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普濟禪院
0 票數:0 #宗教場所#
普濟禪院(俗稱觀音堂),位于中國澳門特別行政區,為中國古翚飛式的佛教建筑,保存著明清南方廟宇的特色,與媽閣廟、蓮峰廟并稱為澳門三大古廟。普濟禪院的主體建筑分為大雄寶殿、長壽佛殿、觀音殿,其中大雄寶殿供奉丈八金身的三寶佛像;長壽佛殿供奉長壽佛;觀音殿供奉觀音大士、十八羅漢。普濟禪院在殿堂懸掛于了歷代眾高僧和不同藝術名家的書畫、書法和文物,以供游客欣賞。
  • 所在地/隸屬: 澳門特別行政區(qu)花(hua)地瑪堂區(qu)望廈美副(fu)將大(da)馬路(lu)
附近有 2 個景點: 螺絲山公園(0km)    響馬河漂流(7km)   
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基本介紹

寺院介紹

普濟(ji)禪(chan)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)位于澳門(men)(men)美副將大(da)(da)馬路,是澳門(men)(men)著名旅(lv)游景點(dian)之(zhi)一(yi),而且來往(wang)交通極之(zhi)方(fang)便。觀(guan)音(yin)堂又稱(cheng)普濟(ji)禪(chan)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan),是澳門(men)(men)三(san)(san)大(da)(da)禪(chan)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)中(zhong)規模(mo)宏大(da)(da)、歷史(shi)(shi)(shi)悠(you)久、占地(di)廣(guang)闊、建(jian)筑(zhu)雄偉的(de)一(yi)家。建(jian)于明朝末年(nian)(nian),是澳門(men)(men)現存最(zui)大(da)(da)及(ji)歷史(shi)(shi)(shi)最(zui)悠(you)久的(de)廟宇之(zhi)一(yi),距(ju)今(jin)約三(san)(san)百六十(shi)多年(nian)(nian),廟貌巍峨(e),深(shen)入三(san)(san)進,棋連幾(ji)座(zuo)(zuo)。觀(guan)音(yin)堂之(zhi)名聞遐邇,除(chu)在于其(qi)悠(you)久歷史(shi)(shi)(shi)以外,更是簽(qian)署中(zhong)美《望(wang)廈條(tiao)約》的(de)地(di)方(fang)。禪(chan)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)為中(zhong)國古(gu)飛式的(de)佛(fo)教建(jian)筑(zhu),具中(zhong)國名山古(gu)剎的(de)特(te)色,禪(chan)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的(de)首座(zuo)(zuo)是大(da)(da)雄寶殿(dian)(dian),次(ci)殿(dian)(dian)是長壽佛(fo)殿(dian)(dian),后座(zuo)(zuo)正(zheng)殿(dian)(dian)是觀(guan)音(yin)殿(dian)(dian)。院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)后還有(you)廣(guang)闊幽(you)深(shen)的(de)后花(hua)(hua)園,是一(yi)座(zuo)(zuo)頗(po)具規模(mo),港澳罕有(you)的(de)佛(fo)寺建(jian)筑(zhu)群。除(chu)極具歷史(shi)(shi)(shi)和藝術(shu)價(jia)值的(de)建(jian)筑(zhu)和雕(diao)塑之(zhi)外,禪(chan)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)還藏有(you)不(bu)少珍貴(gui)經卷,以及(ji)名家留下的(de)字畫,均(jun)為澳門(men)(men)重要的(de)文物。禪(chan)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)東面的(de)后花(hua)(hua)園,有(you)一(yi)株生態奇(qi)特(te)的(de)連理(li)樹(shu),吸引不(bu)少游客(ke)來觀(guan)賞,有(you)一(yi)張石(shi)桌,四(si)條(tiao)石(shi)凳,清道光二十(shi)四(si)年(nian)(nian)(1844年(nian)(nian))的(de)“中(zhong)美望(wang)廈條(tiao)約”,即在此(ci)處簽(qian)訂(ding)。石(shi)桌石(shi)凳保存,側(ce)面的(de)碑亭(ting)讓人重溫(wen)這(zhe)段沉痛(tong)的(de)歷史(shi)(shi)(shi)。

大雄(xiong)寶(bao)殿正對禪院,莊(zhuang)嚴(yan)宏緯,供奉三尊三寶(bao)佛(fo)像(xiang),皆為丈(zhang)八金身,魁梧雄(xiong)偉,其中(zhong)之一為佛(fo)祖釋迦牟尼,還有燃(ran)燈佛(fo)與彌勒佛(fo)。

