宇(yu)(yu)文(wen)(yǔ wén)為復(fu)姓(xing)(xing),炎帝神農氏后裔。主要來(lai)源中國遼東,為南(nan)單于之后。魏晉時,北方鮮卑族宇(yu)(yu)文(wen)氏部落,自稱(cheng)宇(yu)(yu)文(wen)姓(xing)(xing)。東晉時,宇(yu)(yu)文(wen)氏進駐中原,稱(cheng)宇(yu)(yu)文(wen)國,以宇(yu)(yu)文(wen)為姓(xing)(xing),稱(cheng)宇(yu)(yu)文(wen)氏。
宇文(wen)姓早(zao)期(qi)活動在西北(bei)地(di)區,南(nan)北(bei)朝時期(qi)逐步南(nan)下內(nei)遷(qian)。唐代時,他們入地(di)為籍,遍及中原各地(di)。宋后宇文(wen)氏已不常見。如今在河北(bei)、陜西、山西、北(bei)京、浙江、四川、臺灣等地(di)有少量(liang)分布。宇文(wen)姓人(ren)(ren)口(kou)排名第551位,人(ren)(ren)口(kou)約2.1萬人(ren)(ren)。
來(lai)自匈奴族,出自魏(wei)、晉時期遼(liao)東匈奴南單于之后,屬(shu)于漢化(hua)改姓為(wei)氏。
魏、晉兩朝時期(qi)(qi)(qi),北方鮮卑民族(zu)中有一(yi)宇文氏部(bu)落(luo),原來是漢(han)朝時期(qi)(qi)(qi)南匈奴的(de)一(yi)個(ge)分支(zhi),在東漢(han)晚期(qi)(qi)(qi)至三國(guo)初(chu)期(qi)(qi)(qi)形(xing)成一(yi)個(ge)部(bu)落(luo)群體,族(zu)人自稱(cheng)是炎(yan)帝神(shen)農(nong)氏的(de)后裔(yi)。歷史(shi)上記載(zai)宇文部(bu)最(zui)早(zao)起源的(de)是史(shi)籍《周(zhou)書》,其中稱(cheng)宇文部(bu)源自神(shen)農(nong)氏,因此應當來源姜姓。
中(zhong)國的(de)(de)(de)史學界一般(ban)認為(wei),宇(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)部(bu)(bu)是(shi)(shi)公(gong)(gong)元1世紀時北匈(xiong)(xiong)奴(nu)(nu)(nu)被(bei)東漢(han)(han)擊走西遷(qian)(qian)(qian)后(hou)(hou),留在故(gu)地(di)(di)漠北的(de)(de)(de)部(bu)(bu)眾東遷(qian)(qian)(qian)與(yu)鮮(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)卑(bei)(bei)(bei)族(zu)(zu)人(ren)(ren)混居以后(hou)(hou)被(bei)同(tong)化(hua)的(de)(de)(de)族(zu)(zu)群(qun),在這段期間該(gai)部(bu)(bu)曾參加(jia)鮮(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)卑(bei)(bei)(bei)首(shou)領(ling)檀石槐的(de)(de)(de)部(bu)(bu)落(luo)聯(lian)盟,首(shou)領(ling)成為(wei)鮮(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)卑(bei)(bei)(bei)的(de)(de)(de)東部(bu)(bu)大(da)人(ren)(ren)。因此(ci),宇(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)部(bu)(bu)是(shi)(shi)源自匈(xiong)(xiong)奴(nu)(nu)(nu)而后(hou)(hou)揉合了鮮(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)卑(bei)(bei)(bei)血統的(de)(de)(de)部(bu)(bu)族(zu)(zu)。據史籍(ji)《后(hou)(hou)漢(han)(han)書(shu)》記載(zai),東漢(han)(han)和(he)帝年間,當時的(de)(de)(de)大(da)將軍竇憲派右校尉耿夔擊破北匈(xiong)(xiong)奴(nu)(nu)(nu),“鮮(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)卑(bei)(bei)(bei)因此(ci)轉徙據其(qi)(qi)地(di)(di)。匈(xiong)(xiong)奴(nu)(nu)(nu)余種留者尚有十余萬(wan)落(luo),皆自號(hao)鮮(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)卑(bei)(bei)(bei)。”在史籍(ji)《魏書(shu)》中(zhong)也(ye)(ye)認為(wei)宇(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)部(bu)(bu)是(shi)(shi)“匈(xiong)(xiong)奴(nu)(nu)(nu)種,出(chu)于(yu)遼(liao)(liao)東塞外,其(qi)(qi)先(xian)南單于(yu)遠屬也(ye)(ye),世為(wei)東部(bu)(bu)大(da)人(ren)(ren)。其(qi)(qi)語與(yu)鮮(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)卑(bei)(bei)(bei)頗異(yi)。”按史書(shu)的(de)(de)(de)記載(zai):宇(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)氏(shi)部(bu)(bu)落(luo)首(shou)領(ling)的(de)(de)(de)祖(zu)先(xian)叫葛(ge)烏(wu)(wu)菟(tu),其(qi)(qi)先(xian)出(chu)自炎帝神(shen)農氏(shi),為(wei)黃帝所滅(mie),子(zi)孫(sun)遁居朔野為(wei)匈(xiong)(xiong)奴(nu)(nu)(nu)苗裔(yi),實際(ji)上(shang)就是(shi)(shi)南匈(xiong)(xiong)奴(nu)(nu)(nu)某個單于(yu)的(de)(de)(de)庶支后(hou)(hou)裔(yi)。葛(ge)烏(wu)(wu)菟(tu)是(shi)(shi)公(gong)(gong)元一世紀人(ren)(ren),原居陰山,是(shi)(shi)鮮(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)卑(bei)(bei)(bei)宇(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)部(bu)(bu)的(de)(de)(de)始(shi)祖(zu),東漢(han)(han)后(hou)(hou)期起其(qi)(qi)后(hou)(hou)裔(yi)子(zi)孫(sun)世襲(xi)為(wei)鮮(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)卑(bei)(bei)(bei)東部(bu)(bu)大(da)人(ren)(ren)。在史籍(ji)《周(zhou)書(shu)·文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)帝紀》中(zhong)記載(zai):“葛(ge)烏(wu)(wu)菟(tu)雄(xiong)武多(duo)算略,鮮(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)卑(bei)(bei)(bei)慕(mu)之,奉(feng)以為(wei)主,遂(sui)為(wei)十二部(bu)(bu)落(luo),世為(wei)大(da)人(ren)(ren)。”