芒果视频下载

基本介紹

朱檀墓(mu)，又(you)稱魯(lu)荒(huang)王(wang)墓(mu)，坐(zuo)落在鄒城(cheng)市區北九(jiu)龍山(shan)南(nan)麓。朱檀為(wei)明太(tai)祖朱元(yuan)(yuan)璋(zhang)第十子。洪武三年（1370年），出生兩(liang)個月(yue)受(shou)封(feng)魯(lu)王(wang)，15歲(sui)(sui)就藩兗(yan)州。他(ta)“好(hao)文(wen)禮士，善詩歌(ge)”，篤信道(dao)教。為(wei)求長生不老藥，終日焚香誦經(jing)，燒煉(lian)“仙丹”，結果“餌金(jin)石藥，毒發發傷目(mu)”，洪武二(er)十二(er)年薨(hong)，年僅(jin)19歲(sui)(sui)。朱元(yuan)(yuan)璋(zhang)惡其荒(huang)唐，謚為(wei)“荒(huang)”。墓(mu)坐(zuo)北面(mian)南(nan)，依山(shan)建造，有巨(ju)大的封(feng)土堆，占地1.3萬(wan)余平方米。

景點景觀

歷史魯王(wang)(wang)朱檀(tan)陵(ling)墓，座落在鄒城東北(bei)12公(gong)里的九龍(long)山南麓，紅墻(qiang)護圍，松柏(bo)掩映(ying)，為(wei)(wei)(wei)埋(mai)葬和(he)祭祀朱檀(tan)的地方。據《明(ming)史》記載，朱檀(tan)，系明(ming)太祖第十(shi)子，洪(hong)武(wu)三年(nian)（1370年(nian)）生。生兩月(yue)而封為(wei)(wei)(wei)魯王(wang)(wang)。洪(hong)武(wu)十(shi)八年(nian)（1385年(nian)）15歲(sui)時(shi)就(jiu)藩兗(yan)州(zhou)，轄(xia)四州(zhou)二十(shi)三縣。朱檀(tan)“謙恭下(xia)士(shi)，博學多(duo)識，好文(wen)禮士(shi)，善詩歌”，甚為(wei)(wei)(wei)朱元(yuan)(yuan)璋所喜愛。但住(zhu)進(jin)兗(yan)州(zhou)魯王(wang)(wang)府后(hou)(hou)，誤(wu)入邪路，信奉道(dao)教(jiao)，終日焚香誦經(jing)，燒煉“仙丹”，求(qiu)不老之藥，希冀長生，結果卻“餌金石藥，毒(du)發傷(shang)目”，僅活了19歲(sui)。朱元(yuan)(yuan)璋獲悉后(hou)(hou)十(shi)分(fen)惱怒，認為(wei)(wei)(wei)他的行(xing)為(wei)(wei)(wei)實在荒唐，遂賜(si)惡謚曰(yue)“荒王(wang)(wang)”。 [2]

明魯荒王墓(mu)未(wei)經盜(dao)掘，經過(guo)清理，共出土遺(yi)物1100余件(jian)，其中珍品文物有織金緞龍(long)袍、九旒冕(mian)、九縫皮弁(biàn，古(gu)代男(nan)子戴的帽子)、“魯王之寶”貼金木印、金鑲玉透(tou)雕玉帶、唐代“天風海濤”琴、宋高宗題詩(shi)扇面、元代錢選(xuan)白蓮手(shou)卷、元版古(gu)籍、戧金云龍(long)紋漆箱、青白釉云龍(long)紋罐、等等。

擇選風水寶地(di)不惜人力(li)財(cai)力(li)，大(da)興(xing)土(tu)木(mu)，為(wei)其修建(jian)(jian)(jian)了(le)這處(chu)規模(mo)宏(hong)大(da)的陵(ling)(ling)(ling)墓。荒王(wang)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)，背依九龍(long)(long)山(shan)(shan)（為(wei)九龍(long)(long)山(shan)(shan)第(di)(di)一峰，號稱(cheng)“龍(long)(long)頭(tou)”，又名“玄武”），東有臥虎山(shan)(shan)，西有玉皇山(shan)(shan)（又名曰“青龍(long)(long)”、“白(bai)虎”），南(nan)與朱(zhu)雀山(shan)(shan)遙遙相對，按(an)古(gu)代“四(si)神方位”定穴。《禮(li)記·曲(qu)禮(li)上(shang)》：“行前(qian)朱(zhu)鳥而(er)后玄武”。下(xia)有白(bai)馬(ma)泉，為(wei)白(bai)馬(ma)河(he)源頭(tou)。陵(ling)(ling)(ling)園(yuan)居高臨下(xia)，向(xiang)陽(yang)瀕水，四(si)望(wang)山(shan)(shan)川回(hui)環，林木(mu)葳(wei)蕤，風景如(ru)畫(hua)。不僅是(shi)一處(chu)人間勝境(jing)，還(huan)是(shi)一座典(dian)型的明(ming)代親王(wang)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)園(yuan)。陵(ling)(ling)(ling)區(qu)原(yuan)占地(di)面積(ji)7萬平方米，規模(mo)宏(hong)大(da)，氣勢莊嚴，分為(wei)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)園(yuan)和地(di)宮兩部(bu)分。陵(ling)(ling)(ling)園(yuan)：陵(ling)(ling)(ling)區(qu)分內(nei)(nei)(nei)城和外(wai)城，修有內(nei)(nei)(nei)外(wai)護城河(he)。進入(ru)神道的第(di)(di)一座門(men)坊(fang)是(shi)午(wu)朝門(men)，前(qian)為(wei)單(dan)拱(gong)石(shi)橋(qiao)，名“御橋(qiao)”。石(shi)橋(qiao)攔板上(shang)飾(shi)有透(tou)雕(diao)的寶瓶靈芝(zhi)等圖案。橋(qiao)東西兩側既是(shi)白(bai)馬(ma)二(er)泉，泉水明(ming)澈，常年(nian)不涸(he)，號稱(cheng)“龍(long)(long)泉”。