殿(dian)(dian)旁(pang)(pang)懸有(you)一個(ge)銅鐘,古(gu)色斑駁,已有(you)三個(ge)半世(shi)紀(ji)的歷史(shi)。殿(dian)(dian)頂(ding)的頭瓦脊(ji),鑲(xiang)有(you)明(ming)朝琉璃瓦及精(jing)工鑲(xiang)嵌的石(shi)灣公仔(zi),栩栩如生,維(wei)(wei)肖維(wei)(wei)妙。 次殿(dian)(dian)是(shi)長壽佛(fo)殿(dian)(dian),供奉(feng)長壽佛(fo),佛(fo)像安詳(xiang),象征佛(fo)陀普渡眾生的精(jing)神。進入主殿(dian)(dian)觀音殿(dian)(dian),供奉(feng)觀音大(da)士(shi)蓮臺,樟木雕(diao)塑(su)。十八(ba)羅(luo)漢分列主殿(dian)(dian)兩旁(pang)(pang),雕(diao)工精(jing)細,造型神態活現,其中(zhong)位于左面的一尊(zun)羅(luo)漢,眼睛浮突、鼻(bi)骨高(gao)隆、鬢曲,極像外國人,據稱就是(shi)意大(da)利威(wei)尼(ni)斯人馬可索(suo)羅(luo),他曾在中(zhong)國研習(xi)佛(fo)理。

觀音殿(dian)是禪(chan)院(yuan)的(de)正殿(dian),每逢觀音誕(dan)期,殿(dian)內香火鼎盛,善信絡繹(yi)不絕(jue),場面熱(re)鬧。觀音殿(dian)旁有一小庭(ting)園,圍繞著園中(zhong)的(de)蓮花池有十數盆栽(zai),其中(zhong)之(zhi)一盆栽(zai)生長形態獨特,歷經數十寒暑,樹枝彎曲長成一個“壽”字,傳(chuan)說善信只要(yao)手(shou)觸“壽”字,便可(ke)長命百歲。禪(chan)院(yuan)內進的(de)前(qian)廳掛有一幅畫(hua)像(xiang),人稱“大笑佛”,無論從哪(na)個方向欣賞畫(hua)像(xiang),佛像(xiang)均咧嘴相視而笑。

禪院(yuan)內(nei)收(shou)藏了(le)很多(duo)名家的(de)(de)書(shu)(shu)畫、書(shu)(shu)法(fa)、文(wen)物,包括(kuo)馳譽(yu)中(zhong)外畫壇的(de)(de)嶺南派大(da)師高(gao)劍父(fu)乃乃徒關山月,有(you)嶺南三大(da)詩家之稱的(de)(de)陳恭尹,著(zhu)名學者章太炎(yan)等(deng)人,他們的(de)(de)作(zuo)品懸掛于殿堂,供(gong)游客欣賞。在院(yuan)內(nei)僧舍(she)客堂屏(ping)壁,雕花金飾,而(er)書(shu)(shu)法(fa)雕刻(ke)(ke),亦見(jian)清雅。兩度屏(ping)風(feng),每度刻(ke)(ke)四(si)屏(ping)條,收(shou)米(mi)芾、董(dong)其昌、劉墉等(deng)歷代名人手跡,刻(ke)(ke)工精細。步入(ru)后花園,有(you)一花岡(gang)石(shi)桌和(he)四(si)條長石(shi)凳,就是(shi)簽訂中(zhong)美不平等(deng)條約(yue)──《望廈(sha)條約(yue)》的(de)(de)地方(fang)。1844年(nian),清政府國(guo)勢日衰,列強覬覦,美國(guo)以顧盛為代表,與清欽差大(da)臣耆英于澳門簽署《望廈(sha)條約(yue)》,強迫(po)中(zhong)國(guo)開(kai)放(fang)通商(shang)港(gang)口,擴(kuo)大(da)美領事裁判權。1944年(nian),禪院(yuan)于石(shi)桌后方(fang)立(li)一亭碑,記述此事。

在(zai)(zai)后山花園中(zhong)的(de)(de)連理樹(shu)(shu)(shu),是一(yi)棵有(you)數百年樹(shu)(shu)(shu)齡(ling)的(de)(de)高大(da)榕樹(shu)(shu)(shu),美髯(ran)飄(piao)拂,狀貌古拙(zhuo),高逾數丈。樹(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)莖(jing)部四株(zhu)相連,造型頗似長(chang)頸鹿(lu)。近(jin)年不幸枯萎,但(dan)仍具吸(xi)引力(li)。“連理樹(shu)(shu)(shu)”的(de)(de)命(ming)名,取意于“在(zai)(zai)天愿為比翼鳥,在(zai)(zai)地愿為連理枝(zhi)”。有(you)關此(ci)樹(shu)(shu)(shu),流傳著一(yi)個哀(ai)怨(yuan)動人的(de)(de)故(gu)事(shi),在(zai)(zai)觀音(yin)堂建廟之初(chu),附近(jin)有(you)一(yi)雙情侶(lv),因家(jia)庭反(fan)對成婚而雙雙殉情自殺(sha),死(si)后合葬之處長(chang)出這棵連理樹(shu)(shu)(shu),以表示愛情堅貞不渝及至死(si)不離之意。