葛(ge)烏(wu)(wu)菟(tu)之后(hou)(hou)曰普回,普回有子(zi)宇(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)莫那(nei),約(yue)在公(gong)(gong)元一世紀北匈(xiong)(xiong)奴(nu)(nu)(nu)西遷(qian)(qian)(qian)時,宇(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)莫那(nei)則自陰山率領(ling)下屬十二部(bu)(bu)南下遷(qian)(qian)(qian)至遼(liao)(liao)西地(di)(di)區(qu),之后(hou)(hou)宇(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)莫那(nei)從附屬匈(xiong)(xiong)奴(nu)(nu)(nu)的(de)(de)(de)關系中(zhong)脫(tuo)離獨立(li),號(hao)稱“鮮(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)卑(bei)(bei)(bei)俟(si)汾(fen)氏(shi)”。“俟(si)汾(fen)”是(shi)(shi)鮮(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)卑(bei)(bei)(bei)族(zu)(zu)語“天王”之意。俟(si)汾(fen)部(bu)(bu)日(ri)漸強盛(sheng)后(hou)(hou),宇(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)莫那(nei)的(de)(de)(de)慕(mu)僚建議改(gai)“天王”為(wei)姓,但為(wei)忌諱晉室,換“天王”為(wei)“宇(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)”,當時的(de)(de)(de)宇(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)十二部(bu)(bu)落(luo)中(zhong)已(yi)經蘊涵(han)了后(hou)(hou)來的(de)(de)(de)庫莫奚(xi)部(bu)(bu)落(luo)和(he)契丹部(bu)(bu)落(luo)。宇(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)莫那(nei)則被(bei)后(hou)(hou)來南北朝時期的(de)(de)(de)北周(zhou)政權尊為(wei)獻侯,并(bing)奉(feng)為(wei)北周(zhou)皇室的(de)(de)(de)始(shi)祖(zu)。
按史(shi)籍(ji)《周書》的(de)記(ji)(ji)載:葛烏菟的(de)后(hou)代普回襲任大人之(zhi)職(zhi)后(hou),他在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)打獵(lie)時(shi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)河(he)邊(bian)拾到(dao)一(yi)(yi)顆玉璽,上(shang)刻(ke)“皇帝璽”三字,大喜之(zhi)下自以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)為(wei)是(shi)天(tian)(tian)(tian)授神權(quan),當地人呼(hu)天(tian)(tian)(tian)為(wei)“宇(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)”,呼(hu)君為(wei)“文(wen)(wen)”,“宇(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)”意(yi)即“天(tian)(tian)(tian)子”。于是(shi),這位普回大人便自己(ji)號稱(cheng)宇(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)氏,而(er)(er)自己(ji)的(de)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)落就(jiu)叫(jiao)作(zuo)宇(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)。當然,后(hou)世(shi)史(shi)學(xue)家認為(wei)這純粹是(shi)牽強附會之(zhi)說。到(dao)了(le)東(dong)晉(jin)時(shi)期(qi),宇(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)進據(ju)中(zhong)原,號稱(cheng)宇(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)國。宇(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)莫那之(zhi)后(hou)有數代首(shou)(shou)領在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)史(shi)書中(zhong)沒有任何記(ji)(ji)載,一(yi)(yi)直(zhi)到(dao)西晉(jin)時(shi)期(qi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)后(hou)才有記(ji)(ji)事。在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)史(shi)籍(ji)《魏書》中(zhong),記(ji)(ji)載了(le)當時(shi)的(de)習俗(su)“人皆剪發而(er)(er)留其頂上(shang),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)為(wei)首(shou)(shou)飾,長(chang)過數寸則截短之(zhi)。婦(fu)女(nv)披長(chang)襦及足,而(er)(er)無裳焉。”部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)族人有髡發習俗(su),婦(fu)女(nv)是(shi)穿著連身的(de)長(chang)襖,與漢族下身做長(chang)裙(qun)的(de)打扮大不同。另外,宇(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)族人在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)秋天(tian)(tian)(tian)的(de)時(shi)候會去采收(shou)一(yi)(yi)種稱(cheng)作(zuo)“烏頭”的(de)有毒(du)植物制成毒(du)藥,做為(wei)射獵(lie)禽獸之(zhi)用(yong)。鮮(xian)卑(bei)族宇(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)逐漸繁榮興盛,一(yi)(yi)直(zhi)至東(dong)晉(jin)五胡(hu)十六國前期(qi)為(wei)止,特別(bie)是(shi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)西晉(jin)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)后(hou)較為(wei)強盛之(zhi)時(shi),地點約在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)濡源(今(jin)河(he)北灤(luan)河(he)上(shang)游)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)東(dong)、柳城(今(jin)遼寧朝(chao)陽)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)西一(yi)(yi)帶的(de)廣大地區,與同期(qi)存在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)的(de)慕(mu)容(rong)(rong)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)鮮(xian)卑(bei)、段部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)鮮(xian)卑(bei)相同,都屬于東(dong)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)鮮(xian)卑(bei)的(de)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)支系(xi)。