俞和(1307-1382)。字(zi)子中,號(hao)紫芝(芝生),晚號(hao)紫芝老人。桐江(今(jin)浙江桐廬)人,寓居錢塘(tang)(今(jin)杭州)。
沖澹安恬,隱居(ju)不(bu)仕。能詩(shi),喜書(shu)(shu)(shu)翰(han),早年得(de)見趙(zhao)孟(meng)頫運筆之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)法,后(hou)返臨晉、唐名家碑帖。行(xing)、草書(shu)(shu)(shu),秀(xiu)雅(ya)挺勁,酷肖(xiao)孟(meng)頫。楷書(shu)(shu)(shu)高古風(feng)雅(ya),頗有晉人風(feng)度。明桑悅云(yun):“紫芝所(suo)書(shu)(shu)(shu),深得(de)松雪筆意(yi),而圭(gui)角稍露,比之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)松雪,正如(ru)獻之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)于羲之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也。”行(xing)、草逼(bi)真(zhen)孟(meng)俯,好事者得(de)其書(shu)(shu)(shu),每用趙(zhao)款識,倉卒莫能辨。洪武初,以書(shu)(shu)(shu)名于時(shi)。至正四(si)年(公元1344)題李唐《關(guan)山行(xing)旅(lv)圖》,故宮博物(wu)院藏(zang)有其二十(shi)年(公元1360)於(wu)黃岡之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)康園所(suo)臨定(ding)武蘭亭。
附上俞和墓志(zhi),出處:欽定四庫全書(shu) 始豐稿巻十三(明)徐(xu)一夔(kui) 撰 ○墓志(zhi)銘(書(shu)法江湖聽(ting)梧閣提供)
俞子中墓碣
錢(qian)塘俞子(zi)(zi)(zi)中(zhong)(zhong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)塟也五年于(yu)茲矣,而(er)(er)(er)志(zhi)墓(mu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)石(shi)未(wei)(wei)(wei)樹(shu),其(qi)(qi)(qi)友(you)有為(wei)潭(tan)府臣(chen)僚(liao)者(zhe),以(yi)(yi)(yi)王(wang)有臨池之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)好,取子(zi)(zi)(zi)中(zhong)(zhong)遺墨以(yi)(yi)(yi)獻王(wang),既(ji)(ji)覽,若(ruo)曰,以(yi)(yi)(yi)予而(er)(er)(er)觀其(qi)(qi)(qi)筆意,亦(yi)足(zu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)發,不(bu)(bu)(bu)可使此人泯焉無(wu)聞,王(wang)適遣使如(ru)(ru)浙,因(yin)賜鈔若(ruo)干貫(guan)俾其(qi)(qi)(qi)家(jia),為(wei)石(shi)刻費,使者(zhe)既(ji)(ji)至,召其(qi)(qi)(qi)孤授之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),其(qi)(qi)(qi)孤既(ji)(ji)西向(xiang)拜受,乃來謁余請銘(ming)(ming),余與(yu)子(zi)(zi)(zi)中(zhong)(zhong)有交游(you)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)誼,固不(bu)(bu)(bu)得(de)而(er)(er)(er)辭(ci)(ci),矧遇賢王(wang)貤恩(en)於子(zi)(zi)(zi)中(zhong)(zhong)既(ji)(ji)歿之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)後(hou)(hou),誠希遇也,扵凡文翰(han)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)士,亦(yi)與(yu)有光,何敢不(bu)(bu)(bu)銘(ming)(ming)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)哉(zai),子(zi)(zi)(zi)中(zhong)(zhong)為(wei)人,不(bu)(bu)(bu)尚表襮與(yu)俗(su),浮(fu)湛(zhan)若(ruo)玩(wan)世,然(ran)少時(shi)得(de)見(jian)趙(zhao)文敏公(gong)(gong)用筆之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)法,極(ji)力(li)工書(shu)(shu),書(shu)(shu)日益有名,篆楷行(xing)草,各臻于(yu)妙,一紙(zhi)(zhi)出(chu),戱用文敏公(gong)(gong)私印,識之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)人莫能辨(bian)其(qi)(qi)(qi)真(zhen)贗,至其(qi)(qi)(qi)臨摹晉唐(tang)人法書(shu)(shu),尤稱妙絕,髙(gao)堂廣廈,風日清美,賔友(you)會集,酒數(shu)行(xing)後(hou)(hou),濡筆伸紙(zhi)(zhi),一揮數(shu)十(shi)(shi)行(xing),波(bo)戈趯磔,轉換神(shen)速(su),真(zhen)有驚(jing)虵(she)入草,飛鳥出(chu)林之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