劉(liu)(liu)(liu)累(公元(yuan)前1898年-公元(yuan)前1788年),《元(yuan)和姓(xing)纂》《史記(ji)》《帝系譜》記(ji)載遠古(gu)部落聯盟(meng)三皇之(zhi)首太昊伏羲氏娶少典為妻生黃(huang)(huang)帝軒轅,黃(huang)(huang)帝子孫(sun)陶唐氏首領唐堯(yao)的(de)后裔,是(shi)被史學界所認同的(de)劉(liu)(liu)(liu)姓(xing)歷史上第一位名人,是(shi)國內外劉(liu)(liu)(liu)姓(xing)所信(xin)奉(feng)的(de)始祖,堯(yao)之(zhi)裔孫(sun)。
早年(nian),劉(liu)累曾(ceng)向豢(huan)龍(long)(long)(long)氏(shi)董父學豢(huan)龍(long)(long)(long)、御(yu)(yu)龍(long)(long)(long)于豢(huan)龍(long)(long)(long)氏(shi)。約公元前1879年(nian),夏孔甲帝時,天降龍(long)(long)(long)于今河南省臨穎縣豢(huan)龍(long)(long)(long)城東南角龍(long)(long)(long)蕩溝處(chu)。孔甲派劉(liu)累到(dao)此養(yang)龍(long)(long)(long),長達7年(nian)之(zhi)久。因劉(liu)累養(yang)龍(long)(long)(long)御(yu)(yu)龍(long)(long)(long)有功,孔甲封(feng)他為御(yu)(yu)龍(long)(long)(long)氏(shi),代(dai)行豕韋國(guo)君。
劉(liu)累(lei)(lei)的事跡最早記載(zai)于(yu)戰(zhan)國時(shi)成書(shu)的《竹書(shu)紀年(nian)》《左傳(chuan)》。在其他(ta)文獻中的記載(zai)內(nei)容較(jiao)多(duo)。據文獻記載(zai),劉(liu)累(lei)(lei)生(sheng)活在夏(xia)代孔甲(jia)年(nian)間,居(ju)魯(lu)山,死后葬于(yu)河南魯(lu)山縣。劉(liu)累(lei)(lei)因(yin)出生(sheng)時(shi)手上顯現“劉(liu)累(lei)(lei)”紋樣,家(jia)人以(yi)為(wei)吉(ji)祥,遂以(yi)劉(liu)累(lei)(lei)為(wei)名。劉(liu)累(lei)(lei)故(gu)城在洛州緱氏(shi)縣(今河南偃師)南五十五里,乃劉(liu)累(lei)(lei)之故(gu)地,相傳(chuan)是他(ta)養(yang)龍(long)時(shi)所居(ju)處(chu)。劉(liu)累(lei)(lei)為(wei)遠古劉(liu)氏(shi)第十八世(shi)祖,御(yu)龍(long)堂劉(liu)氏(shi)始祖。
黃河(he)(he)中下游華夏民族夏代,夏帝(di)孔(kong)甲(jia)(jia)(jia)帝(di)得到雌雄二龍,聽說劉(liu)累曾(ceng)學(xue)養龍于(yu)“豢龍氏”,就(jiu)命(ming)劉(liu)累養龍,因劉(liu)累養龍有功,孔(kong)甲(jia)(jia)(jia)賜他“御(yu)龍氏”,后來(lai)一(yi)龍死,劉(liu)累將其制成肉(rou)羹(geng)獻(xian)給孔(kong)甲(jia)(jia)(jia)帝(di),孔(kong)甲(jia)(jia)(jia)因之(zhi)味美,命(ming)令劉(liu)累再獻(xian),劉(liu)累因懼(ju)怕龍死之(zhi)事(shi)暴露,,遂遷到中岳(yue)嵩山(shan)南(nan)(nan)側(ce)的(de)堯山(shan)(大龍山(shan),又名石人山(shan))東麓,河(he)(he)南(nan)(nan)魯(lu)山(shan)縣昭平湖(hu)地區(今河(he)(he)南(nan)(nan)魯(lu)山(shan)),在此墾荒(huang)漁(yu)獵,最(zui)后卒葬于(yu)此,劉(liu)累子孫后來(lai)便(bian)以劉(liu)為姓(xing),成為我國(guo)劉(liu)姓(xing)的(de)最(zui)早起(qi)源。
唐代(dai)史書《史記·正(zheng)義》引(yin)《括地志》云(yun):“劉(liu)累(lei)故城在洛(luo)(luo)州緱氏(shi)(shi)縣(xian)南五(wu)十五(wu)里,乃劉(liu)累(lei)之故地也。”古緱氏(shi)(shi)縣(xian)今屬(shu)河南洛(luo)(luo)陽偃師(shi)縣(xian),轄境(jing)西南有地名(ming)劉(liu)聚,相傳是他養龍時(shi)所(suo)居處。但(dan)經過考證洛(luo)(luo)陽偃師(shi)緱氏(shi)(shi)縣(xian)為春秋劉(liu)國的故址,非劉(liu)累(lei)養龍之所(suo)。
劉(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)累(lei)(lei),堯(yao)之裔孫。早(zao)年,劉(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)累(lei)(lei)曾向(xiang)豢(huan)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)氏董父學豢(huan)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)、御龍(long)(long)(long)(long)于(yu)豢(huan)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)氏。