過“御橋(qiao)”便是(shi)內(nei)(nei)(nei)城門(men)。內(nei)(nei)(nei)城分為(wei)環以四(si)周的紅墻高3.70米，寬0.70米，為(wei)冰(bing)盤檐(yan)式磚石(shi)結構(gou)，陵(ling)(ling)(ling)園(yuan)分前(qian)后兩進院落，布局(ju)嚴謹，建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)典(dian)雅富麗。南(nan)門(men)三(san)座，中(zhong)門(men)獨高，旁門(men)稍矮，翼然并列，系門(men)洞式斗(dou)拱(gong)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)。雕(diao)梁(liang)畫(hua)棟，色(se)彩絢麗，重檐(yan)斗(dou)拱(gong)，凌空欲飛(fei)，中(zhong)門(men)坊(fang)額上(shang)書“荒王(wang)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)”三(san)個鎏金(jin)大(da)字。第(di)(di)二(er)道門(men)與南(nan)門(men)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)在(zai)同一條(tiao)中(zhong)軸線上(shang)，為(wei)四(si)柱三(san)楹式歇山(shan)(shan)飛(fei)檐(yan)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)。后部(bu)有享殿，殿七楹，歇山(shan)(shan)重檐(yan)飛(fei)角(jiao)，是(shi)當(dang)年(nian)祭祀(si)魯(lu)王(wang)朱(zhu)檀的殿宇。據說(shuo)當(dang)年(nian)內(nei)(nei)(nei)城墻的四(si)角(jiao)上(shang)還(huan)建(jian)(jian)(jian)有角(jiao)樓。

地(di)(di)宮：出(chu)陵(ling)(ling)園后(hou)(hou)門(men)(men)(men)便(bian)是(shi)(shi)方城(cheng)明樓(lou)，是(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)下宮殿的(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)要標志。方城(cheng)高(gao)7.2米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)，周圍建(jian)(jian)有(you)(you)(you)(you)2.70米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)寬(kuan)(kuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)回廊，供游人(ren)飽(bao)覽(lan)陵(ling)(ling)區風光。方城(cheng)上建(jian)(jian)有(you)(you)(you)(you)明樓(lou)，為(wei)歇山(shan)式(shi)(shi)飛檐斗拱(gong)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)，氣(qi)勢雄偉(wei)(wei)。方城(cheng)后(hou)(hou)便(bian)是(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)宮。地(di)(di)宮距(ju)地(di)(di)表深(shen)26米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)，由墓道(dao)、前(qian)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、后(hou)(hou)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)三部(bu)(bu)(bu)分(fen)組成(cheng)，依山(shan)鑿石(shi)開(kai)擴，青(qing)磚筑(zhu)(zhu)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，上為(wei)高(gao)大(da)封(feng)土。地(di)(di)宮建(jian)(jian)有(you)(you)(you)(you)兩(liang)道(dao)石(shi)門(men)(men)(men)，墓道(dao)全長50余米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)，并筑(zhu)(zhu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)用(yong)石(shi)灰和糯米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)汁混合澆(jiao)鑄而(er)(er)成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)三道(dao)擋土墻。墓門(men)(men)(men)前(qian)為(wei)一(yi)(yi)道(dao)高(gao)8.86米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)封(feng)土墻，墻后(hou)(hou)便(bian)是(shi)(shi)高(gao)8.20米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)、寬(kuan)(kuan)5.35米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)紅(hong)色金(jin)剛墻，墻沿飾綠色琉璃瓦(wa)和吻獸。