鞠(ju)杲(生卒年(nian)月不詳),北(bei)宋吳川(chuan)(chuan)人,元祐(you)進士(shi),他是吳川(chuan)(chuan)歷史上第(di)一位(wei)進士(shi)。河南鞠(ju)詠之后(hou),故居(ju)在(zai)原吳川(chuan)(chuan)縣北(bei)十一都溫口村(cun)(現(xian)吳川(chuan)(chuan)市黃(huang)坡鎮穩(wen)村(cun)也叫(jiao)彎村(cun))。
北宋(song)末期,宋(song)神(shen)宗為了挽救(jiu)危機,支持(chi)王安石實行變法(fa)(fa),此舉(ju)遭到保守派的(de)強(qiang)烈反(fan)對(dui)。在(zai)變法(fa)(fa)派與保守派的(de)反(fan)復斗爭中,鞠杲站在(zai)保守派一方(fang),于元符中年入京上書,“辭(ci)極抗直地力數改革(ge)派章惇、蔡卞等(deng)人的(de)罪(zui)行,激怒了章惇,遂被列為“奸黨”貶謫終身(shen)。保守派復辟后則(ze)尊他為鄉賢加以崇祀。
鞠(ju)杲(gao)的(de)祖(zu)上是密州高密的(de)世家大(da)族,遠祖(zu)鞠(ju)真、鞠(ju)常、鞠(ju)仲謀、鞠(ju)礪、鞠(ju)詠連續五(wu)代皆為北(bei)宋(song)大(da)臣,其中(zhong)鞠(ju)常、鞠(ju)詠還名列《宋(song)史(shi)》,
據《宋(song)史(shi)》和高安鞠(ju)(ju)(ju)氏(shi)族譜記載(zai):北宋(song)真宗(zong)時期的侍(shi)御史(shi)鞠(ju)(ju)(ju)仲(zhong)(zhong)謀(mou)傳(chuan)二子,長子鞠(ju)(ju)(ju)礪(li)(li),次子鞠(ju)(ju)(ju)砥。鞠(ju)(ju)(ju)仲(zhong)(zhong)謀(mou)之(zhi)父(fu)鞠(ju)(ju)(ju)常,漢乾祐二年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)擢(zhuo)進(jin)士第,年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)二十(shi)一......開寶七年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),寢疾,卒(zu)(zu)于官舍,年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)四(si)十(shi)七,享(xiang)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)應(ying)為(wei)(wei)公元(yuan)(yuan)928-974年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)。又載(zai):夫人于氏(shi)“太(tai)平興(xing)國七年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)卒(zu)(zu)于私第,年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)四(si)十(shi)七。”享(xiang)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)應(ying)為(wei)(wei)公元(yuan)(yuan)936-982年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)。假(jia)如于氏(shi)夫人在十(shi)八(ba)歲生長子鞠(ju)(ju)(ju)仲(zhong)(zhong)謀(mou),那么鞠(ju)(ju)(ju)仲(zhong)(zhong)謀(mou)的出生年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)應(ying)是后周(zhou)廣(guang)順三(san)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(公元(yuan)(yuan)953年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)),到《宋(song)會要輯稿》記載(zai)的“景德二年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(公元(yuan)(yuan)1005年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))正月(yue)二十(shi)八(ba),命(ming)侍(shi)御史(shi)鞠(ju)(ju)(ju)仲(zhong)(zhong)謀(mou)為(wei)(wei)國子監考(kao)試(shi)知(zhi)舉(ju)官”整53歲。