約公(gong)(gong)元前1879年,夏孔(kong)(kong)甲(jia)(jia)(jia)帝時,天降(jiang)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)于(yu)今(jin)河(he)南省臨(lin)穎縣(xian)(xian)豢(huan)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)城(cheng)東南角(jiao)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)蕩溝處。孔(kong)(kong)甲(jia)(jia)(jia)派(pai)劉(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)累(lei)(lei)到(dao)此(ci)養龍(long)(long)(long)(long),長達7年之久(jiu)。因(yin)劉(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)累(lei)(lei)養龍(long)(long)(long)(long)御龍(long)(long)(long)(long)有功,孔(kong)(kong)甲(jia)(jia)(jia)封他為(wei)御龍(long)(long)(long)(long)氏,后因(yin)一雌龍(long)(long)(long)(long)死(si)(si),累(lei)(lei)把龍(long)(long)(long)(long)肉加工成美食,送給孔(kong)(kong)甲(jia)(jia)(jia)吃,孔(kong)(kong)甲(jia)(jia)(jia)享用后,感到(dao)味道(dao)鮮美,又(you)向(xiang)劉(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)累(lei)(lei)求食,劉(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)累(lei)(lei)怕死(si)(si)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)事發,孔(kong)(kong)甲(jia)(jia)(jia)追究問(wen)罪(zui),便于(yu)約公(gong)(gong)元前1873年,劉(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)累(lei)(lei)便遷徙到(dao)堯(yao)山(shan)(大龍(long)(long)(long)(long)山(shan))東麓,今(jin)天的(de)(de)(de)河(he)南省魯山(shan)縣(xian)(xian)隱居,隱匿了原來的(de)(de)(de)名字,改稱(cheng)“丘”,人(ren)稱(cheng)“丘公(gong)(gong)”,稱(cheng)隱居的(de)(de)(de)地(di)方(fang)為(wei)“邱(qiu)公(gong)(gong)城(cheng)”。孔(kong)(kong)甲(jia)(jia)(jia)知道(dao)后,不再(zai)追究,丘公(gong)(gong)改為(wei)劉(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)累(lei)(lei),劉(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)累(lei)(lei)族人(ren)遂(sui)改姓劉(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)氏,中(zhong)華劉(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)姓遂(sui)劉(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)累(lei)(lei)繁衍生息。早(zao)在(zai)明代(dai)前,后人(ren)把邱(qiu)公(gong)(gong)城(cheng)附近的(de)(de)(de)耿集鎮(zhen)(古(gu)稱(cheng)竹峪寨)雅稱(cheng)“豢(huan)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)故里”,又(you)在(zai)西寨門(men)迎門(men)額上鑲刻“豢(huan)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)故里”門(men)額石記之。劉(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)累(lei)(lei)終卒(zu)于(yu)今(jin)河(he)南省魯山(shan)縣(xian)(xian)邱(qiu)公(gong)(gong)城(cheng),葬(zang)于(yu)邱(qiu)公(gong)(gong)城(cheng)東北(bei)30米處。二(er)十世紀五十年代(dai),修筑昭(zhao)平湖,劉(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)累(lei)(lei)墓(mu)便沒于(yu)昭(zhao)平湖中(zhong)。