環境介紹

普(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)濟(ji)禪(chan)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)位(wei)于美(mei)副(fu)將(jiang)(jiang)大(da)馬(ma)路(lu),是(shi)鬧(nao)市當(dang)中的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)方(fang)(fang)(fang)凈土。她(ta)是(shi)澳(ao)門最著名的(de)(de)(de)古剎(cha)。由(you)此憑高遠望,珠(zhu)海清晰可見。昔(xi)日(ri)(ri)的(de)(de)(de)普(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)濟(ji)禪(chan)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)在(zai)澳(ao)門城外(wai)(wai)望廈(sha)村(cun)的(de)(de)(de)東(dong)面。相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)傳(chuan)望廈(sha)村(cun)的(de)(de)(de)西(xi)邊有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)座觀(guan)音(yin)古廟(miao),為(wei)當(dang)地(di)村(cun)民(min)所建(jian)(jian)(jian),村(cun)外(wai)(wai)人(ren)(ren)(ren)不(bu)得入(ru)寺參拜。明(ming)朝天(tian)啟年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)間(jian),有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)位(wei)游方(fang)(fang)(fang)僧(seng)來到望廈(sha)村(cun),在(zai)村(cun)東(dong)荒地(di)的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)棵(ke)樟(zhang)樹上懸(xuan)掛(gua)觀(guan)音(yin)菩薩的(de)(de)(de)畫像,并(bing)且(qie)每天(tian)在(zai)樹下(xia)誦(song)經(jing),藉此化緣。當(dang)時(shi)寓居(ju)澳(ao)門的(de)(de)(de)閩籍人(ren)(ren)(ren)士因為(wei)不(bu)能(neng)進入(ru)觀(guan)音(yin)寺,便與此僧(seng)一(yi)(yi)起誦(song)經(jing)。以(yi)(yi)后(hou)(hou),信徒(tu)便在(zai)此地(di)集(ji)資興(xing)建(jian)(jian)(jian)了觀(guan)音(yin)堂(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang),這座觀(guan)音(yin)堂(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)就是(shi)普(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)濟(ji)禪(chan)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)前(qian)身。鴉片(pian)戰爭以(yi)(yi)后(hou)(hou),葡萄牙(ya)政(zheng)府(fu)將(jiang)(jiang)澳(ao)門屬地(di)逐步(bu)向北擴展,并(bing)開辟(pi)了美(mei)副(fu)將(jiang)(jiang)大(da)馬(ma)路(lu),占用了禪(chan)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)門前(qian)的(de)(de)(de)空地(di)。二(er)十世紀五(wu)十年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)代,這一(yi)(yi)帶興(xing)建(jian)(jian)(jian)了多棟樓(lou)房,這片(pian)清凈簡樸(pu)的(de)(de)(de)郊野變成了熱鬧(nao)的(de)(de)(de)街市。普(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)濟(ji)禪(chan)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)占地(di)很廣,寺廟(miao)巍峨。寺門前(qian)寫(xie)著“普(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)濟(ji)禪(chan)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)”四字(zi),兩(liang)旁的(de)(de)(de)對聯為(wei):“貝葉傳(chuan)經(jing)西(xi)天(tian)竺境,蓮(lian)華(hua)妙法南(nan)海潮音(yin)。”廟(miao)內(nei)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)堂(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)多層。第(di)一(yi)(yi)重(zhong)(zhong)為(wei)大(da)雄(xiong)寶殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian),殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)內(nei)供(gong)奉三(san)(san)(san)世佛像。旁懸(xuan)一(yi)(yi)口大(da)銅鐘,鑄于明(ming)代崇(chong)禎五(wu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)。第(di)二(er)重(zhong)(zhong)為(wei)長壽佛殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。第(di)三(san)(san)(san)重(zhong)(zhong)為(wei)觀(guan)音(yin)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。大(da)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)西(xi)側(ce)(ce)依次(ci)為(wei)天(tian)后(hou)(hou)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、地(di)藏(zang)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、語清殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、龍華(hua)堂(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)、靜(jing)樂堂(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)和(he)祖師(shi)堂(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)。大(da)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)東(dong)側(ce)(ce)依次(ci)為(wei)關帝殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、客堂(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)、檀越(yue)堂(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)。再向東(dong)伸展還有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)報恩堂(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)、齋堂(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)、方(fang)(fang)(fang)丈室、藏(zang)經(jing)閣等。后(hou)(hou)面還有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)幽靜(jing)的(de)(de)(de)花(hua)園。普(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)濟(ji)禪(chan)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)后(hou)(hou)山(shan)上有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)棵(ke)百年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)歷(li)史(shi)的(de)(de)(de)老榕樹,高數(shu)丈,綠葉婆娑。這棵(ke)榕樹四株相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)連,人(ren)(ren)(ren)稱其(qi)為(wei)連理(li)樹。此中流(liu)傳(chuan)著一(yi)(yi)個動人(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)故(gu)事:三(san)(san)(san)百年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)前(qian),有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)位(wei)吳姓少(shao)(shao)女與鄰村(cun)一(yi)(yi)位(wei)農家(jia)子(zi)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)戀。但是(shi)女方(fang)(fang)(fang)父母卻(que)嫌棄男方(fang)(fang)(fang)家(jia)窮(qiong)而加以(yi)(yi)阻攔,致使兩(liang)人(ren)(ren)(ren)好夢難圓,二(er)人(ren)(ren)(ren)于是(shi)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)約同縊于山(shan)崗(gang)上的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)棵(ke)大(da)樹下(xia)。女方(fang)(fang)(fang)父母懊悔之(zhi)(zhi)余乃答(da)應(ying)讓(rang)兩(liang)人(ren)(ren)(ren)合(he)葬。后(hou)(hou)來墓地(di)上就長出了這棵(ke)連理(li)樹。此外(wai)(wai),花(hua)園后(hou)(hou)面的(de)(de)(de)高丘上還有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)座普(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)同塔(ta),塔(ta)內(nei)安放歷(li)代高僧(seng)的(de)(de)(de)骨灰。普(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)同塔(ta)形如古墓,以(yi)(yi)石(shi)砌成。塔(ta)后(hou)(hou)立有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)碑志:“本山(shan)至(zhi)天(tian)啟三(san)(san)(san)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)由(you)循智祖師(shi)斥衣(yi)缽資購(gou)下(xia)。崇(chong)禎五(wu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)建(jian)(jian)(jian)斯(si)普(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)同塔(ta)。雍(yong)正癸酉,比(bi)(bi)丘天(tian)樹,乾(qian)隆丙(bing)午(wu),比(bi)(bi)丘靜(jing)持,同治癸酉,比(bi)(bi)丘暢(chang)瀾,均重(zhong)(zhong)修之(zhi)(zhi)。至(zhi)民(min)國丙(bing)子(zi),塔(ta)漸頹毀。比(bi)(bi)丘遐齡、比(bi)(bi)丘濟(ji)航(hang)經(jing)營(ying)之(zhi)(zhi),遂成今(jin)觀(guan)焉。”除了普(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)同塔(ta)之(zhi)(zhi)外(wai)(wai),后(hou)(hou)山(shan)還有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)座八十二(er)人(ren)(ren)(ren)合(he)葬的(de)(de)(de)墓冢。1874年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)澳(ao)門遭遇(yu)臺風(feng),死傷無數(shu)。事后(hou)(hou)將(jiang)(jiang)部分尸體合(he)葬于沙崗(gang)。1905年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),由(you)于開辟(pi)馬(ma)路(lu),因而將(jiang)(jiang)沙崗(gang)墓地(di)遷(qian)移到普(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)濟(ji)禪(chan)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)后(hou)(hou)山(shan)。普(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)濟(ji)禪(chan)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)缺乏創立禪(chan)門的(de)(de)(de)碑志記載(zai),其(qi)初創時(shi)日(ri)(ri)已(yi)經(jing)難于確考(kao)。寺內(nei)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)塊(kuai)高四尺的(de)(de)(de)石(shi)碑,中間(jian)刻有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)“祀壇”兩(liang)字(zi),其(qi)下(xia)署日(ri)(ri)“天(tian)啟七年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)七月吉日(ri)(ri)立”。“天(tian)啟七年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)”即1627年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)。寺內(nei)還有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)刻有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)崇(chong)禎五(wu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1632)鑄造字(zi)樣(yang)的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)口大(da)鐘。根據這兩(liang)條材料(liao)推斷,普(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)濟(ji)禪(chan)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)至(zhi)少(shao)(shao)已(yi)經(jing)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)三(san)(san)(san)百六十余年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)(de)歷(li)史(shi)。