)態,已乃停筆按紙(zhi)(zhi),詫(cha)眾客(ke)曰,顛長(chang)(chang)史(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)我過也,人爭(zheng)購(gou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)為(wei)珍玩(wan),而(er)(er)(er)雅不(bu)(bu)(bu)樂仕進,至正(zheng)初(chu),朝(chao)廷(ting)修遼金宋三史(shi)(shi)成(cheng)書(shu)(shu),移文江浙行(xing)省,繕(shan)寫(xie)鏤版(ban),遣翰(han)林應奉張公(gong)(gong)翥來視工,而(er)(er)(er)行(xing)省叅(can)知(zhi)政事秦(qin)(qin)公(gong)(gong)從(cong)德(de)任程督事,既(ji)(ji)開局(ju),集儒(ru)生繕(shan)寫(xie),張公(gong)(gong)謂秦(qin)(qin)公(gong)(gong)曰,此朝(chao)廷(ting)盛典,字畫懼不(bu)(bu)(bu)如(ru)(ru)式(shi),宜得(de)精書(shu)(shu)法如(ru)(ru)俞子(zi)(zi)(zi)中(zhong)(zhong)者(zhe)校正(zheng),秦(qin)(qin)公(gong)(gong)是(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),即日命(ming)有司(si)奉幣請子(zi)(zi)(zi)中(zhong)(zhong)入局(ju),如(ru)(ru)式(shi)校正(zheng),時(shi)行(xing)省得(de)自(zi)除未(wei)(wei)(wei)入流官,既(ji)(ji)竣事,秦(qin)(qin)公(gong)(gong)擬(ni)以(yi)(yi)(yi)學(xue)校官處之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),子(zi)(zi)(zi)中(zhong)(zhong)固謝曰,某以(yi)(yi)(yi)國家(jia)有文事,効薄(bo)勞耳(er),不(bu)(bu)(bu)愿仕也,秦(qin)(qin)公(gong)(gong)以(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)有髙(gao)志(zhi).亦(yi)弗彊(qiang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),當是(shi)時(shi),文章巨家(jia)如(ru)(ru)黃文獻公(gong)(gong)溍,陳監丞旅(lv),前(qian)(qian)後(hou)(hou)相繼為(wei)江浙提學(xue),每為(wei)文脫藁(gao),必致子(zi)(zi)(zi)中(zhong)(zhong)書(shu)(shu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),一時(shi)名勝亦(yi)莫不(bu)(bu)(bu)與(yu)子(zi)(zi)(zi)中(zhong)(zhong)游(you),而(er)(er)(er)方外髙(gao)士若(ruo)勾(gou)曲外史(shi)(shi)張公(gong)(gong)伯雨(yu),以(yi)(yi)(yi)辭(ci)(ci)翰(han)名世,與(yu)子(zi)(zi)(zi)中(zhong)(zhong)徃來尤宻,壬(ren)辰之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)亂(luan),避地隣縣(xian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)黃岡,嘯傲于(yu)海風山月(yue)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)閑者(zhe),久之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),比還故(gu)廬(lu),故(gu)舊雕謝,出(chu)門四顧,無(wu)復向(xiang)時(shi)繁華,苐(yi)見(jian)山青水綠,則俛首蹙額(e),感慨(kai)系(xi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),呼酒獨酌(zhuo),賦近(jin)體詩歌(ge)長(chang)(chang)短句,援筆書(shu)(shu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)寫(xie)其(qi)(qi)(qi)無(wu)聊不(bu)(bu)(bu)平(ping)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)思,而(er)(er)(er)其(qi)(qi)(qi)草圣(sheng)猶飛動如(ru)(ru)初(chu),其(qi)(qi)(qi)居有醉(zui)墨軒,嘗屬余記之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),余未(wei)(wei)(wei)及為(wei)而(er)(er)(er)竟銘(ming)(ming)其(qi)(qi)(qi)墓(mu)上(shang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)石(shi),悲哉(zai),子(zi)(zi)(zi)中(zhong)(zhong)諱和,別號紫芝(zhi)生,本嚴之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)桐廬(lu)人,自(zi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)父章游(you)錢(qian)塘,因(yin)家(jia)焉,娶楊氏,先十(shi)(shi)五年卒,子(