宇(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)西晉(jin)時(shi)期(qi)的(de)幾代首(shou)(shou)領與拓跋部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)鮮(xian)卑(bei)關系(xi)較佳,兩(liang)個(ge)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)族間(jian)時(shi)有通(tong)婚(hun)。進入五胡(hu)十六國時(shi)期(qi)后(hou),宇(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)曾依附勢(shi)力強大的(de)后(hou)趙政權(quan)。但宇(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)與慕(mu)容(rong)(rong)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)鮮(xian)卑(bei)之(zhi)間(jian)卻是(shi)一(yi)(yi)直(zhi)存在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)著不斷的(de)爭斗,且連續有數位宇(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)的(de)首(shou)(shou)領宇(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)莫珪、宇(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)遜昵延(yan)、宇(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)乞得龜、宇(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)逸(yi)豆歸都曾為(wei)慕(mu)容(rong)(rong)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)所敗(bai)(bai),在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)東(dong)晉(jin)咸(xian)和九年(nian)或(huo)東(dong)晉(jin)咸(xian)康元年(nian)(公(gong)元344/345年(nian))的(de)一(yi)(yi)次決定性(xing)戰役(yi)中(zhong),宇(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)終于被慕(mu)容(rong)(rong)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)所建(jian)立的(de)前燕政權(quan)擊敗(bai)(bai),部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)眾(zhong)被慕(mu)容(rong)(rong)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)首(shou)(shou)領分散遷移,宇(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)滅亡(wang)。
鮮卑宇文(wen)部(bu)的族人(ren)以及后(hou)來北周政權的皇族貴胄(zhou)和一(yi)些(xie)臣(chen)子國民,都以“宇文(wen)“為姓(xing)氏(shi),稱宇文(wen)氏(shi),后(hou)逐漸融入漢族,將宇文(wen)氏(shi)復姓(xing)也帶入漢族之中,后(hou)有省文(wen)簡(jian)改為單姓(xing)宇氏(shi)、文(wen)氏(shi)者,也有改單姓(xing)為尚氏(shi)、趙(zhao)氏(shi)、胡(hu)氏(shi)、李(li)氏(shi)者,皆世代相傳至今(jin)。
來(lai)自(zi)(zi)嬴姓(xing),出自(zi)(zi)南北朝(chao)時期北周(zhou)政(zheng)權大臣趙(zhao)文表、趙(zhao)昶之后(hou),屬于帝王賜改(gai)姓(xing)為氏。
南北朝時期(qi),有北周(zhou)大(da)都督趙(zhao)文(wen)表、北周(zhou)長道郡(jun)公(gong)(gong)趙(zhao)昶(chang)(chang),這二人(ren)都是北周(zhou)武帝(di)宇文(wen)邕(561年―578年在位)的親信大(da)將。趙(zhao)文(wen)表追隨許國公(gong)(gong)宇文(wen)貴鎮守蜀地,行(xing)(xing)昌城郡(jun)事(shi),官至加中軍將軍,左金紫光祿大(da)夫。趙(zhao)昶(chang)(chang)居將帥(shuai)之任,傾心下士。虜獲氐、羌,撫(fu)而使(shi)之,皆為趙(zhao)昶(chang)(chang)盡力(li)。后錄前后功,進(jin)爵長道郡(jun)公(gong)(gong),征拜賓部中大(da)夫,行(xing)(xing)吏部事(shi)。這二人(ren)皆被北周(zhou)武帝(di)賜姓為宇文(wen)氏(shi)。
在趙文(wen)表、趙昶的后裔子孫中,有以先祖受(shou)賜姓氏承襲者,都稱宇文(wen)氏,世代相(xiang)傳(chuan)至今。
宇文(wen)(wen)氏(shi)(shi)復姓(xing)氏(shi)(shi)典型的北(bei)方少數民族漢化姓(xing)氏(shi)(shi),在(zai)(zai)中(zhong)(zhong)國的大陸(lu)與臺灣(wan)省都(dou)未進(jin)入(ru)前三百(bai)大姓(xing),在(zai)(zai)宋(song)版(ban)《百(bai)家姓(xing)》中(zhong)(zhong)排序為(wei)第(di)四(si)(si)百(bai)三十(shi)四(si)(si)位(wei)門閥(fa)。宇文(wen)(wen)姓(xing)早期活動在(zai)(zai)西(xi)(xi)(xi)北(bei)地(di)區,南北(bei)朝時(shi)期逐步南下(xia)內遷,除在(zai)(zai)遼(liao)寧、內蒙(meng)古、山西(xi)(xi)(xi)、陜西(xi)(xi)(xi)等地(di)分布(bu)外,在(zai)(zai)河南洛陽(yang)等地(di)形成宇文(wen)(wen)氏(shi)(shi)皇族聚集地(di)。唐代時(shi),他們入(ru)地(di)為(wei)籍(ji),遍及中(zhong)(zhong)原各地(di)。宋(song)后宇文(wen)(wen)氏(shi)(shi)已不常見。如今在(zai)(zai)北(bei)京、河南、陜西(xi)(xi)(xi)、浙江、四(si)(si)川、臺灣(wan)等地(di)有(you)(you)少量分布(bu)。現今宇文(wen)(wen)姓(xing)人口沒(mei)有(you)(you)進(jin)入(ru)全國前三百(bai)位(wei)。