普濟(ji)禪(chan)院(yuan)可(ke)(ke)以考知姓名的(de)(de)(de)祖師為大汕和尚(shang)。大汕和尚(shang),字石(shi)濂(lian),號石(shi)蓮。原籍(ji)江西(xi)南(nan)昌,生于(yu)明崇禎六(liu)(liu)(liu)年(nian)(nian),十(shi)六(liu)(liu)(liu)歲(sui)時在蘇州(zhou)削發(fa)為僧,后移居廣州(zhou)長壽寺。他是位富有民(min)族氣節(jie)的(de)(de)(de)高僧。他募捐來的(de)(de)(de)巨款(kuan)除資助(zhu)各地寺院(yuan)以外,還用以支(zhi)持(chi)各地反(fan)清(qing)義士。可(ke)(ke)惜晚年(nian)(nian)事發(fa),于(yu)押解途中圓寂。時為康熙四十(shi)一年(nian)(nian)(1702),享年(nian)(nian)六(liu)(liu)(liu)十(shi)九歲(sui)。他的(de)(de)(de)畫(hua)像(xiang)供(gong)養在祖師堂內。大汕和尚(shang)之后,暢瀾(lan)(lan)和尚(shang)接任住持(chi)。暢瀾(lan)(lan)和尚(shang)深感寺域(yu)狹小,便發(fa)心募緣以擴建修葺寺院(yuan)。此舉獲(huo)得當地信徒的(de)(de)(de)大力支(zhi)持(chi)。清(qing)咸豐八(ba)年(nian)(nian)(1858)終(zhong)于(yu)完工。自二十(shi)世(shi)紀三十(shi)年(nian)(nian)代(dai)開始,慧(hui)因和尚(shang)住持(chi)普濟(ji)禪(chan)院(yuan)長達(da)半個世(shi)紀,為普濟(ji)禪(chan)院(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)發(fa)展做(zuo)出了重(zhong)大貢獻。為了紀念慧(hui)因和尚(shang),1980年(nian)(nian)10月在后花園興建了一座六(liu)(liu)(liu)角亭,亭內放(fang)置(zhi)一座高約兩米的(de)(de)(de)慧(hui)因和尚(shang)像(xiang)供(gong)人瞻仰。