第一(yi)(yi)道(dao)門(men)(men)(men)位于(yu)入洞口1.50米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)甬(yong)道(dao)中(zhong)(zhong)，為(wei)雙扉樞(shu)軸式(shi)(shi)。門(men)(men)(men)以巨石(shi)制成(cheng)，高(gao)2.40米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)，寬(kuan)(kuan)1.30米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)，厚0.18—0.20米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)，每扇重(zhong)約(yue)(yue)2噸，門(men)(men)(men)樞(shu)鑲有(you)(you)(you)(you)重(zhong)約(yue)(yue)15公斤(jin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)合金(jin)銅(tong)套(tao)。門(men)(men)(men)的(de)(de)(de)(de)正面雕有(you)(you)(you)(you)縱(zong)橫九排(pai)門(men)(men)(men)釘和鐵質涂金(jin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)鋪首(shou)(shou)銜環(huan)。石(shi)門(men)(men)(men)涂紅(hong)漆，釘貼金(jin)，六百年后(hou)(hou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)今天，色澤仍十(shi)分(fen)鮮艷(yan)。這第一(yi)(yi)道(dao)門(men)(men)(men)即為(wei)前(qian)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，為(wei)拱(gong)券式(shi)(shi)磚結構，磨光方磚鋪地(di)(di)。南北長8.25米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)，東(dong)(dong)西寬(kuan)(kuan)5.25米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)，高(gao)4米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)，為(wei)東(dong)(dong)西向券頂。墓室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)規模宏偉(wei)(wei)，高(gao)大(da)寬(kuan)(kuan)敞，堅固嚴(yan)密(mi)，防水性強，在(zai)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)藝術上有(you)(you)(you)(you)獨到之(zhi)處(chu)。前(qian)部(bu)(bu)(bu)當中(zhong)(zhong)置(zhi)一(yi)(yi)大(da)瓷缸，直徑(jing)1.70米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)，內裝鐵燈芯(xin)座(zuo)、豆油，稱為(wei)長明燈，又叫(jiao)萬年燈。后(hou)(hou)部(bu)(bu)(bu)中(zhong)(zhong)間設有(you)(you)(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)張朱(zhu)(zhu)紅(hong)御案，案上放盝(lu)頂寶匣三只。內裝木制帖金(jin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)“魯王之(zhi)寶”金(jin)印。室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)內還隨(sui)(sui)葬有(you)(you)(you)(you)龐大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)木雕彩繪(hui)俑(yong)群，共432件，分(fen)別(bie)為(wei)儀仗俑(yong)和樂(le)俑(yong)。木俑(yong)雕刻精細(xi)，刀法(fa)簡(jian)練(lian)，神態各(ge)異，手持各(ge)種(zhong)儀仗和樂(le)器，其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)有(you)(you)(you)(you)拱(gong)手而(er)(er)立(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)文(wen)官(guan)和身材魁偉(wei)(wei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)侍衛。尤(you)為(wei)引人(ren)注目的(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)匹(pi)高(gao)頭大(da)馬，昂首(shou)(shou)而(er)(er)立(li)，是(shi)(shi)出(chu)土24匹(pi)馬中(zhong)(zhong)最為(wei)健壯肥大(da)華麗的(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)匹(pi)。