今陜西省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)咸陽(yang)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)及興平市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、乾縣(xian)(xian)、長(chang)武縣(xian)(xian),河北省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)行唐縣(xian)(xian)、張(zhang)家口市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、石家莊市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),遼寧省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)大連市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),山東省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)煙臺市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),四川(chuan)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)南(nan)(nan)部縣(xian)(xian),河南(nan)(nan)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)欒川(chuan)縣(xian)(xian)、洛(luo)陽(yang)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、安(an)陽(yang)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),江(jiang)(jiang)蘇省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)南(nan)(nan)京(jing)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),安(an)徽省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)無為(wei)縣(xian)(xian),浙江(jiang)(jiang)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)杭州(zhou)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),山西省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)榆次(ci)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、太原市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)尖草坪區(qu)、長(chang)治市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),廣東省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),湖(hu)北省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),江(jiang)(jiang)西省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),湖(hu)南(nan)(nan)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),臺灣省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),北京(jing)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),天津市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),重慶市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),上海市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),香港特別行政區(qu)等地(di),均有宇文氏(shi)族人分(fen)布。
趙郡:東漢建安年間(196年―219年)設趙郡,治所廣阿(今(jin)邢(xing)臺市(shi)隆堯縣(xian)(xian)),轄地包括今(jin)石家莊趙縣(xian)(xian)、高邑縣(xian)(xian)、贊皇縣(xian)(xian)和(he)邢(xing)臺市(shi)寧晉縣(xian)(xian)、柏鄉縣(xian)(xian)、臨城(cheng)縣(xian)(xian)、隆堯縣(xian)(xian)東部。隋朝時(shi)期移治到趙縣(xian)(xian)(今(jin)河北趙縣(xian)(xian))。
太(tai)(tai)(tai)原(yuan)府:也稱太(tai)(tai)(tai)原(yuan)郡(jun)。戰國(guo)時(shi)期(qi)秦莊(zhuang)襄王(wang)四(si)年(nian)(前246年(nian))置郡(jun),治所(suo)在(zai)晉(jin)(jin)陽(yang)(今山(shan)(shan)西(xi)太(tai)(tai)(tai)原(yuan)),當時(shi)轄(xia)地在(zai)今山(shan)(shan)西(xi)省(sheng)(sheng)五臺山(shan)(shan)和(he)管涔山(shan)(shan)南部一(yi)(yi)帶(dai)、霍山(shan)(shan)北(bei)部一(yi)(yi)帶(dai)地區(qu)。北(bei)魏時(shi)期(qi)轄(xia)地在(zai)今山(shan)(shan)西(xi)省(sheng)(sheng)陽(yang)曲(qu)縣、交城市、平遙市、和(he)順縣間的晉(jin)(jin)中一(yi)(yi)帶(dai)地區(qu)。隋朝(chao)時(shi)期(qi)改晉(jin)(jin)陽(yang)為(wei)太(tai)(tai)(tai)原(yuan),又另設晉(jin)(jin)陽(yang),與(yu)太(tai)(tai)(tai)原(yuan)同城。唐太(tai)(tai)(tai)原(yuan)府洽也在(zai)此地。宋(song)(song)太(tai)(tai)(tai)平興國(guo)中期(qi)(980年(nian))改并州(zhou)為(wei)太(tai)(tai)(tai)原(yuan)府,移(yi)治陽(yang)曲(qu)(今山(shan)(shan)西(xi)太(tai)(tai)(tai)原(yuan))。以(yi)后(hou)宋(song)(song)朝(chao)、金國(guo)的河東路(lu)、河東北(bei)路(lu),明、清兩朝(chao)以(yi)來(lai)皆為(wei)府。民(min)國(guo)時(shi)期(qi)改為(wei)市,成為(wei)山(shan)(shan)西(xi)省(sheng)(sheng)會所(suo)在(zai),一(yi)(yi)直沿用至今。
趙郡堂(tang)(tang):以望(wang)立堂(tang)(tang)。
太原(yuan)堂(tang):以望(wang)立堂(tang)。
四言通用聯
巧思博學;善戰多謀(mou)。
——上聯(lian)典指隋(sui)朝(chao)時期的(de)(de)朔方人(ren)宇(yu)文(wen)愷(kai),字安樂(le),喜讀書(shu),多技藝(yi),有巧思(si)。隋(sui)文(wen)帝(di)時任(ren)營新都(dou)副(fu)監(jian),興建(jian)大興城,又(you)開(kai)鑿廣(guang)通渠(qu),決(jue)渭水(shui)達黃河,以便利漕運;隋(sui)煬(yang)帝(di)時歷官(guan)營東都(dou)副(fu)監(jian)、將作大匠(jiang)、工部尚書(shu),所規(gui)劃(hua)的(de)(de)東都(dou)建(jian)筑(zhu)極為奢華。著有《東都(dou)圖(tu)記》、《明堂(tang)圖(tu)議》等。下(xia)聯(lian)典指宇(yu)文(wen)愷(kai)之兄(xiong)宇(yu)文(wen)忻,字仲(zhong)樂(le),善戰多謀,曾擊敗北周大將尉遲(chi)迥,封(feng)英國公(gong)。楊堅建(jian)隋(sui)朝(chao)后(hou)一直(zhi)非常器重他。