實用信息

游客須知

景色特點:大雄寶(bao)殿(dian)(dian)正對(dui)禪院(yuan),莊嚴宏(hong)偉(wei)(wei),供奉三尊(zun)三寶(bao)佛像(xiang),皆(jie)為(wei)丈八金身,魁梧雄偉(wei)(wei),其(qi)中之一為(wei)佛祖釋迦牟尼。主殿(dian)(dian)供奉觀(guan)(guan)(guan)音(yin),觀(guan)(guan)(guan)音(yin)大士雕像(xiang)的蓮臺由樟(zhang)木雕塑。十八羅漢分列主殿(dian)(dian)兩(liang)旁,雕工精(jing)細,造型神龍活現。觀(guan)(guan)(guan)音(yin)殿(dian)(dian)是禪院(yuan)的正殿(dian)(dian),每(mei)逢觀(guan)(guan)(guan)音(yin)誕(dan)期,殿(dian)(dian)內(nei)香火鼎盛,善男信女絡繹不絕,場面熱鬧(nao)。

美食小吃

牛(niu)腩撈(lao)面:牛(niu)腩、牛(niu)筋雖然是兩種不同的(de)(de)口感,但一樣(yang)的(de)(de)有嚼頭(tou),而且入(ru)味(wei),與(yu)彈牙(ya)的(de)(de)粗(cu)面配合,是美味(wei)組合。

住宿

皇都酒(jiu)店地址:澳門得勝馬路2-4號

交通

公交8A、17、18、19、26路(lu)