第二(er)道(dao)石(shi)門(men)(men)(men)與前(qian)門(men)(men)(men)基本(ben)相同，兩(liang)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間有(you)(you)(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)甬(yong)道(dao)。后(hou)(hou)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)為(wei)棺(guan)(guan)(guan)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，東(dong)(dong)西長8.20米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)，南北寬(kuan)(kuan)5.45米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)，高(gao)5.50米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。中(zhong)(zhong)部(bu)(bu)(bu)砌有(you)(you)(you)(you)南北3.85米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)、東(dong)(dong)西3.10米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)，高(gao)0.50米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)須彌座(zuo)式(shi)(shi)棺(guan)(guan)(guan)床(chuang)，朱(zhu)(zhu)漆楠木棺(guan)(guan)(guan)槨(guo)置(zhi)于(yu)棺(guan)(guan)(guan)床(chuang)上。棺(guan)(guan)(guan)內朱(zhu)(zhu)檀身著龍袍，腰束玉帶，頭貫金(jin)簪，身下鋪19枚金(jin)錢。棺(guan)(guan)(guan)床(chuang)兩(liang)邊各(ge)有(you)(you)(you)(you)兩(liang)張木桌和兩(liang)個描金(jin)木箱。箱內裝有(you)(you)(you)(you)冠(guan)、袍、靴、衣、帽、玉圭、玉帶和梳(shu)妝具等(deng)。桌上擺放著文(wen)房四(si)寶和琴棋詩畫等(deng)物。東(dong)(dong)西兩(liang)壁并擺著葬儀用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)匾牌(pai)。其(qi)它隨(sui)(sui)葬品為(wei)木、竹(zhu)、銅(tong)、錫制作的(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)些(xie)小冥器和瓷器等(deng)。

出(chu)土珍貴文(wen)物(wu)(wu)：朱(zhu)檀(tan)墓共(gong)出(chu)土各類文(wen)物(wu)(wu)1100余件，保存基本完好，這(zhe)批豐富寶(bao)貴文(wen)物(wu)(wu)的出(chu)土，對(dui)研究(jiu)明初社會政治(zhi)、經(jing)濟、文(wen)化以及官制、輿服、紡織(zhi)、書法、繪畫等提(ti)供了極(ji)(ji)為珍貴的資料(liao)。朱(zhu)檀(tan)墓文(wen)物(wu)(wu)曾在我國北京和日本展出(chu)，引起(qi)人們極(ji)(ji)大的興趣。

出(chu)土(tu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)量隨(sui)葬品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)大(da)致分(fen)為冠(guan)服、儀仗、家(jia)具、和文(wen)房四寶、琴(qin)棋書(shu)畫(hua)幾類(lei)，其(qi)(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)最突出(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)是“王冠(guan)”。此冠(guan)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)高(gao)(gao)(gao)18厘(li)(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)，長(chang)49.4厘(li)(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)，寬30厘(li)(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。系(xi)藤(teng)篾編制(zhi)(zhi)，鑲(xiang)以(yi)金(jin)圈、金(jin)邊、冠(guan)兩側(ce)飾梅(mei)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)穿，貫一金(jin)簪。九(jiu)旒(liu)、旒(liu)貫紅(hong)、白(bai)、青、黃(huang)、黑五色(se)(se)(se)玉(yu)(yu)(yu)珠。它體(ti)現了(le)(le)(le)魯王朱(zhu)(zhu)檀(tan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)高(gao)(gao)(gao)貴地位。