折草(cao)累石;正(zheng)色(se)立(li)朝。
——上聯典指南北(bei)朝時期北(bei)周的宇文深,幼時折草為(wei)旗,累(lei)石(shi)為(wei)營,作(zuo)軍陣之勢以(yi)嬉,日后果為(wei)名將。下(xia)聯典指隋(sui)朝時期的宇文弼,隋(sui)開皇初年為(wei)尚書左(zuo)丞,當官(guan)正(zheng)色,為(wei)百僚(liao)所憚(dan)。
五言通用聯
望出太原(yuan)郡(jun);源自宇(yu)文國。
——全聯典(dian)指宇文氏的郡(jun)望和得姓源流。
六言通用聯
宇(yu)宙寥闊萬里;文明昌盛千秋。
——此聯(lian)為以(yi)鶴頂(ding)格(ge)鑲嵌宇文復姓(xing)之“宇文”二字的(de)嵌字聯(lian)。
七言通用聯
觀(guan)兒(er)戲料為良(liang)將;立戰功得(de)沐侯封。
——上聯典指南(nan)北(bei)朝時期北(bei)周(zhou)的(de)武川(chuan)人宇(yu)(yu)文深,字奴千,幼時曾用草、石擺軍(jun)陣,父親(qin)宇(yu)(yu)文永遇見了大喜,料(liao)定他日后必為良(liang)將(jiang)。后隨北(bei)周(zhou)孝武帝(di)西遷,以都(dou)督領宿衛兵(bing)。北(bei)周(zhou)大統年(nian)間官東雍州(zhou)刺史,封長樂侯,后官至司(si)會(hui)中大夫。下聯典指南(nan)北(bei)朝時期北(bei)周(zhou)的(de)武川(chuan)人宇(yu)(yu)文虬,字樂仁,少年(nian)時從軍(jun),因戰功封南(nan)安(an)侯,官至驃騎大將(jiang)軍(jun)、開府儀(yi)同三司(si)。在(zai)戰場(chang)上,他總是身先士卒,所以能上下同心,戰無(wu)不勝(sheng)。
六人稱王(wang)傳(chuan)名遠;五州總(zong)管播惠長。
——上(shang)聯典指宇文復姓在(zai)歷史(shi)上(shang)稱帝者共有(you)六人,創(chuang)立北周王(wang)朝。下聯典指南北朝時期北周孝閔帝之子宇文康,字(zi)乾定,封紀王(wang),總(zong)督利、始等五州大小劍二(er)防諸軍事。
南冠終(zhong)日(ri)囚軍(jun)府;北(bei)雁何時(shi)到上林(lin)。
——此聯為(wei)金(jin)國的大臣宇文虛(xu)(xu)中《在(zai)金(jin)日作(zuo)三首(shou)》詩句聯。“囚軍府”,指(zhi)宇文虛(xu)(xu)中奉使金(jin)國,被留不放(fang)還。“上林”,代指(zhi)南宋王(wang)朝。
八言以上通用聯
幼歲攻書(shu),不從(cong)筆(bi)硯(yan)為迂腐(fu);少年受學,惟憑(ping)劍馬(ma)取(qu)公侯。
——上聯(lian)典(dian)指隋(sui)朝(chao)時期的大將軍宇(yu)(yu)文(wen)慶事典(dian)。下聯(lian)典(dian)指南北朝(chao)時期北周的夏州名(ming)人宇(yu)(yu)文(wen)貴(gui)(gui),字永貴(gui)(gui),少受(shou)學,輟書嘆曰:“男兒當提劍汗馬(ma)以取(qu)公(gong)侯,何能為博士?”后仕(shi)魏(wei)為大將軍,屢著戰功,封(feng)許國公(gong)。
家譜文獻
宇(yu)文氏族譜,(明)危(wei)素序,明朝年(nian)間木刻活字印本。現(xian)被收藏在中國(guo)國(guo)家(jia)圖書館(guan)、日本東京國(guo)立博物館(guan)。
北(bei)朝北(bei)魏將領。武川(chuan)(今(jin)屬內(nei)蒙)人。鮮(xian)卑族,宇(yu)文泰父。魏明帝(di)時(shi),破(po)六韓拔陵起義,宇(yu)文肱(gong)聚兵攻殺破(po)六韓拔陵部將衛可孤。遷居中山(shan)。后率眾加入鮮(xian)于修禮軍(jun),被魏軍(jun)擊敗(bai),戰(zhan)死。北(bei)周(zhou)追尊為德皇(huang)帝(di)。
(489-546),北朝西魏(wei)將領(ling)。字澄鏡,宇文泰族子(zi)(zi)。宇文測性(xing)沉(chen)密,少篤學。起(qi)家奉(feng)朝請、殿中侍御史(shi)、安(an)東(dong)將軍。尚宣武帝(di)女陽平(ping)公主,拜駙馬都尉。從孝武帝(di)西入(ru)關,進爵為(wei)公。西魏(wei)文帝(di)大統四年(nian)(538),拜侍中。六年(nian),坐事免(mian)。不久,除驃(piao)騎大將軍、大都督、行(xing)汾州(zhou)事。八(ba)年(nian),加金紫光祿大夫,轉行(xing)綏州(zhou)事。十(shi)年(nian),征拜太子(zi)(zi)少保。十(shi)二年(nian)十(shi)月,在任去世。
(498-554),北朝西(xi)魏將領(ling)。好(hao)讀書,馳馬能左(zuo)右射。少襲爵(jue),與(yu)魏孝武帝(di)有布衣交,帝(di)用為閣內大都督。共議西(xi)附宇(yu)文(wen)泰(tai),又護帝(di)至關中(zhong)。宇(yu)文(wen)泰(tai)用為帳內大都督。后進位儀同三司、散騎常(chang)侍。魏恭(gong)帝(di)元(yuan)年去世。
(505-556),北朝北魏、西(xi)魏將(jiang)領。字黑獺(ta),代郡武(wu)川(chuan)(今(jin)內蒙(meng)古武(wu)川(chuan)西(xi))人,鮮卑族。
(511-554),北朝西(xi)魏將領。字(zi)菩薩,顥子。隨宇(yu)文泰(tai)入(ru)關中,西(xi)魏文帝初為領軍將軍,率領禁(jin)軍。泰(tai)與高(gao)歡作戰。常留守后方。大統四年(538),為華(hua)州(zhou)(zhou)刺(ci)史。泰(tai)軍在洛陽失(shi)敗(bai),趙青雀、于伏德等乘時據長安、咸陽。宇(yu)文導由華(hua)州(zhou)(zhou)率軍攻破咸陽,又與泰(tai)合(he)師收(shou)回(hui)長安。后出守隴(long)右(you),去世在上邽,謚(shi)孝。
(?-568),北(bei)朝北(bei)周臣。字奴(nu)干(gan),測弟。起家秘書(shu)(shu)郎。好讀(du)兵書(shu)(shu),有謀略(lve)。宇文泰(tai)用為(wei)相府主(zhu)簿。為(wei)泰(tai)籌劃擒(qin)竇泰(tai)、取(qu)弘農(nong)及沙苑(yuan)作戰方略(lve)。封長(chang)樂(le)縣侯(hou)。周武帝保定初,為(wei)京兆尹,轉(zhuan)司會中大夫(fu)。為(wei)政嚴(yan)明,抑制豪右,受人贊譽。
(約515-572),北(bei)(bei)朝北(bei)(bei)周權臣。武(wu)川(今內(nei)蒙古(gu)武(wu)川西)人。宇(yu)文泰之侄。
(531-578),北(bei)(bei)朝北(bei)(bei)周(zhou)將領。代郡(jun)武(wu)川(今屬內蒙古)人(ren)。鮮(xian)卑(bei)族(zu)。周(zhou)文帝(di)宇(yu)文泰族(zu)子(zi)。父顯和,仕魏,為孝(xiao)武(wu)帝(di)進入關之(zhi)計(ji)。后隨(sui)從入關。宇(yu)文神舉以周(zhou)明帝(di)初(chu),起家中侍(shi)上士。明帝(di)留意文學而神舉雅(ya)好篇什(shen),常得(de)侍(shi)從。周(zhou)武(wu)帝(di)保定間,歷任車騎大將軍、儀(yi)同三司諸職。建德元年(nian)為京(jing)兆(zhao)尹,三年(nian),出為熊州刺史(shi)。從周(zhou)武(wu)帝(di)伐齊,齊平,為并州刺史(shi)。宣(xuan)(xuan)政(zheng)元年(nian)(578),周(zhou)武(wu)帝(di)卒,幽州人(ren)盧昌(chang)期、祖英(ying)伯(bo)等舉兵反周(zhou),盧思(si)道亦(yi)預其(qi)事(shi)。神舉率兵平亂,見(jian)思(si)道,令作(zuo)露布,乃釋其(qi)罪(zui)。又從越王宇(yu)文盛平稽胡,敗(bai)突厥。師(shi)還,以武(wu)帝(di)時(shi)嘗(chang)與王軌(gui)、宇(yu)文孝(xiao)伯(bo)言宣(xuan)(xuan)帝(di)之(zhi)短(duan)于武(wu)帝(di),兼以功高(gao),宣(xuan)(xuan)帝(di)使人(ren)鴆之(zhi),卒于馬邑。史(shi)稱宇(yu)文神舉“博涉經史(shi),性(xing)愛(ai)篇章”。
