冬(dong)美人(ren)(xGraptophytum ‘Supreme’)是(shi)景天科厚車(che)蓮屬(shu)的多肉(rou)植物(wu),又稱東美人(ren),是(shi)風車(che)草(cao)屬(shu)與厚葉(xie)草(cao)屬(shu)的跨(kua)屬(shu)雜交品(pin)種。相較桃美人(ren)、星(xing)美人(ren)等品(pin)種葉(xie)片稍(shao)薄(bo),葉(xie)前端(duan)稍(shao)尖。
喜(xi)溫(wen)暖干燥、陽(yang)光(guang)充(chong)足、通(tong)風良好的(de)環境,較耐旱(han),不耐寒,不耐濕熱,無明顯休(xiu)眠期(qi)。在溫(wen)差大、日(ri)照時(shi)間長(chang)的(de)環境下葉片會變為淡粉(fen)色(se),通(tong)常(chang)(chang)為灰(hui)藍色(se);葉片表面有一(yi)層白霜,日(ri)常(chang)(chang)澆(jiao)水時(shi)需注(zhu)意勿(wu)將白霜沖(chong)刷掉。
冬美人喜溫暖、干燥和光照充足的環境,耐旱性強,喜疏松、排水透氣性良的土壤,無明顯休眠期,即(ji)便夏季(ji)都可全(quan)日照。生長(chang)適溫(wen)18-25度(du),在冬季(ji)溫(wen)暖、夏季(ji)冷涼的氣候條件下生長(chang)良好。
植株為(wei)多(duo)年生(sheng)無(wu)毛肉質草本植物,冬美(mei)人葉(xie)(xie)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)環狀(zhuang)排列,匙型,有葉(xie)(xie)尖,葉(xie)(xie)緣圓弧狀(zhuang),葉(xie)(xie)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)肥厚(hou),葉(xie)(xie)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)光(guang)(guang)滑微量白(bai)粉,葉(xie)(xie)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)藍綠(lv)色至灰(hui)白(bai)色。陽(yang)光(guang)(guang)充足葉(xie)(xie)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)緊密排列,葉(xie)(xie)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)頂端(duan)和(he)葉(xie)(xie)心會輕微粉紅,弱光(guang)(guang)則葉(xie)(xie)色淺灰(hui)綠(lv),葉(xie)(xie)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)變的窄且長,葉(xie)(xie)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)間的間距會徒長拉(la)長。冬美(mei)人的花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)桿很高。簇狀(zhuang)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)序,紅色花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)朵,花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)朵倒(dao)鐘形,串狀(zhuang)排列,花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)開五瓣(ban),初(chu)夏開花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)。
繁殖(zhi)方(fang)式(shi)主要用葉插及(ji)扦插繁殖(zhi),于(yu)生長季節從健壯的植株(zhu)上切取葉片,放陰(yin)涼(liang)的環境中晾幾天,待稍干(gan)后即入盆(pen)沙(sha)中,少量澆水,保持盆(pen)沙(sha)潮潤(run),極易生根成活,當根長達到2-3厘米(mi)時,即可移入小盆(pen)中培養(yang),枝插或葉插均可,以葉插為好。
澆(jiao)水(shui)是(shi)干透澆(jiao)透,見干見濕,澆(jiao)時應避免葉芯處積水(shui)導致(zhi)的(de)(de)爛芯,夏(xia)季濕熱的(de)(de)環境下(xia)要控(kong)(kong)制澆(jiao)水(shui)頻率,加強通風,冬天溫度低(di)于5℃就要逐漸控(kong)(kong)制澆(jiao)水(shui)水(shui),0℃以下(xia)保持(chi)(chi)盆土(tu)干燥,盡量保持(chi)(chi)不低(di)于零(ling)下(xia)3℃。配土(tu)一般(ban)用泥炭+蛭石(shi)+珍(zhen)珠巖各一份;生長(chang)期適量澆(jiao)水(shui),夏(xia)季濕熱情(qing)況下(xia)控(kong)(kong)制澆(jiao)水(shui)并注意遮蔭(yin);生長(chang)期施肥一般(ban)每(mei)月一次。
葉形葉色較(jiao)美,有一定的觀賞價值(zhi);可(ke)栽植于室內(nei)以吸(xi)收甲醛等(deng)物(wu)質,凈化空氣(qi),云南,臺灣等(deng)地常用(yong)來(lai)食用(yong)。