出(chu)土(tu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)袍(pao)服衣著(zhu)之類(lei)，有(you)(you)(you)(you)盤領(ling)窄(zhai)袖(xiu)(xiu)金(jin)織(zhi)(zhi)龍(long)袍(pao)，中(zhong)(zhong)紗單(dan)袍(pao)和交(jiao)(jiao)領(ling)暗(an)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)云(yun)(yun)紋(wen)袍(pao)，織(zhi)(zhi)錦圖案非常漂亮，大(da)多(duo)用金(jin)線織(zhi)(zhi)成(cheng)(cheng)。龍(long)袍(pao)是朱(zhu)(zhu)檀(tan)在大(da)典的(de)(de)(de)(de)日子里穿的(de)(de)(de)(de)，身(shen)長(chang)1.30米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)，袖(xiu)(xiu)長(chang)約(yue)1.10米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)，交(jiao)(jiao)領(ling)窄(zhai)袖(xiu)(xiu)，米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)黃(huang)色(se)(se)(se)，兩肩及(ji)(ji)胸(xiong)(xiong)背上繡(xiu)金(jin)織(zhi)(zhi)盤龍(long)云(yun)(yun)紋(wen)，袖(xiu)(xiu)及(ji)(ji)膝(xi)欄飾行龍(long)云(yun)(yun)紋(wen)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)草、胸(xiong)(xiong)下部飾三組(zu)九(jiu)行盤線，圖案花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)色(se)(se)(se)豐(feng)富多(duo)彩，對了(le)(le)(le)解(jie)和研究(jiu)明代絲織(zhi)(zhi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)有(you)(you)(you)(you)重(zhong)要(yao)參考價值。玉(yu)(yu)(yu)制(zhi)(zhi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)在出(chu)土(tu)文(wen)物中(zhong)(zhong)占較(jiao)大(da)比(bi)例，其(qi)(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)有(you)(you)(you)(you)件玉(yu)(yu)(yu)帶，玉(yu)(yu)(yu)質潤(run)澤，刻工(gong)精美。它以(yi)25節羊脂玉(yu)(yu)(yu)組(zu)成(cheng)(cheng)，用金(jin)片(pian)(pian)鑲(xiang)嵌，雕有(you)(you)(you)(you)縷空靈(ling)芝圖案。帶頭(tou)三節用雙層透花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)金(jin)片(pian)(pian)鑲(xiang)嵌著(zhu)一顆(ke)(ke)藍寶石(shi)(shi)(shi)、兩顆(ke)(ke)較(jiao)小藍寶石(shi)(shi)(shi)、十二顆(ke)(ke)紅(hong)寶石(shi)(shi)(shi)、八(ba)(ba)粒珍珠、六(liu)顆(ke)(ke)綠(lv)松石(shi)(shi)(shi)、兩塊(kuai)長(chang)方形螢石(shi)(shi)(shi)(分(fen)別呈(cheng)綠(lv)色(se)(se)(se)，粉(fen)色(se)(se)(se))，一顆(ke)(ke)祖母綠(lv)和一顆(ke)(ke)稀有(you)(you)(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)貓眼寶石(shi)(shi)(shi)，通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)體(ti)總計鑲(xiang)嵌各色(se)(se)(se)寶石(shi)(shi)(shi)33顆(ke)(ke)。其(qi)(qi)工(gong)藝(yi)之高(gao)(gao)(gao)超(chao)，實(shi)屬罕(han)見。此外，還有(you)(you)(you)(you)一只白(bai)釉(you)云(yun)(yun)龍(long)紋(wen)蓋罐，口(kou)徑(jing)24.4厘(li)(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)，底徑(jing)21.2厘(li)(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)，通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)高(gao)(gao)(gao)37.5厘(li)(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。圓(yuan)唇，直(zhi)口(kou)，圓(yuan)鼓腹，平底。胎體(ti)厚重(zhong)，通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)體(ti)施青白(bai)色(se)(se)(se)釉(you)。蓋呈(cheng)倒荷葉(xie)形，脈絡清晰，寶珠鈕。腹部刻暗(an)雙龍(long)紋(wen)，昂首在云(yun)(yun)中(zhong)(zhong)遨(ao)游相逐，龍(long)紋(wen)上下間隔以(yi)卷(juan)草紋(wen)為飾。