(534-560),北朝北周(zhou)皇帝。小(xiao)字(zi)統萬突(tu)。鮮卑(bei)族。宇(yu)文(wen)(wen)泰庶長子。西(xi)魏大統十四年(548),封寧(ning)都郡(jun)公。北周(zhou)建(jian)國(guo)后任柱國(guo),岐州刺史(shi)。557年被宇(yu)文(wen)(wen)護(hu)(hu)立(li)為天王,宇(yu)文(wen)(wen)護(hu)(hu)輔政(zheng)專權。559年宇(yu)文(wen)(wen)護(hu)(hu)歸政(zheng),始親政(zheng),稱皇帝,改元武(wu)成(cheng)。仍受(shou)制(zhi)于宇(yu)文(wen)(wen)護(hu)(hu)。武(wu)成(cheng)二(er)年(560)四月,被宇(yu)文(wen)(wen)護(hu)(hu)毒(du)死。葬昭陵。謚明皇帝,廟號世宗。年號武(wu)成(cheng)。
(542-557),北(bei)朝北(bei)周創建(jian)者。字陁羅尼。鮮卑族。代(dai)郡武川(今屬內蒙(meng)古)人,西魏權臣宇文泰第三子(zi)。
北朝北周將領。字樂仁,武川(今(jin)屬(shu)內(nei)蒙古)人。驍(xiao)悍有(you)膽(dan)略。少從(cong)征討(tao),累有(you)戰(zhan)(zhan)功(gong),封南(nan)安(an)侯。后為(wei)獨孤(gu)信帳內(nei)都督,隨(sui)信奔梁。復回(hui)歸,進爵為(wei)公。從(cong)復弘農(nong),破沙(sha)苑,戰(zhan)(zhan)河橋(qiao),皆有(you)功(gong),累遷南(nan)秦(qin)州刺(ci)史(shi)、驃騎大將軍、開府儀同(tong)(tong)三司。宇文(wen)虬每經戰(zhan)(zhan)陣,必身先士卒,故(gu)上下同(tong)(tong)心(xin),戰(zhan)(zhan)無不克。后拜金(jin)州刺(ci)史(shi)、大將軍卒。
(543-578),北朝北周皇帝。小字(zi)禰羅突。鮮卑族。武川(今(jin)內蒙(meng)古武川西)人。宇文(wen)泰第四子。
(?-576),北朝(chao)北周將(jiang)領(ling)。字永貴,其先(xian)昌黎(今(jin)屬河(he)北)人,后徙居(ju)夏州(zhou)(今(jin)陜西(xi)橫山縣西(xi))。善騎(qi)射,有將(jiang)帥才(cai)。魏正光末(mo),破六韓拔陵(ling)圍(wei)夏州(zhou),刺史嬰城(cheng)固守,以(yi)貴為(wei)統軍。后從爾朱榮,以(yi)戰功封革融縣侯。大統中,屢著戰功,官至(zhi)大將(jiang)軍。周孝閔帝即位(wei),進位(wei)柱國(guo),封許(xu)國(guo)公,歷官大司徒、太保。天和中出使突厥,回至(zhi)張掖卒。
(543-578),北(bei)朝(chao)北(bei)周(zhou)臣。字(zi)胡三(san),深子。少被宇(yu)文泰撫養。與武帝(di)同日生,同學,相知甚(shen)深。邕即位,以與其(qi)(qi)共讀(du)為(wei)(wei)由,引置(zhi)左右,方(fang)得聯(lian)絡(luo)內外,誅殺宇(yu)文護。為(wei)(wei)左宮正,輔太子赟(yun)(yun),數言(yan)赟(yun)(yun)過(guo)。帝(di)出京,常令其(qi)(qi)留守。帝(di)將(jiang)卒,執(zhi)手(shou)托(tuo)以后事,即令為(wei)(wei)司衛上(shang)大夫。入京鎮守。宣帝(di)初,為(wei)(wei)小冢(zhong)宰,數言(yan)朝(chao)政得失,拒助帝(di)殺齊王憲,賜死。后楊堅言(yan):若孝伯在,己即無(wu)機遇。
(544-578),北(bei)朝(chao)北(bei)周(zhou)宗室。字(zi)毗賀(he)突,宇文(wen)泰(tai)第五子,周(zhou)武(wu)帝宇文(wen)邕弟。性(xing)通敏,有度量。
北朝北周宗室。字(zi)豆羅突,邕(yong)同母(mu)弟。周初封衛國公,附宇文(wen)護。武帝(di)天和中與陳軍作戰兵敗(bai),免職。遂(sui)怨護,助邕(yong)殺護。求為大司馬,帝(di)未許。建德三年(574)進爵為王。同年,帝(di)赴云陽宮,直在(zai)長安(an)舉兵攻宮城。事敗(bai),逃至荊州被擒,免為庶人(ren),囚在(zai)別宮。不久被殺。
(?-578),北朝(chao)北周(zhou)宗室(shi)。字侯(hou)幼突,宇文泰子。明帝(di)武成初(chu),封(feng)譙(qiao)國公。武帝(di)天和中,拜(bai)大將(jiang)軍,遷柱國,出為(wei)益州總(zong)管。建德三年(nian)(574),宇文儉進爵為(wei)王。五年(nian),東伐,攻永固城,拔之。六(liu)年(nian),拜(bai)大冢宰(zai)。宣政元(yuan)年(nian)(578)二月卒。
(?-580),北朝(chao)北周宗室。字度斤突,宇文泰子。性果(guo)決,善騎射。明帝(di)(di)(di)(di)武成初(chu),封代國公。武帝(di)(di)(di)(di)天(tian)和(he)元年(nian)(566),拜大將軍。建德初(chu),進位柱國,出為(wei)荊州刺史。三年(nian)(574),進爵為(wei)王(wang)。出為(wei)益州總管。宣帝(di)(di)(di)(di)即位,進位上(shang)柱國。靜帝(di)(di)(di)(di)大象元年(nian)(579),拜大右弼。二年(nian),為(wei)隋文帝(di)(di)(di)(di)楊(yang)堅所殺。
(?-580),北朝(chao)北周(zhou)宗(zong)室、文人。字豆盧突。代郡武川(今(jin)屬內蒙古)人。鮮卑族。宇文泰子。
(?-580),北朝北周宗室、文人(ren)。字爾(er)固突。代郡武川(今屬內(nei)蒙古)人(ren)。鮮卑族。宇文泰之子。
北(bei)朝北(bei)周將領。河南洛(luo)陽(今(jin)屬(shu)河南)人。孝文(wen)帝太(tai)和初,為(wei)羽林郎將,數有(you)戰功(gong)。魏遷(qian)都洛(luo)陽,宇文(wen)福(fu)奉命規劃牧地,在黃河南北(bei)地近千里,放養雜畜(chu)。后攻高(gao)車敗,被貶。宣(xuan)武(wu)帝即位,用為(wei)南征(zheng)統軍,有(you)戰功(gong)。歷任(ren)豫(yu)、瀛州刺(ci)史,太(tai)仆卿,懷朔鎮(zhen)將。卒于鎮(zhen),謚貞惠(hui)。
(559-580),北朝北周皇帝(di)(di)。字乾伯(bo)。鮮卑族。邕長(chang)子(zi)(zi)。邕慮其不堪重任(ren),待其嚴(yan)格,朝見(jian)如群臣(chen),有過則杖責。初(chu)即位(wei),下令(ling)嚴(yan)律法;任(ren)用北齊官員。殺齊王憲,令(ling)左右密察群臣(chen)言(yan)行。法嚴(yan)刑(xing)苛,禁臣(chen)下有高大(da)之稱。次(ci)年,以子(zi)(zi)衍為皇帝(di)(di),自稱天元(yuan)皇帝(di)(di)。大(da)興土木,恣意聲色。對國家典章制度等,皆有變革(ge)。大(da)象二年令(ling)楊堅(jian)出為揚州總(zong)管。事未(wei)行,病(bing),召(zhao)堅(jian)入宮(gong)。卒,謚宣帝(di)(di)。
(?-580),北朝北周宗室。字乾依,武帝宇文(wen)邕子(zi),初封漢國公。建德三年(574),進(jin)爵為(wei)王,仍柱(zhu)國。靜帝大象二年(580),楊堅輔(fu)政,欲順物情,乃進(jin)宇文(wen)贊上柱(zhu)國、右大丞相。外示尊崇,實(shi)無(wu)權柄。后(hou)轉太師。不久,為(wei)堅所殺。
(?-580),北(bei)朝北(bei)周宗室。字(zi)乾信,武帝宇文邕子,初封秦國公。武帝建德三年(nian)(574),進(jin)爵為(wei)王。靜帝大(da)(da)象二年(nian)(580)五月,進(jin)上柱國。六月,遷大(da)(da)冢(zhong)宰(zai)。八(ba)月,進(jin)位大(da)(da)右弼。不久(jiu),為(wei)楊堅所殺(sha)。
