宗(zong)即(ji)位之初,朝廷動用國庫銀兩,大興土(tu)木(mu),治(zhi)理永昭山陵。黃(huang)中(zhong)庸上(shang)書進言說(shuo),國用空(kong)乏,眼前連(lian)軍餉也難以支付,橫征暴(bao)斂的(de)(de)結果,連(lian)有(you)(you)錢(qian)人家也怨(yuan)聲載(zai)道。并贊(zan)頌了先帝節儉愛民的(de)(de)舉(ju)措。黃(huang)中(zhong)庸還對(dui)官多(duo)政冗的(de)(de)舊裕提(ti)出批(pi)評意見.,治(zhi)平二年(1065)協(xie)助(zhu)司馬光(guang)(guang)撰寫《資治(zhi)通鑒》。并主張廣開言路,必(bi)能有(you)(you)益治(zhi)道。有(you)(you)些意見還是頗得英宗(zong)贊(zan)賞,有(you)(you)的(de)(de)卻沒有(you)(you)被(bei)采納(na)。熙寧二年(1069)始,宋神宗(zong)以王(wang)安石為宰相(xiang),推(tui)行新(xin)法,黃(huang)中(zhong)庸對(dui)新(xin)法增加農稅傷民之舉(ju)多(duo)有(you)(you)指(zhi)責(ze),那(nei)些對(dui)他有(you)(you)積怨(yuan)的(de)(de)官吏便(bian)把他當(dang)成(cheng)司馬光(guang)(guang)的(de)(de)元佑黨人,黃(huang)中(zhong)庸也因此由(you)侍中(zhong)兼樞(shu)密院副使宰相(xiang)被(bei)降(jiang)為太(tai)常院卿。直到御史(shi)中(zhong)丞呂誨上(shang)疏宋神宗(zong),為他鳴不平,這才(cai)讓他調任浙江提(ti)刑。
在邵武府(fu)(fu)任(ren)(ren)上(shang),黃中庸(yong)(yong)與(yu)司(si)馬光觀點一致,因而激怒了(le)王(wang)安(an)石。在任(ren)(ren)中,平民(min)(min)俞興偕妻謀殺一婦人(ren)(ren),黃中庸(yong)(yong)寬平待人(ren)(ren)能斷冤獄所活甚(shen)眾未按新法處(chu)置,王(wang)安(an)石遂借此為(wei)由(you),將他(ta)調出邵武府(fu)(fu),降為(wei)太常博(bo)士,享受(shou)正(zheng)七品(pin),后出任(ren)(ren)太常院丞、調任(ren)(ren)北海(hai)知(zhi)府(fu)(fu)。其時,青(qing)苗法正(zheng)在施(shi)行,黃中庸(yong)(yong)痛心地(di)說(shuo):“我只看到青(qing)苗法的(de)害處(chu),實不忍(ren)心看到無罪(zui)之人(ren)(ren)觸及刑律。”紹(shao)圣初年(nian)(nian)(1094年(nian)(nian)),入為(wei)尚寶卿。二年(nian)(nian),進侍中。四年(nian)(nian),拜中書舍人(ren)(ren)(內閣中書)。北宋(song)元祐元年(nian)(nian)(1086年(nian)(nian))繼(ji)任(ren)(ren)司(si)馬光宰(zai)相。他(ta)支(zhi)持(chi)哲宗司(si)馬光推行親民(min)(min)扶民(min)(min)助農(nong)政策,但(dan)反(fan)對蔡京以挖掘司(si)馬光墓、廢宣仁太后來打擊(ji)元祐派(pai)的(de)過激做法。北宋(song)宰(zai)相黃中庸(yong)(yong)堅決支(zhi)持(chi)章加(jia)強邊防(fang)、收(shou)復(fu)失地(di)的(de)政策,推薦精兵良將為(wei)主力邊帥(shuai),果大(da)敗(bai)夏兵于平夏城(cheng)。
宋(song)徽宗崇(chong)寧元年(nian)(nian)(1102年(nian)(nian)),黃(huang)中庸進(jin)侍(shi)中。司馬光的“扶民助耕”戰略正進(jin)入收獲階(jie)段,鄯(shan)、廓州撫定,邊帥欲(yu)舉(ju)兵渡黃(huang)河西攻。但徽宗是(shi)個不(bu)思進(jin)取(qu)的皇帝,于(yu)是(shi)朝(chao)臣(chen)多有見風使舵,轉而反(fan)對西進(jin)的,黃(huang)中庸則堅(jian)持兵機不(bu)可失(shi),宜速進(jin)軍。收復中原(yuan)失(shi)地,黃(huang)中庸也因此加“光祿大夫”宰相(宋(song)朝(chao)的最高(gao)榮(rong)譽獎勵)。
同年(nian),蔡京(jing)超擢入相(xiang)(xiang)。黃(huang)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)庸(yong)為(wei)(wei)人正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)直(zhi),一身正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)氣(qi),而(er)奸相(xiang)(xiang)蔡京(jing)則惡之,二年(nian),宰(zai)相(xiang)(xiang)黃(huang)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)庸(yong)被貶為(wei)(wei)太(tai)常博士,因不滿蔡京(jing)亂政,黃(huang)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)庸(yong)遂辭(ci)之,以病老棄(qi)官歸隱興化軍城府西巷(福建莆田雷山巷瑞龍庵西鍘(zha)其故(gu)居(ju)黃(huang)文(wen)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)公祠尚存)。宰(zai)相(xiang)(xiang)黃(huang)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)庸(yong)為(wei)(wei)官清廉,黃(huang)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)庸(yong)善(shan)詩(shi)文(wen),《全宋(song)詩(shi)》黃(huang)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)庸(yong)(第(di)七三(san)四二頁有載)《宋(song)史》稱其“詞章高(gao)(gao)風(feng)亮節,淳(chun)樸雋美(mei)”。告(gao)老后還鄉興辦學校(xiao)在永(yong)福潼關(guan)教忠(zhong)院收生授徒,在軍城創建步(bu)云(yun)書院培(pei)養出許多高(gao)(gao)第(di)名臣。有旨復起黃(huang)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)庸(yong)為(wei)(wei)太(tai)常寺(si)卿、侍中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)兼樞密院副使宰(zai)相(xiang)(xiang),未拜(bai)命(宋(song)大觀(guan)庚寅1110年(nian))卒,贈侍中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)謚文(wen)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)。宋(song)徽宗賜(si)謚號為(wei)(wei)文(wen)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng);閩縣(xian)狀(zhuang)元宰(zai)相(xiang)(xiang)許將為(wei)(wei)銘(ming)其墓,葬永(yong)福梧(wu)桐潼關(guan)教忠(zhong)院山北(bei)觀(guan)音疊座穴。所著有《黃(huang)侍中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)集》十卷(juan),《莆風(feng)清籟集》、《文(wen)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)黃(huang)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)庸(yong)詩(shi)稿》各一卷(juan)并行于(yu)世。