出(chu)土(tu)時罐內盛放梨、棗、肉、米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)飯、雞(ji)蛋、菜葉(xie)等。和兩塊(kuai)質地分(fen)別為碧玉(yu)(yu)(yu)和羊脂玉(yu)(yu)(yu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)玉(yu)(yu)(yu)圭，以(yi)及(ji)(ji)玉(yu)(yu)(yu)硯、玉(yu)(yu)(yu)佩、玉(yu)(yu)(yu)筆(bi)管(guan)、玉(yu)(yu)(yu)筆(bi)架等。從這批玉(yu)(yu)(yu)器(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)藝(yi)水(shui)平看，充分(fen)體(ti)現了(le)(le)(le)我(wo)國古(gu)代勞(lao)動人民高(gao)(gao)(gao)超(chao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)技藝(yi)和聰明才智。“天(tian)風海濤”琴(qin)。桐木制(zhi)(zhi)成(cheng)(cheng)，黑漆琴(qin)身(shen)，裂似蛇(she)(she)蚹，背刻篆書(shu)“天(tian)風海濤”。琴(qin)腹有(you)(you)(you)(you)龍(long)池(chi)、鳳沼兩共鳴槽。龍(long)池(chi)內有(you)(you)(you)(you)“圣宋(song)(song)隆(long)興(xing)甲申口(kou)口(kou)，大(da)唐雷(lei)威親斫”兩行銘文(wen)。雷(lei)威為唐代制(zhi)(zhi)琴(qin)大(da)師(shi)，以(yi)善制(zhi)(zhi)蛇(she)(she)蚹琴(qin)而著(zhu)名(ming)。南宋(song)(song)大(da)詩(shi)人陸(lu)游詩(shi)云(yun)(yun)：“古(gu)琴(qin)蛇(she)(she)蚹評(ping)無(wu)(wu)價，魚腸寶劍讬有(you)(you)(you)(you)靈(ling)”，可見雷(lei)威制(zhi)(zhi)作的(de)(de)(de)(de)蛇(she)(she)蚹琴(qin)，在明代的(de)(de)(de)(de)古(gu)琴(qin)中(zhong)(zhong)實(shi)為傳(chuan)世珍品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)了(le)(le)(le)。宋(song)(song)葵花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)蛺蝶扇(shan)面(mian)。高(gao)(gao)(gao)24.3厘(li)(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)，寬25.5厘(li)(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。絹本、金(jin)粉(fen)設色(se)(se)(se)，畫(hua)上方鈐有(you)(you)(you)(you)“皇女市圖書(shu)”朱(zhu)(zhu)印，左下方鈐有(you)(you)(you)(you)“司印”二字的(de)(de)(de)(de)騎縫朱(zhu)(zhu)印。背面(mian)有(you)(you)(you)(you)宋(song)(song)高(gao)(gao)(gao)宗趙(zhao)構為葵花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)扇(shan)面(mian)題的(de)(de)(de)(de)金(jin)字跋文(wen)：“白(bai)露才過(guo)催八(ba)(ba)月(yue)，紫房紅(hong)葉(xie)共凄涼(liang)；黃(huang)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)冷(leng)淡無(wu)(wu)人看，獨自(zi)傾心(xin)向夕(xi)陽” 元(yuan)錢選工(gong)筆(bi)白(bai)蓮畫(hua)。紙本。高(gao)(gao)(gao)42厘(li)(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)，長(chang)90.3厘(li)(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)，下有(you)(you)(you)(you)錢選自(zi)提七言詩(shi)一首：“裊裊瑤池(chi)白(bai)玉(yu)(yu)(yu)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)，往(wang)來青島靜(jing)無(wu)(wu)嘩(hua)；幽人不飲(yin)閑(xian)攜杖(zhang)，但憶清香(xiang)伴月(yue)華。”錢選，宋(song)(song)末元(yuan)初人。善畫(hua)山水(shui)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)鳥人物，為元(yuan)初畫(hua)界八(ba)(ba)俊之一。這些宋(song)(song)、元(yuan)古(gu)畫(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)出(chu)土(tu)，為研究(jiu)我(wo)國古(gu)代書(shu)畫(hua)藝(yi)術提供了(le)(le)(le)寶貴資料。隨(sui)葬品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)還有(you)(you)(you)(you)各種(zhong)書(shu)籍(ji)共7種(zhong)21冊。