歷史沿革

創建(jian)(jian)(jian)于(yu)(yu)明(ming)崇禎五年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(公(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)1632年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))的(de)(de)(de)(de)普(pu)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)禪(chan)(chan)院(yuan),是(shi)(shi)澳(ao)門本(ben)(ben)土佛教有(you)(you)史(shi)可(ke)考的(de)(de)(de)(de)最早記(ji)錄。關于(yu)(yu)普(pu)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)禪(chan)(chan)院(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)始建(jian)(jian)(jian)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)代(dai),眾說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)紛(fen)紜。有(you)(you)人(ren)認為(wei)(wei)(wei)該寺創建(jian)(jian)(jian)于(yu)(yu)明(ming)天(tian)啟(qi)(qi)(qi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)間(jian),其(qi)根(gen)據(ju)(ju)(ju)是(shi)(shi)院(yuan)內存有(you)(you)一(yi)塊名(ming)為(wei)(wei)(wei)“祀(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)壇(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)碑(bei)(bei)(bei)石。據(ju)(ju)(ju)說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)該碑(bei)(bei)(bei)石“高逾四尺,是(shi)(shi)花(hua)崗(gang)巖石,俗稱麻石,中(zhong)(zhong)間(jian)刻著(zhu)‘祀(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)壇(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)’兩個大(da)字(zi),兩邊各有(you)(you)一(yi)行小字(zi),一(yi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)‘天(tian)啟(qi)(qi)(qi)七(qi)(qi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)七(qi)(qi)月吉日(ri)立(li)(li)(li)’,一(yi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)‘南邑許(xu)(xu)望(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)官喜舍’。”(注:李鵬翥著(zhu):《澳(ao)門古今(jin)》,三(san)聯書店香港(gang)分社/澳(ao)門星光出版(ban)(ban)社,1986年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)11月第(di)1版(ban)(ban),第(di)213頁(ye)。)又(you)據(ju)(ju)(ju)說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo),此(ci)(ci)小屋位于(yu)(yu)今(jin)普(pu)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)禪(chan)(chan)院(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)慧因(yin)大(da)師(shi)紀(ji)念亭(ting)一(yi)端(duan),屬游人(ren)止(zhi)步的(de)(de)(de)(de)范圍。屋內還有(you)(you)兩塊重修望(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)廈祀(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)壇(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)碑(bei)(bei)(bei)記(ji):一(yi)塊立(li)(li)(li)于(yu)(yu)清朝道光十(shi)三(san)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(公(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)1823年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)),另一(yi)塊立(li)(li)(li)于(yu)(yu)清朝光緒八年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1882),碑(bei)(bei)(bei)石上刻著(zhu):“普(pu)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)禪(chan)(chan)院(yuan)祀(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)壇(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)之(zhi)(zhi)建(jian)(jian)(jian)創自明(ming)天(tian)啟(qi)(qi)(qi)七(qi)(qi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)閩(min)省南邑許(xu)(xu)望(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)冠所(suo)造也(ye)向在(zai)院(yuan)外之(zhi)(zhi)右”,“道光十(shi)三(san)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)集眾捐(juan)資(zi)重修……將祀(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)壇(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)遷建(jian)(jian)(jian)于(yu)(yu)院(yuan)內之(zhi)(zhi)花(hua)園俾(bi)香煙有(you)(you)賴且可(ke)免設(she)司祠之(zhi)(zhi)人(ren)”(注:同(tong)上引書,第(di)213-214頁(ye)。)。其(qi)實,此(ci)(ci)“祀(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)壇(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)”原本(ben)(ben)就(jiu)不(bu)是(shi)(shi)普(pu)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)禪(chan)(chan)院(yuan)之(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)。據(ju)(ju)(ju)鄧《志(zhi)》卷三(san)《壇(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)廟(miao)(miao)》說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo):“壇(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)則(ze)(ze)不(bu)屋,達天(tian)陽也(ye);廟(miao)(miao)則(ze)(ze)不(bu)壇(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan),兼人(ren)享也(ye);幽明(ming)屈伸之(zhi)(zhi)義(yi)也(ye)。國之(zhi)(zhi)大(da)事(shi)在(zai)祀(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)與戎,祀(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)事(shi)孔明(ming),后世(shi)所(suo)忽……”申《志(zhi)》卷二《壇(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)廟(miao)(miao)》所(suo)記(ji)與鄧《志(zhi)》基本(ben)(ben)相同(tong)。由(you)此(ci)(ci)可(ke)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng),此(ci)(ci)祀(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)壇(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)確本(ben)(ben)非(fei)(fei)廟(miao)(miao)中(zhong)(zhong)之(zhi)(zhi)物(wu),本(ben)(ben)來(lai)(lai)是(shi)(shi)村(cun)民用來(lai)(lai)祭祀(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)無后的(de)(de)(de)(de)孤魂野鬼的(de)(de)(de)(de),在(zai)方志(zhi)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)正(zheng)名(ming)為(wei)(wei)(wei)“厲(li)壇(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)”。又(you)有(you)(you)別名(ming)為(wei)(wei)(wei)“義(yi)祀(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)壇(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)”或“無祀(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)壇(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)”,如蓮峰廟(miao)(miao)旁的(de)(de)(de)(de)祀(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)壇(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)便有(you)(you)此(ci)(ci)稱。所(suo)以(yi),此(ci)(ci)祀(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)壇(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)雖(sui)然現(xian)存于(yu)(yu)望(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)廈普(pu)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)禪(chan)(chan)院(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)花(hua)園內,但(dan)其(qi)最初是(shi)(shi)與禪(chan)(chan)院(yuan)無涉,其(qi)紀(ji)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)不(bu)可(ke)作禪(chan)(chan)院(yuan)創寺之(zhi)(zhi)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng),但(dan)卻可(ke)以(yi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)望(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)廈村(cun)開(kai)村(cun)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)代(dai)之(zhi)(zhi)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)。由(you)天(tian)啟(qi)(qi)(qi)七(qi)(qi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)“祀(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)壇(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)”之(zhi)(zhi)碑(bei)(bei)(bei)石,可(ke)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)望(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)廈正(zheng)式(shi)開(kai)村(cun)立(li)(li)(li)壇(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)就(jiu)在(zai)天(tian)啟(qi)(qi)(qi)七(qi)(qi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)。此(ci)(ci)“祀(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)壇(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)”其(qi)實就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)設(she)在(zai)望(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)廈村(cun)村(cun)口的(de)(de)(de)(de)社稷壇(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan),所(suo)謂開(kai)村(cun)立(li)(li)(li)社,兩者應是(shi)(shi)同(tong)時進行的(de)(de)(de)(de)。但(dan)自清道光以(yi)后至,人(ren)們(men)便一(yi)直誤認為(wei)(wei)(wei)祀(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)壇(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)碑(bei)(bei)(bei)是(shi)(shi)屬于(yu)(yu)普(pu)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)禪(chan)(chan)院(yuan)之(zhi)(zhi)碑(bei)(bei)(bei),其(qi)根(gen)本(ben)(ben)原因(yin)就(jiu)在(zai)于(yu)(yu)清末(mo)以(yi)來(lai)(lai)已(yi)很少人(ren)知道明(ming)至清前期(qi)所(suo)實行的(de)(de)(de)(de)“壇(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)則(ze)(ze)不(bu)屋”和“廟(miao)(miao)則(ze)(ze)不(bu)壇(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)原則(ze)(ze)了(le)。因(yin)此(ci)(ci)才有(you)(you)為(wei)(wei)(wei)壇(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)加(jia)屋甚至把(ba)壇(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)搬入廟(miao)(miao)內的(de)(de)(de)(de)現(xian)象出現(xian)和流行。再說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo),祀(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)壇(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)性(xing)質和含(han)義(yi)本(ben)(ben)身更可(ke)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)明(ming)其(qi)本(ben)(ben)非(fei)(fei)崇拜觀音的(de)(de)(de)(de)觀音堂亦即普(pu)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)禪(chan)(chan)院(yuan)所(suo)應設(she)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(注:此(ci)(ci)段參閱澳(ao)門大(da)學譚世(shi)寶教授的(de)(de)(de)(de)打印稿。