(?-580),北(bei)朝(chao)北(bei)周宗室。字立久(jiu)突,宇(yu)文(wen)泰子。明帝(di)武成初,封越國公(gong)。武帝(di)天和中,進爵為(wei)(wei)王。四年(nian)(nian)(569),大(da)軍伐齊,宇(yu)文(wen)盛為(wei)(wei)后一軍總管。并州平,進位上柱國。從平鄴,拜相州總管。宣政(zheng)元年(nian)(nian)(578),入為(wei)(wei)大(da)冢(zhong)宰。靜帝(di)大(da)象元年(nian)(nian)(579),遷(qian)大(da)前疑,轉太保(bao)。同年(nian)(nian)出(chu)就(jiu)國。二年(nian)(nian),朝(chao)京師。其(qi)秋,為(wei)(wei)隋文(wen)帝(di)楊堅所殺。
(523-586),隋將(jiang)領。京兆(治今(jin)陜西西安)人,本(ben)籍朔方(治今(jin)內蒙古(gu)烏審旗南白城子(zi)),字(zi)仲樂。少(shao)時(shi)即精(jing)騎(qi)射,慷慨有大志,自謂可勝過韓信、白起、衛青(qing)、霍去(qu)病等名將(jiang)。北(bei)周時(shi),從(cong)韋(wei)孝寬(kuan)守玉壁(bi),從(cong)武帝攻拔北(bei)齊晉陽,均以驍(xiao)勇敢(gan)戰立功(gong)。周末,從(cong)高颎、韋(wei)孝寬(kuan)破(po)尉遲(chi)迥,功(gong)為諸將(jiang)之最。進(jin)封英國公。入隋,以宿(su)將(jiang)遭(zao)忌,乃與梁士彥等謀反,事泄被(bei)殺。
(573-581),北(bei)朝(chao)北(bei)周皇(huang)帝(di)(di)。本名衍。鮮卑族(zu)。宣帝(di)(di)長子。大(da)成(cheng)元年(579),封(feng)魯王,不久立為皇(huang)太子。同(tong)年二月(yue)受父禪即(ji)位,年僅7歲。改元大(da)象。外戚楊(yang)堅(jian)執(zhi)掌朝(chao)政,恢復佛、道兩教,大(da)殺周朝(chao)宗室(shi)。大(da)定元年(581)二月(yue),被(bei)迫禪位于楊(yang)堅(jian),封(feng)介國公(gong),北(bei)周亡。同(tong)年五月(yue)被(bei)殺。葬恭陵(ling)。謚靜(jing)帝(di)(di)。
隋將(jiang),字神慶,祖籍武川(今屬(shu)內蒙古),后(hou)為洛陽人,鮮(xian)卑族(zu),宇文氏族(zu)子。周(zhou)初受業(ye)東觀(guan),頗涉(she)經史(shi)。后(hou)應(ying)募從征,以功授都(dou)督。復(fu)從武帝轉戰各(ge)地,拔高壁,克并(bing)州,下信都(dou),功居(ju)諸將(jiang)之首,故(gu)進位大(da)將(jiang)軍,封汝南郡公。入隋,拜左武衛將(jiang)軍,進上柱(zhu)國,出為涼州總管(guan)。后(hou)還都(dou),卒(zu)于家。
(555-612),隋建筑家。字(zi)安樂,朔(shuo)方(fang)夏(xia)州(zhou)(今(jin)陜西(xi)靖邊)人。
(?-616),隋朝將領。字伯通(tong),代郡武川(今內(nei)蒙古武川南)人(ren),出身鮮卑貴族。
(?-619),隋代末年叛軍首領。代郡武川(今內蒙古武川西)人。隋大將宇文述之子。
唐將(jiang)領。字仁(ren)人,京兆(zhao)長(chang)安人。父(fu)述,為隋(sui)右衛(wei)大將(jiang)軍。隋(sui)開(kai)皇末(601),封新城縣公。
宇(yu)(yu)文(wen)成(cheng)都,小說(shuo)《說(shuo)唐》《忠義響馬傳(chuan)(chuan)》《興唐傳(chuan)(chuan)》中人物(wu),宇(yu)(yu)文(wen)化及(ji)(ji)(ji)之子。被(bei)隋煬帝(di)封為(wei)天(tian)(tian)保(bao)大將軍之職(zhi)。兵器鳳翅鎦金(jin)镋[tǎng],被(bei)稱為(wei)隋唐第二條好漢,在(zai)四平山力(li)挫三(san)杰。曾在(zai)晉陽(yang)與(yu)李淵(yuan)之子李元霸比武,輸給(gei)李元霸。與(yu)瓦崗寨(zhai)英(ying)使(shi)一(yi)柄鳳翅鎦金(jin)镋,重三(san)百二十斤”,傳(chuan)(chuan)說(shuo)為(wei)九天(tian)(tian)應元雷神(shen)普化天(tian)(tian)尊轉世(shi)。雄為(wei)敵,幫助父(fu)奪(duo)取(qu)隋朝天(tian)(tian)下,在(zai)揚州被(bei)李元霸所(suo)殺。歷史上,宇(yu)(yu)文(wen)化及(ji)(ji)(ji)有二子:宇(yu)(yu)文(wen)承基、宇(yu)(yu)文(wen)承趾,宇(yu)(yu)文(wen)化及(ji)(ji)(ji)同時(shi)被(bei)竇建(jian)德斬殺。
(?-約(yue)730),唐(tang)臣。京兆(zhao)萬年(今陜西(xi)西(xi)安)人(ren)。開元初任監(jian)察(cha)御史。時土地(di)兼并嚴重,人(ren)口(kou)流失,稅(shui)收受到影響。他建議檢括(kuo)逃亡戶口(kou)和籍外占田(tian)。并自(zi)任勸農使,率判官二十(shi)余人(ren)出使各地(di),清出客戶八十(shi)余萬和大(da)量(liang)土地(di)。開元十(shi)七(qi)年(729),拜(bai)黃(huang)門侍(shi)郎(lang),同中(zhong)書門下平章事(shi)。他善于(yu)薦舉人(ren)才,在相(xiang)期間(jian),薦宋璟為(wei)(wei)右丞相(xiang)、裴(pei)耀(yao)卿(qing)為(wei)(wei)戶部侍(shi)郎(lang)、許景(jing)先(xian)為(wei)(wei)工部侍(shi)郎(lang)。在相(xiang)位僅百日即罷貶為(wei)(wei)汝州刺史,又流巖州,卒于(yu)途中(zhong)。
唐臣(chen)。字周重,河南(nan)(nan)(今河南(nan)(nan)洛陽)人。御(yu)史中丞(cheng)宇文邈之子。元(yuan)和六年(nian)(811),與江淮從事李公(gong)佐會(hui)于(yu)漢(han)南(nan)(nan)。長(chang)慶初,任(ren)右(you)拾遺(yi),與李玨等進言勸穆宗戒酒色(se)。歷倉部(bu)(bu)員外郎(lang)(lang)、左司員外郎(lang)(lang)、吏(li)部(bu)(bu)員外郎(lang)(lang)。大(da)和三年(nian)(829),自吏(li)部(bu)(bu)郎(lang)(lang)中為御(yu)史中丞(cheng)。又兼刑部(bu)(bu)侍(shi)郎(lang)(lang)。六年(nian),為戶部(bu)(bu)侍(shi)郎(lang)(lang)、判度支。出為華州(zhou)刺(ci)史。八年(nian),坐贓事貶循州(zhou)刺(ci)史。
(1029-1082),北(bei)宋學(xue)者。字公(gong)南,漢(han)州(zhou)綿竹(今屬四川(chuan))人。進士及第,為文(wen)州(zhou)曲水縣令。神宗即位,上(shang)疏言政事,不報,遂(sui)以(yi)太子中允致(zhi)仕。自強于學(xue),不易其志,退居十五年(nian),常為經史(shi)琴酒(jiu)之樂,學(xue)者稱止(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)止(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)先生(sheng)。司馬光、范鎮等盛譽之,以(yi)為“位下而(er)言高,學(xue)富而(er)行(xing)篤”。元豐五年(nian)卒(zu)。著有《止(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)止(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)先生(sheng)宇文(wen)公(gong)集(ji)》二(er)十二(er)卷,今已佚。