而(er)鞠(ju)(ju)(ju)詠(yong),參閱(yue)《宋(song)史(shi)》只能查(cha)到他的卒(zu)(zu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),據載(zai):“鞠(ju)(ju)(ju)詠(yong),開封人,詠(yong)十(shi)歲而(er)孤,父(fu)勵為(wei)(wei)廣(guang)南轉運使”,又載(zai):“天圣八(ba)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1030年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)).......判登(deng)聞檢院,明年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)詠(yong)卒(zu)(zu)。”因此認定鞠(ju)(ju)(ju)詠(yong)卒(zu)(zu)于公元(yuan)(yuan)1031年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)。由此得出的輩分排序為(wei)(wei):常-仲(zhong)(zhong)謀(mou)-礪(li)(li)-詠(yong),從(cong)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)齡結構上是合理的,而(er)《宋(song)史(shi)》中(zhong)的“勵”亦可為(wei)(wei)“礪(li)(li)”。
鞠(ju)(ju)杲,從(cong)家譜上(shang)得知(zhi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)鞠(ju)(ju)仲謀長子鞠(ju)(ju)礪(li)的(de)(de)嫡傳,那(nei)么(me)他的(de)(de)輩分排序應(ying)該怎樣(yang)(yang)確定呢?首先,鞠(ju)(ju)杲上(shang)書彈(dan)劾章惇在歷(li)史(shi)上(shang)很有(you)名(ming),各種史(shi)籍(ji)多有(you)記載,時(shi)間是(shi)(shi)(shi)在“北宋元符(fu)(fu)中”,大約(yue)是(shi)(shi)(shi)1099年(nian)(nian),歷(li)史(shi)記載:“鞠(ju)(ju)杲中進(jin)士(shi)第不(bu)久(jiu)便進(jin)京上(shang)書,彈(dan)劾章惇妨賢誤國,言極(ji)抗直(zhi)(zhi)”。湛江(jiang)吳(wu)川(chuan)史(shi)志上(shang)說(shuo),鞠(ju)(ju)杲是(shi)(shi)(shi)吳(wu)川(chuan)歷(li)史(shi)上(shang)中進(jin)士(shi)的(de)(de)第一(yi)人(ren)。進(jin)一(yi)步(bu)分析,一(yi)般(ban)參加(jia)科考(kao)都在青壯年(nian)(nian),像范進(jin)那(nei)樣(yang)(yang)七老八十了才中舉(ju)人(ren)的(de)(de),即使不(bu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)小說(shuo)的(de)(de)夸張也是(shi)(shi)(shi)特例。彈(dan)劾事件(jian)既(ji)然發生在元符(fu)(fu)中,此時(shi)鞠(ju)(ju)杲正當青壯年(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)四十歲以前,而鞠(ju)(ju)詠(yong)卒年(nian)(nian)在1031年(nian)(nian),青壯年(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)鞠(ju)(ju)杲同卒年(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)鞠(ju)(ju)詠(yong)就(jiu)已知(zhi)時(shi)間判(pan)斷就(jiu)相差68年(nian)(nian),因為(wei)是(shi)(shi)(shi)直(zhi)(zhi)系(xi)傳人(ren),68年(nian)(nian)至(zhi)少應(ying)傳續三代以上(shang)。吳(wu)川(chuan)的(de)(de)一(yi)位網友認為(wei):鞠(ju)(ju)詠(yong)是(shi)(shi)(shi)鞠(ju)(ju)杲之父。這(zhe)(zhe)個(ge)顯然不(bu)合(he)邏輯,假設鞠(ju)(ju)詠(yong)病逝時(shi)鞠(ju)(ju)杲年(nian)(nian)方一(yi)歲,到元符(fu)(fu)中的(de)(de)1099年(nian)(nian)已經是(shi)(shi)(shi)68歲的(de)(de)老人(ren),偌大年(nian)(nian)紀尚(shang)能遠(yuan)涉幾千里,風塵仆仆的(de)(de)從(cong)吳(wu)川(chuan)到汴(bian)京上(shang)訪(fang)告狀這(zhe)(zhe)可能嗎?因此鞠(ju)(ju)杲應(ying)是(shi)(shi)(shi)鞠(ju)(ju)詠(yong)的(de)(de)孫輩或曾孫輩比(bi)較合(he)理。