zi)(zi)(zi)男三,長(chang)(chang)琮次璂次珩,女三,長(chang)(chang)適趙(zhao)仁本,次皆適士族,以(yi)(yi)(yi)洪武十(shi)(shi)五年三月(yue)七(qi)日卒,享年七(qi)十(shi)(shi)有六,卒之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)月(yue)十(shi)(shi)又七(qi)日,塟于(yu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)縣(xian)南山仙(xian)芝(zhi)塢之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)原,銘(ming)(ming)曰有德(de)有藝,泊焉自(zi)守,不(bu)(bu)(bu)遇於生前(qian)(qian),而(er)(er)(er)遇於死(si)後(hou)(hou),豈其(qi)(qi)(qi)用之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也薄(bo),故(gu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)發之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也厚,理有固然(ran),又何足(zu)究(jiu),有石(shi)如(ru)(ru)圭,永貽不(bu)(bu)(bu)朽。
再附友人贈俞和詩:(書(shu)法江(jiang)湖field_tian提供)
一翦梅 壽俞子中(zhong)紫之(疑為芝)(元 凌云翰)
蒼顏(yan)白發稱烏紗(sha)。瘦似(si)黃花。清似(si)梅花。窗吟山月樂無涯。知是儒家。知是仙家。
紫芝服食勝胡麻。不愛繁(fan)華。卻愛年華。詞成筆底是(shi)龍蛇(she)。壽酒流霞(xia)。壽□成霞(xia)。
題醉墨堂,為桐江俞(yu)子(zi)中(zhong)賦(明 張昱 可(ke)閑老人(ren)集卷一,四庫(ku)全書本)
世稱(cheng)草圣(sheng)惟(wei)張旭,氣在神先從所(suo)欲。醉來(lai)捉筆走風雷,電掣長云夜相逐(zhu)。
健於大野戰蛟龍(long),媚似輕(qing)波浴鴻鵠(hu)。由唐至今(jin)幾百年,筆法竟爾失其傳。
芝翁(weng)乃若神所授(shou),亦以醉墨題堂前。晴絲罥空王(wang)逸少,生蛇絆樹黃庭堅(jian)。
筆法不必(bi)問(wen)高閑,筆勢不必(bi)詢(xun)懷素。縱橫遲(chi)疾心(xin)自知,曾(ceng)見公孫大娘舞。
故(gu)(gu)宮博物院(yuan)藏(zang)有(you)墨跡(ji)《篆(zhuan)隸(li)千(qian)字(zi)(zi)(zi)文(wen)(wen)冊(ce)》及(ji)自書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)詩卷和臨張(zhang)芝帖等(deng)。《篆(zhuan)隸(li)千(qian)字(zi)(zi)(zi)文(wen)(wen)》是(shi)其(qi)篆(zhuan)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)和隸(li)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)分體間書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)法(fa)杰作(zuo)。紙本(ben)墨跡(ji)摺裱冊(ce)頁(ye)(ye)。每幅縱21厘米,橫24.7厘米。現藏(zang)臺(tai)北故(gu)(gu)宮博物院(yuan)。凡37頁(ye)(ye),295行(xing),正文(wen)(wen)每行(xing)7字(zi)(zi)(zi),首尾(wei)之(zhi)題字(zi)(zi)(zi)每行(xing)字(zi)(zi)(zi)數不一(yi)(yi),共(gong)計2063字(zi)(zi)(zi)。款(kuan)署“天爵賢良嗜予(yu)篆(zhuan)隸(li),因(yin)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)此(ci)(ci)為贈(zeng)。時至正甲午(wu)歲(sui)冬十(shi)一(yi)(yi)月三(san)日也。清隱散人俞和識。”此(ci)(ci)冊(ce)為元(yuan)順帝至正十(shi)四年(公元(yuan)1354)俞和四十(shi)八(ba)歲(sui)時所書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)。此(ci)(ci)篆(zhuan)隸(li)《千(qian)字(zi)(zi)(zi)文(wen)(wen)》,書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)法(fa)結構簡練隨意而無匠氣,筆秀雅而挺勁,與世流(liu)行(xing)之(zhi)六(liu)體千(qian)字(zi)(zi)(zi)文(wen)(wen)比較,自有(you)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)卷氣。冊(ce)上有(you)清內(nei)府鑒藏(zang)印(yin)九方,并(bing)有(you)河南商丘陳氏收(shou)藏(zang)之(zhi)印(yin)多(duo)方。《石渠寶笈(ji)三(san)編》著錄。
明王世貞《題俞紫芝(zhi)急就章》:“子中獨能尋考遺則于斷墨殘楮,遂與仲溫(wen)(wen)并驅。”(仲溫(wen)(wen),明書家宋克,號南(nan)宮生,俞和字號紫芝(zhi)生,是以(yi)為記(ji)。書法(fa)江湖(hu)處天(tian)輯)
明桑悅評:“紫(zi)芝(zhi)所書,深得松雪筆意,而圭角稍露,比之(zhi)(zhi)松雪正如獻之(zhi)(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)于羲之(zhi)(zhi)也”