既然不(bu)能以(yi)“祀壇”的(de)(de)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)代確定普(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)禪(chan)(chan)院(yuan)的(de)(de)始(shi)(shi)建(jian)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)代,那(nei)么,前述(shu)該院(yuan)建(jian)于(yu)(yu)崇禎(zhen)五(wu)(wu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)說(shuo)法(fa)根據何在(zai)(zai)呢?證據有二:一(yi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)普(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)禪(chan)(chan)院(yuan)大雄(xiong)寶殿古銅(tong)(tong)鐘(zhong)。李鵬翥在(zai)(zai)《澳(ao)門(men)(men)古今》中說(shuo):“普(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)禪(chan)(chan)院(yuan)的(de)(de)大雄(xiong)寶殿,莊嚴宏偉(wei),內供(gong)三(san)(san)(san)尊三(san)(san)(san)寶佛像,俱是(shi)(shi)(shi)丈八金(jin)(jin)身,魁梧奇(qi)偉(wei);旁懸一(yi)個(ge)大銅(tong)(tong)鐘(zhong),古色斑駁(bo)。原(yuan)來這(zhe)個(ge)銅(tong)(tong)鐘(zhong)在(zai)(zai)《香山(shan)縣(xian)志(zhi)》中有所記(ji)載:‘普(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)禪(chan)(chan)院(yuan)鐘(zhong)款(kuan)(kuan),右鐘(zhong)在(zai)(zai)澳(ao)門(men)(men)望廈村,款(kuan)(kuan)云(yun):崇禎(zhen)五(wu)(wu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)。’”(注(zhu):李鵬翥著:《澳(ao)門(men)(men)古今》,三(san)(san)(san)聯書店香港分社/澳(ao)門(men)(men)星光出版(ban)社,1986年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)11月第1版(ban),第215頁(ye)。)若(ruo)此說(shuo)屬實,則(ze)此廟始(shi)(shi)建(jian)之(zhi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)當為(wei)(wei)崇禎(zhen)五(wu)(wu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1632)。因(yin)為(wei)(wei)銅(tong)(tong)鐘(zhong)應是(shi)(shi)(shi)立廟的(de)(de)基本(ben)必(bi)須用品之(zhi)一(yi),而且是(shi)(shi)(shi)長久性的(de)(de)耐用品,故開光啟(qi)用后(hou)(hou)無(wu)特(te)別原(yuan)因(yin)就不(bu)會更置。二是(shi)(shi)(shi)普(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)禪(chan)(chan)院(yuan)后(hou)(hou)山(shan)的(de)(de)普(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)寺普(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)同(tong)(tong)塔(ta)(ta)。據普(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)禪(chan)(chan)院(yuan)上(shang)(shang)任住持(chi)慧(hui)因(yin)在(zai)(zai)塔(ta)(ta)后(hou)(hou)的(de)(de)碑志(zhi)上(shang)(shang)稱:“本(ben)山(shan)自天(tian)啟(qi)三(san)(san)(san)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)由循智(zhi)祖(zu)師(shi)斥衣缽資購下,崇禎(zhen)五(wu)(wu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)建(jian)斯普(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)同(tong)(tong)塔(ta)(ta)。雍正癸(gui)卯(mao)比(bi)(bi)丘天(tian)樹、乾隆丙午(wu)比(bi)(bi)丘靜持(chi)、同(tong)(tong)治(zhi)癸(gui)酉比(bi)(bi)丘暢瀾均(jun)重修之(zhi)。至民國丙子,塔(ta)(ta)漸(jian)頹毀(hui),比(bi)(bi)丘遐齡、比(bi)(bi)丘濟(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)航經(jing)(jing)營(ying)(ying)之(zhi),遂(sui)成今觀焉(yan)。”此碑志(zhi)所提供(gong)給我們(men)(men)(men)的(de)(de)明(ming)(ming)確信息,正如《澳(ao)門(men)(men)宗(zong)教》的(de)(de)作者之(zhi)一(yi)鄭煒明(ming)(ming)所說(shuo):“由此碑志(zhi)我們(men)(men)(men)可以(yi)推知(zhi)普(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)禪(chan)(chan)院(yuan)或最(zui)遲于(yu)(yu)明(ming)(ming)朝(chao)天(tian)啟(qi)三(san)(san)(san)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1623)起已開始(shi)(shi)經(jing)(jing)營(ying)(ying),創(chuang)院(yuan)祖(zu)師(shi)為(wei)(wei)循智(zhi)大師(shi),而普(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)同(tong)(tong)塔(ta)(ta)則(ze)始(shi)(shi)建(jian)于(yu)(yu)明(ming)(ming)崇禎(zhen)五(wu)(wu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1632),立志(zhi)的(de)(de)慧(hui)因(yin)大師(shi)乃(nai)普(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)禪(chan)(chan)院(yuan)的(de)(de)前任住持(chi),他的(de)(de)說(shuo)法(fa)應該可信。”(注(zhu):鄭煒明(ming)(ming)、黃啟(qi)臣著:《澳(ao)門(men)(men)宗(zong)教》,澳(ao)門(men)(men)基金(jin)(jin)會,1994年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)11月第1版(ban),第13頁(ye)。)至于(yu)(yu)普(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)禪(chan)(chan)院(yuan)的(de)(de)創(chuang)建(jian)時(shi)(shi)間,雖無(wu)明(ming)(ming)示,但給我們(men)(men)(men)提供(gong)了一(yi)些線索。創(chuang)院(yuan)祖(zu)師(shi)循智(zhi)大師(shi)于(yu)(yu)天(tian)啟(qi)三(san)(san)(san)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)開始(shi)(shi)斥資經(jing)(jing)營(ying)(ying),九年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)之(zhi)后(hou)(hou)即(ji)崇禎(zhen)五(wu)(wu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)普(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)同(tong)(tong)塔(ta)(ta)建(jian)成,這(zhe)一(yi)時(shi)(shi)間恰與普(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)禪(chan)(chan)院(yuan)大銅(tong)(tong)鐘(zhong)的(de)(de)款(kuan)(kuan)文相符。我們(men)(men)(men)是(shi)(shi)(shi)否可以(yi)做出這(zhe)樣(yang)的(de)(de)推論:普(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)同(tong)(tong)塔(ta)(ta)的(de)(de)建(jian)成時(shi)(shi)間就是(shi)(shi)(shi)普(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)禪(chan)(chan)院(yuan)的(de)(de)落成時(shi)(shi)間,同(tong)(tong)在(zai)(zai)崇禎(zhen)五(wu)(wu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)。這(zhe)樣(yang)規(gui)模的(de)(de)一(yi)座寺院(yuan),從籌劃至建(jian)成,歷經(jing)(jing)九年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)時(shi)(shi)間,是(shi)(shi)(shi)完全可能的(de)(de)。而若(ruo)因(yin)此認為(wei)(wei)“寺廟建(jian)于(yu)(yu)明(ming)(ming)末天(tian)啟(qi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)間,1623年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)投入(ru)使(shi)用”(注(zhu):李桂玲(ling)編(bian)著:《臺港澳(ao)宗(zong)教概況》,東方出版(ban)社,1996年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)1月第1版(ban),第442頁(ye)。),則(ze)顯然屬于(yu)(yu)誤斷(duan)。