其(qi)次,鞠(ju)(ju)(ju)杲(gao)中第是(shi)在(zai)吳(wu)川(chuan),吳(wu)川(chuan)在(zai)北(bei)宋隸屬(shu)廣(guang)南(nan)東(dong)路,其(qi)祖(zu)鞠(ju)(ju)(ju)礪(li)(li)又擔任過廣(guang)南(nan)轉(zhuan)運(yun)(yun)使(shi),看(kan)來(lai)鞠(ju)(ju)(ju)杲(gao)居吳(wu)川(chuan)是(shi)有(you)歷史(shi)(shi)原因的(de)(de)。北(bei)宋的(de)(de)轉(zhuan)運(yun)(yun)使(shi)權力很大,負責(ze)軍(jun)隊的(de)(de)軍(jun)需糧(liang)草供應和漕運(yun)(yun),相當(dang)于現在(zai)的(de)(de)后勤部長(chang),主要官員(yuan)由兵(bing)部委派(pai),不(bu)受地方轄制(zhi)。廣(guang)南(nan)路分東(dong)路和西路,廣(guang)南(nan)東(dong)路為現在(zai)的(de)(de)廣(guang)東(dong),西路是(shi)廣(guang)西,吳(wu)川(chuan)縣北(bei)“十一都溫口村(宋代歷史(shi)(shi)名稱(cheng))”正(zheng)(zheng)好在(zai)廣(guang)南(nan)東(dong)路漕運(yun)(yun)的(de)(de)要道(dao)上,是(shi)鞠(ju)(ju)(ju)礪(li)(li)工作的(de)(de)必經之(zhi)地,家住(zhu)開封的(de)(de)鞠(ju)(ju)(ju)礪(li)(li)在(zai)此選擇一塊(kuai)風水寶(bao)地投(tou)資(zi)田產(chan)很正(zheng)(zheng)常(chang)。想當(dang)初鞠(ju)(ju)(ju)仲謀從雍熙二年(nian)到端拱二年(nian)作康樂(le)(今江西萬載)主簿,利用五年(nian)的(de)(de)積(ji)蓄(xu)為二兒(er)子鞠(ju)(ju)(ju)砥在(zai)石崗投(tou)資(zi)一塊(kuai)田產(chan),可(ke)能是(shi)認為鞠(ju)(ju)(ju)砥仕途無(wu)望的(de)(de)長(chang)遠打算(suan)。而此時的(de)(de)長(chang)子鞠(ju)(ju)(ju)礪(li)(li),一定是(shi)成績優異,為父(fu)也(ye)一定看(kan)出他將(jiang)來(lai)的(de)(de)仕途無(wu)量,果(guo)然入(ru)仕后,先任尚(shang)書善部員(yuan)外(wai)郎(lang),后任廣(guang)南(nan)轉(zhuan)運(yun)(yun)使(shi),可(ke)謂(wei)官運(yun)(yun)亨通。鞠(ju)(ju)(ju)仲謀早期(qi)也(ye)曾擔任過陜西轉(zhuan)運(yun)(yun)使(shi),后來(lai)升(sheng)到兵(bing)部員(yuan)外(wai)郎(lang),父(fu)子倆(lia)先后在(zai)一個系統任職,真是(shi)一榮俱榮啊。可(ke)惜,鞠(ju)(ju)(ju)礪(li)(li)英年(nian)早逝。
新建西(xi)山(shan)(shan)鞠(ju)(ju)(ju)氏譜(pu)序上說:西(xi)山(shan)(shan)萬(wan)壽宮鞠(ju)(ju)(ju)氏的(de)(de)始(shi)遷祖(zu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)鞠(ju)(ju)(ju)杲,是(shi)(shi)(shi)為(wei)鞠(ju)(ju)(ju)仲(zhong)(zhong)謀守(shou)靈(ling)(ling)而(er)舉家(jia)遷徙。從時(shi)間上分析,鞠(ju)(ju)(ju)杲的(de)(de)遷徙應(ying)(ying)該(gai)是(shi)(shi)(shi)鞠(ju)(ju)(ju)仲(zhong)(zhong)謀卒后(hou)100多(duo)年(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)事了,而(er)距鞠(ju)(ju)(ju)砥遷石(shi)崗(gang)最少也晚了120年(nian)(nian)。