有(you)(you)(you)(you)《朱(zhu)(zhu)子訂定(ding)蔡氏集傳(chuan)》、《增入音(yin)注括(kuo)例始末胡文(wen)定(ding)公春秋傳(chuan)》、《四書(shu)集注》、《少(shao)微(wei)家(jia)塾點校附(fu)音(yin)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)簽節要(yao)》、《朱(zhu)(zhu)文(wen)公校昌黎先生文(wen)集》、《黃(huang)氏補千家(jia)注紀年杜工(gong)部詩(shi)史》等。這些宋(song)(song)元(yuan)版本已是傳(chuan)世珍品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)，有(you)(you)(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)更是海內孤(gu)本，實(shi)為瑰寶。

中國歷代帝王(wang)為了(le)顯示地(di)位和(he)尊(zun)貴，提倡“厚葬(zang)以明孝”，不惜動用(yong)大量人(ren)力(li)物力(li)修建巨大的(de)陵墓(mu)，朱檀陵園(yuan)的(de)建造，在(zai)當時(shi)實(shi)為一項浩大的(de)系統工程。僅掘石開擴，填積封土，動用(yong)土石方量約(yue)計(ji)20余(yu)萬立方米。這座具有600多年歷史的(de)古建筑群，充分展示了(le)古代勞動人(ren)民(min)的(de)智慧(hui)和(he)力(li)量。

1970年春至1971年，山東省、濟寧地(di)區和(he)鄒縣考古工作者在有關部門(men)配合下，對荒王陵地(di)宮(gong)進行了(le)發(fa)掘(jue)，出土文物1300余種，不僅是(shi)山東省至今發(fa)現最大(da)的，而且是(shi)京南江北最大(da)的地(di)下宮(gong)殿。

從1986年(nian)始，鄒城市人民政(zheng)府投(tou)入巨資對荒(huang)王(wang)陵(ling)進(jin)行修復建設，歷(li)時兩年(nian)，今日的荒(huang)王(wang)陵(ling)重(zhong)現昔日雄(xiong)姿。現已建立(li)了(le)朱檀(tan)墓文(wen)(wen)物(wu)(wu)管理所，復制文(wen)(wen)物(wu)(wu)近300件(jian)，按墓內(nei)原貌(mao)布(bu)(bu)置陣(zhen)列，每年(nian)都吸引著大批中外游人來此覽勝，現已被(bei)公布(bu)(bu)為山東省重(zhong)點文(wen)(wen)物(wu)(wu)保護單位。附：魯荒(huang)王(wang)世襲(xi)(xi)(xi)表(biao)魯荒(huang)王(wang)檀(tan)，太祖庶(shu)(shu)(shu)十(shi)(shi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)，洪武三(san)(san)年(nian)封(feng)(feng)。十(shi)(shi)八年(nian)就(jiu)藩兗州(zhou)府。二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)年(nian)薨(hong)(hong)(hong)。靖王(wang)肇輝(hui)，荒(huang)庶(shu)(shu)(shu)一(yi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)，永樂元(yuan)年(nian)襲(xi)(xi)(xi)封(feng)(feng)。成化(hua)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)年(nian)薨(hong)(hong)(hong)。惠(hui)王(wang)泰堪，靖嫡(di)(di)一(yi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)，成化(hua)三(san)(san)年(nian)襲(xi)(xi)(xi)封(feng)(feng)。九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)年(nian)薨(hong)(hong)(hong)。莊王(wang)陽鑄(zhu)，惠(hui)嫡(di)(di)一(yi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)，成化(hua)十(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)年(nian)襲(xi)(xi)(xi)封(feng)(feng)，嘉(jia)靖二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)年(nian)薨(hong)(hong)(hong)。當漇，莊嫡(di)(di)一(yi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)，成化(hua)十(shi)(shi)九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)年(nian)封(feng)(feng)世子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)，弘治(zhi)十(shi)(shi)八年(nian)薨(hong)(hong)(hong)。以孫觀(guan)火定(ding) 襲(xi)(xi)(xi)封(feng)(feng)，追封(feng)(feng)王(wang)。溢曰懷(huai)。健木戈 ，懷(huai)嫡(di)(di)一(yi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)，弘治(zhi)十(shi)(shi)六(liu)年(nian)封(feng)(feng)世孫。