普濟(ji)(ji)禪(chan)院(yuan)是澳(ao)門最古老巨剎,歷史悠久、規模(mo)(mo)宏(hong)大、建筑雄偉(wei)。《澳(ao)門紀略(lve)》曰:“舊有普濟(ji)(ji)禪(chan)院(yuan)。”《香山縣志》亦云:“普濟(ji)(ji)禪(chan)院(yuan)在(zai)(zai)澳(ao)門望(wang)廈(sha)(sha)村(cun)(cun)。”普濟(ji)(ji)禪(chan)院(yuan),原名觀(guan)(guan)音堂(tang)(tang),在(zai)(zai)昔日望(wang)廈(sha)(sha)村(cun)(cun)的(de)東(dong)面(mian),因供奉觀(guan)(guan)音菩薩而得名。在(zai)(zai)望(wang)廈(sha)(sha)村(cun)(cun)的(de)西面(mian),原有一所觀(guan)(guan)音古廟(miao),是土著村(cun)(cun)民所建,規模(mo)(mo)較小,每逢(feng)觀(guan)(guan)音誕辰(chen),只(zhi)許本地村(cun)(cun)民膜(mo)拜,排擠外地信眾,因此當時居澳(ao)的(de)福建籍人士便(bian)發(fa)起建成(cheng)比(bi)原古廟(miao)更(geng)為(wei)軒昂的(de)觀(guan)(guan)音堂(tang)(tang)。觀(guan)(guan)音堂(tang)(tang)建成(cheng)后,三百多年來,幾(ji)經擴建,終(zhong)于發(fa)展為(wei)規模(mo)(mo)巨大、莊嚴宏(hong)偉(wei)的(de)普濟(ji)(ji)禪(chan)院(yuan)。

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