金田鞠(ju)(ju)(ju)氏明(ming)朝萬(wan)歷三(san)十(shi)八年(nian)(nian)九(jiu)月譜(pu)序載(zai):鞠(ju)(ju)(ju)仲(zhong)(zhong)謀是(shi)(shi)(shi)大(da)(da)宋(song)景德(de)(de)二(er)(er)(er)十(shi)四(si)賢之一(yi)(yi),為(wei)了表彰他(ta)生前(qian)對朝廷(ting)做(zuo)出的(de)(de)貢獻,死后(hou)由(you)宋(song)真宗欽勅“柩葬大(da)(da)嶺(ling)(ling)......命子(zi)(zi)孫就而(er)居焉(yan)(yan)。”關于景德(de)(de)二(er)(er)(er)十(shi)四(si)賢歷史有(you)記載(zai),《資治通鑒卷二(er)(er)(er)十(shi)四(si)》載(zai):“帝密(mi)采群(qun)臣之有(you)聞(wen)望(wang)者,得刑部郎中邊肅,殿中丞(cheng)鞠(ju)(ju)(ju)仲(zhong)(zhong)謀......凡二(er)(er)(er)十(shi)四(si)人(ren)......或(huo)命為(wei)省府判官(guan),或(huo)升其差使焉(yan)(yan)。”鞠(ju)(ju)(ju)仲(zhong)(zhong)謀名列第二(er)(er)(er)。“景德(de)(de)二(er)(er)(er)十(shi)四(si)賢”,這是(shi)(shi)(shi)朝廷(ting)對現任(ren)官(guan)員政績的(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)種(zhong)褒獎(jiang),這說明(ming)在北宋(song)景德(de)(de)四(si)年(nian)(nian)(公元1007年(nian)(nian))以前(qian)鞠(ju)(ju)(ju)仲(zhong)(zhong)謀仍(reng)在任(ren)上,而(er)此(ci)時(shi)長子(zi)(zi)鞠(ju)(ju)(ju)礪已(yi)經先父而(er)終,由(you)此(ci)判斷,鞠(ju)(ju)(ju)仲(zhong)(zhong)謀享年(nian)(nian)應(ying)(ying)在六十(shi)歲以內。“大(da)(da)嶺(ling)(ling)”是(shi)(shi)(shi)葬地(di),宋(song)代(dai)的(de)(de)大(da)(da)嶺(ling)(ling)今無可考,很可能(neng)是(shi)(shi)(shi)今天西(xi)山(shan)(shan)前(qian)面的(de)(de)某一(yi)(yi)個(ge)地(di)方(fang)(fang)。“命子(zi)(zi)孫就而(er)居焉(yan)(yan)”就是(shi)(shi)(shi)責令子(zi)(zi)孫就地(di)居住,世代(dai)守(shou)靈(ling)(ling)。丁憂是(shi)(shi)(shi)古代(dai)行孝的(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)種(zhong)制(zhi)度(du),一(yi)(yi)般(ban)由(you)兒子(zi)(zi)來(lai)執行,規定是(shi)(shi)(shi)結廬墓旁,披麻戴孝,守(shou)靈(ling)(ling)三(san)年(nian)(nian)。仲(zhong)(zhong)謀公逝世之時(shi),長子(zi)(zi)鞠(ju)(ju)(ju)礪或(huo)已(yi)亡故,守(shou)靈(ling)(ling)的(de)(de)重任(ren)自然落在次子(zi)(zi)鞠(ju)(ju)(ju)砥身上,因此(ci)鞠(ju)(ju)(ju)砥及其后(hou)代(dai)應(ying)(ying)是(shi)(shi)(shi)第一(yi)(yi)波參與守(shou)靈(ling)(ling)的(de)(de)人(ren)。北宋(song)元符(fu)中即1099年(nian)(nian),鞠(ju)(ju)(ju)杲尚在吳川(chuan),因此(ci),遷徙時(shi)間應(ying)(ying)是(shi)(shi)(shi)鞠(ju)(ju)(ju)杲上告(gao)章(zhang)惇失敗被“貶謫終身”后(hou),方(fang)(fang)才舉家(jia)遷往洪(hong)州西(xi)山(shan)(shan),此(ci)時(shi)應(ying)(ying)該(gai)是(shi)(shi)(shi)鞠(ju)(ju)(ju)仲(zhong)(zhong)謀逝后(hou)大(da)(da)約90~100年(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)事了。