正德十(shi)(shi)五(wu)年(nian)薨(hong)(hong)(hong)，以子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)觀(guan)火定(ding) 襲(xi)(xi)(xi)封(feng)(feng)。追封(feng)(feng)王(wang)，溢曰悼(dao)。端(duan)王(wang)觀(guan)火定(ding) ，悼(dao)嫡(di)(di)一(yi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)，嘉(jia)靖七年(nian)襲(xi)(xi)(xi)封(feng)(feng)。二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)八年(nian)薨(hong)(hong)(hong)。恭(gong)王(wang)頤坦，端(duan)一(yi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)，嘉(jia)靖三(san)(san)十(shi)(shi)年(nian)襲(xi)(xi)(xi)封(feng)(feng)。萬歷(li)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)年(nian)薨(hong)(hong)(hong)。敬王(wang)壽增，恭(gong)庶(shu)(shu)(shu)六(liu)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)，初(chu)封(feng)(feng)富(fu)平王(wang)。二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)八年(nian)薨(hong)(hong)(hong)。無子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)。憲王(wang)壽钅宏(hong)，恭(gong)庶(shu)(shu)(shu)七子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)，初(chu)封(feng)(feng)常德王(wang)。萬歷(li)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)進(jin)封(feng)(feng)。崇(chong)禎九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)年(nian)薨(hong)(hong)(hong)。無子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)。肅王(wang)壽鏞、恭(gong)庶(shu)(shu)(shu)九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)，初(chu)封(feng)(feng)泰興王(wang)。崇(chong)禎九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)年(nian)進(jin)封(feng)(feng)。十(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)年(nian)薨(hong)(hong)(hong)。自朱檀(tan)始，共傳十(shi)(shi)代(dai)十(shi)(shi)三(san)(san)王(wang)，前(qian)后延續達283年(nian)，貫穿整(zheng)個明代(dai)。

實用信息

1970年(nian)(nian)春，山東省博物館組(zu)織(zhi)(zhi)發掘朱檀(tan)(tan)墓(mu)(mu)。墓(mu)(mu)室(shi)(shi)距地表深(shen)20余米(mi)，鑿石開壙，砌(qi)以(yi)(yi)磚室(shi)(shi)，墓(mu)(mu)道居南(nan)側。墓(mu)(mu)室(shi)(shi)前有封門墻、金(jin)剛墻、墓(mu)(mu)室(shi)(shi)通長20.6米(mi)，有兩(liang)重門，分前后兩(liang)室(shi)(shi)，兩(liang)室(shi)(shi)間有甬道相(xiang)連(lian)，前室(shi)(shi)前部(bu)正中(zhong)置(zhi)一大(da)缸(gang)，內有一盞萬年(nian)(nian)燈；后部(bu)中(zhong)央(yang)設一紅御(yu)案(an)，案(an)面有藍頂寶(bao)匣，內盛“魯王之(zhi)(zhi)寶(bao)”印；御(yu)案(an)之(zhi)(zhi)前有木雕(diao)(diao)彩繪(hui)俑群，其中(zhong)武(wu)士(shi)俑、儀(yi)仗俑、樂俑、侍衛(wei)俑380個，馬俑24個，車(che)2輛。后室(shi)(shi)正中(zhong)朱檀(tan)(tan)棺(guan)槨置(zhi)磚雕(diao)(diao)棺(guan)床之(zhi)(zhi)長。因墓(mu)(mu)室(shi)(shi)長年(nian)(nian)積水(shui)，隨葬品(pin)(pin)6000余件大(da)多保(bao)存(cun)完好，出土有戧金(jin)漆箱、南(nan)宋“天風海濤”琴、織(zhi)(zhi)金(jin)緞(duan)龍袍、雙層透雕(diao)(diao)玉帶、冕(mian)旒(liu)等(deng)衣物。最珍貴的(de)是保(bao)存(cun)了宋高宗題跋的(de)金(jin)粉“葵花蛺蝶”扇面、元 錢選自跋的(de)白蓮手卷和無(wu)款金(jin)碧山水(shui)絹畫三件等(deng)均為國內罕見的(de)文物珍品(pin)(pin)。以(yi)(yi)及《四(si)書集注》、《通鑒節要(yao)》、《杜工部(bu)詩史》等(deng)七(qi)種二十余冊元刻本書籍。自1985年(nian)(nian)起，鄒縣（今鄒城市）人民政府陸(lu)續修復了墓(mu)(mu)前的(de)陵園建筑，復原了墓(mu)(mu)室(shi)(shi)的(de)陳列，并對外開放。