劉累(lei)(lei)(lei)公(gong)(gong)(聚義公(gong)(gong)長子),字華美(mei),生(sheng)(sheng)于(yu)(yu)夏(xia)廑帝(di)(di)三(san)(san)年(nian)(nian)癸(gui)未(公(gong)(gong)元前(qian)1898年(nian)(nian)),劉氏族譜中(zhong)為劉氏十(shi)(shi)(shi)八世祖,卒(zu)于(yu)(yu)夏(xia)桀三(san)(san)十(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)年(nian)(nian)癸(gui)酉(公(gong)(gong)元前(qian)1788年(nian)(nian))享壽(shou)(shou)(shou)壹百一(yi)十(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)歲(sui),(一(yi)說累(lei)(lei)(lei)公(gong)(gong)享壽(shou)(shou)(shou)一(yi)百零七(qi)歲(sui),又一(yi)說累(lei)(lei)(lei)公(gong)(gong)壽(shou)(shou)(shou)八十(shi)(shi)(shi)四歲(sui))。公(gong)(gong)誕生(sheng)(sheng)時,兩手握拳凡三(san)(san)年(nian)(nian)。張開(kai)時兩掌現龍(long)紋,并有文在手曰:累(lei)(lei)(lei),因以(yi)為名。事夏(xia)孔甲(jia)(jia),公(gong)(gong)學(xue)擾(rao)龍(long)於豢龍(long)氏,十(shi)(shi)(shi)歲(sui)能擾(rao)龍(long)。夏(xia)孔甲(jia)(jia)帝(di)(di)時天(tian)降二龍(long)于(yu)(yu)朝.雌(ci)(ci)雄各一(yi),帝(di)(di)令(ling)累(lei)(lei)(lei)公(gong)(gong)飼養(yang),公(gong)(gong)能飲食之,帝(di)(di)嘉,于(yu)(yu)孔甲(jia)(jia)三(san)(san)年(nian)(nian)甲(jia)(jia)辰(公(gong)(gong)元前(qian)1877年(nian)(nian))晉封(feng)累(lei)(lei)(lei)公(gong)(gong)為右丞相(xiang),并御(yu)賜(si)累(lei)(lei)(lei)公(gong)(gong)為御(yu)龍(long)氏。孔甲(jia)(jia)七(qi)年(nian)(nian)戊申(公(gong)(gong)元前(qian)1873年(nian)(nian))一(yi)雌(ci)(ci)龍(long)死,累(lei)(lei)(lei)公(gong)(gong)潛醢以(yi)食王,王使求之。公(gong)(gong)恐懼,帶領家少奔魯(河南(nan)平頂山(shan)市魯山(shan)縣)避禍,時年(nian)(nian)二十(shi)(shi)(shi)六歲(sui),遂遷于(yu)(yu)河南(nan)平頂山(shan)市魯山(shan)縣安家置業。
《新唐書.宰相世系表(biao)一》
劉氏(shi)(shi)出自祁姓。帝堯陶唐(tang)氏(shi)(shi)子孫生(sheng)(sheng)子有文在(zai)(zai)手曰(yue):「劉累」,因以(yi)為名。能擾龍,事夏(xia)為御(yu)龍氏(shi)(shi),在(zai)(zai)商為豕韋氏(shi)(shi),在(zai)(zai)周(zhou)稱(cheng)唐(tang)杜氏(shi)(shi)。至(zhi)宣王(wang),滅其國(guo)。其子隰(xi)叔奔晉(jin)為士師,生(sheng)(sheng)士蒍。蒍生(sheng)(sheng)成伯(bo)缺,缺生(sheng)(sheng)士會(hui)。會(hui)適秦,歸晉(jin),有子留於秦,自為劉氏(shi)(shi)。生(sheng)(sheng)明(ming),明(ming)生(sheng)(sheng)遠(yuan),遠(yuan)生(sheng)(sheng)陽,十(shi)世孫,戰國(guo)時獲於魏,遂為魏大(da)夫。秦滅魏,徙(xi)大(da)梁(liang),生(sheng)(sheng)清(qing),徙(xi)居(ju)沛。生(sheng)(sheng)仁,號豐公(gong)。生(sheng)(sheng)煓,字執嘉。生(sheng)(sheng)四子:伯(bo)、仲、邦(bang)、交(jiao)。邦(bang),漢高祖也。
劉(liu)(liu)累(lei)(lei)墓于(yu)平頂山(shan)市魯山(shan)縣城西國家水利風(feng)景(jing)名勝(sheng)區昭(zhao)平湖(hu)景(jing)區附近,國家地質公園、國家AAAAA級風(feng)景(jing)名勝(sheng)區堯山(shan)(又名石人山(shan),古稱大(da)龍(long)山(shan))東麓。207,311國道(dao)交匯于(yu)此,在(zai)魯山(shan)縣城乘坐(zuo)魯山(shan)至石人山(shan)、江河(he)的汽車沿311國道(dao)行(xing)駛10公里即(ji)可到達昭(zhao)平湖(hu)景(jing)區大(da)門,再順(shun)沿景(jing)區大(da)道(dao)東北方向0.2公里到達劉(liu)(liu)累(lei)(lei)墓,劉(liu)(liu)累(lei)(lei)墓距劉(liu)(liu)氏與龍(long)文化碑(bei)林0.2公里,緊鄰劉(liu)(liu)累(lei)(lei)祠。
劉累墓、劉累祠、劉氏與(yu)龍文(wen)化碑林(lin)共同(tong)形成(cheng)了參觀劉累的旅游線路(lu)。
2000年(nian)4月,史(shi)學界和魯山縣委、政府(fu)的關(guan)(guan)心下,魯山縣有關(guan)(guan)部(bu)門(men)又在昭平湖風(feng)景區重(zhong)新修筑了劉累墓,海(hai)內外更多的劉姓族人(ren)前(qian)來尋根(gen)問祖。