(?-1139),宋臣。字仲達(da),一作仲理,成(cheng)都華(hua)陽(yang)(今四川(chuan)雙流)人(ren)。崇寧二年(nian)(nian)(1103)進士(shi)。入仕后曾任中書(shu)舍人(ren)、翰林學士(shi)承旨(zhi)等職。宣和(he)六(liu)年(nian)(nian)(1124)官至尚書(shu)右丞(cheng)。后出為地(di)方官。南宋初知濮(pu)州時被俘,金人(ren)嘉其忠義放歸(gui),乃以(yi)光祿大(da)夫出知潼川(chuan)府。紹興元年(nian)(nian)(1131)辭官,以(yi)其弟(di)宇文時中代理府事。從此閑居至卒。
(1079-1146),金臣。字叔通,宇文(wen)粹中之弟。
南(nan)宋臣(chen)。字挺(ting)臣(chen),顯謨閣(ge)待(dai)制(zhi)宇文師瑗養(yang)子。成(cheng)都(dou)廣都(dou)(今(jin)四川(chuan)雙流)人。初補官(guan)仕(shi)州縣。舉進士(shi)。累遷寶(bao)謨閣(ge)待(dai)制(zhi)、知(zhi)(zhi)廬(lu)州。時,韓侂(tuo)(tuo)胄(zhou)方議(yi)舉兵北(bei)伐。紹節(jie)致書侂(tuo)(tuo)胄(zhou),認為有(you)復仇(chou)之(zhi)志(zhi),無復仇(chou)之(zhi)略;有(you)開(kai)(kai)邊(bian)之(zhi)害,無開(kai)(kai)邊(bian)之(zhi)利(li),不量國(guo)力,冒險進取。侂(tuo)(tuo)胄(zhou)見書不樂。召(zhao)還,以寶(bao)文閣(ge)待(dai)制(zhi)知(zhi)(zhi)鎮(zhen)江(jiang)府。除(chu)湖(hu)北(bei)京西(xi)宣撫使,知(zhi)(zhi)江(jiang)陵(ling)府。統制(zhi)官(guan)高悅(yue)肆意殺掠,紹節(jie)召(zhao)至,收其(qi)部曲(qu),旋有(you)人控訴悅(yue)縱所部剽劫者(zhe),加以杖殺,兵民皆歡(huan)喜。官(guan)至端(duan)明殿學士(shi)、簽書樞密院(yuan)事,卒。謚(shi)忠(zhong)惠。
元文(wen)學家。字子貞,成都(dou)人(ren),后徙吳興(今浙江湖州)。元統進士。
其他宇(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)姓名(ming)人(ren)有晉宇(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)鮮卑族首領宇(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)莫槐、宇(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)莫廆、宇(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)屈云、宇(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)遜尼延、宇(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)乞得歸、宇(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)逸(yi)豆歸;南北朝東魏史學家(jia)宇(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)忠之,西魏將(jiang)領宇(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)洛生、宇(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)顥,北周大(da)(da)(da)臣(chen)宇(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)純、宇(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)寔、宇(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)興、宇(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)貞、宇(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)賢、宇(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)善,將(jiang)領宇(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)亮、宇(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)延、宇(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)安慶、宇(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)椿;隋大(da)(da)(da)臣(chen)宇(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)弼、宇(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)靜禮、宇(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)皛、宇(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)智及,將(jiang)領宇(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)協;唐大(da)(da)(da)臣(chen)宇(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)穎、宇(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)節;宋大(da)(da)(da)臣(chen)宇(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)昌齡、宇(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)常,學者宇(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)紹奕、宇(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)懋昭等。近當代宇(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)姓名(ming)人(ren)有經濟學家(jia)宇(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)舉(ju),畫家(jia)宇(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)洲(zhou),歌(ge)唱演員宇(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)永(yong)清等
1940年生于吉林龍井,1958年考入東(dong)北師范(fan)大學(xue)美(mei)術系學(xue)習。1965年畢業分配到北京畫(hua)院工作。作品以青綠山水(shui)(shui)創作為(wei)主。其(qi)創作力求(qiu)把水(shui)(shui)墨山水(shui)(shui)和重彩(cai)青綠山水(shui)(shui)融為(wei)一體作品構圖飽(bao)滿。氣勢雄偉(wei)。現(xian)為(wei)北京畫(hua)院專(zhuan)業畫(hua)家。國(guo)家一級美(mei)術師。北京中(zhong)國(guo)畫(hua)研究會(hui)會(hui)長。中(zhong)國(guo)美(mei)術家協(xie)會(hui)會(hui)員。