《琵(pi)琶記》為元朝高明(ming)(則誠)所作昆曲(qu)傳統劇(ju)目,改編(bian)自南曲(qu)戲文。講(jiang)述的(de)是漢代書生蔡伯(bo)喈與趙五娘悲(bei)歡離合的(de)故事(shi),共四十二出。
書生蔡(cai)(cai)(cai)伯(bo)喈與(yu)趙(zhao)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)娘(niang)新(xin)婚不久,恰逢朝(chao)廷開科取士,伯(bo)喈以父(fu)母年(nian)事(shi)已高(gao),欲(yu)辭試留在(zai)家中(zhong),服侍(shi)父(fu)母。但蔡(cai)(cai)(cai)公(gong)(gong)不從,鄰(lin)居張大(da)(da)公(gong)(gong)也在(zai)旁邊勸說。伯(bo)喈只好告(gao)別父(fu)母、妻(qi)子,赴京(jing)應試,中(zhong)了狀元。牛(niu)(niu)(niu)丞(cheng)相(xiang)有一女尚未(wei)婚配,奉旨(zhi)招新(xin)科狀元為婿。伯(bo)喈以父(fu)母年(nian)邁,在(zai)家無人(ren)照顧,需(xu)回(hui)家盡(jin)孝(xiao)為由,欲(yu)辭婚、辭官(guan),但牛(niu)(niu)(niu)丞(cheng)相(xiang)與(yu)皇帝不從,被(bei)迫滯(zhi)留京(jing)城。自(zi)伯(bo)喈離家后(hou)(hou)(hou),故鄉陳(chen)(chen)留連年(nian)遭受(shou)旱(han)災,五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)娘(niang)任勞任怨,盡(jin)力服侍(shi)公(gong)(gong)婆(po)(po),讓(rang)(rang)公(gong)(gong)婆(po)(po)吃米,自(zi)己則(ze)背著公(gong)(gong)婆(po)(po)私下(xia)自(zi)咽糟糠。但這卻惹起婆(po)(po)婆(po)(po)的懷疑(yi),誤認她躲著吃好東西,及至(zhi)發現(xian)是吃糠,婆(po)(po)婆(po)(po)一時痛悔過甚而亡(wang),后(hou)(hou)(hou)蔡(cai)(cai)(cai)公(gong)(gong)也死于饑(ji)荒。而伯(bo)喈被(bei)強贅入牛(niu)(niu)(niu)府(fu)后(hou)(hou)(hou),終(zhong)日思念父(fu)母,寫信(xin)(xin)去陳(chen)(chen)留家中(zhong),信(xin)(xin)被(bei)拐兒(er)騙(pian)走(zou),致使音信(xin)(xin)不通(tong)。一日,在(zai)書房彈(dan)琴抒發幽思,為牛(niu)(niu)(niu)氏(shi)(shi)聽(ting)見,得(de)知實(shi)情,告(gao)知父(fu)親(qin)。牛(niu)(niu)(niu)丞(cheng)相(xiang)為女兒(er)說服,遂派人(ren)去陳(chen)(chen)留迎取伯(bo)喈父(fu)母、妻(qi)子來(lai)京(jing)。蔡(cai)(cai)(cai)公(gong)(gong)、蔡(cai)(cai)(cai)婆(po)(po)去世后(hou)(hou)(hou),五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)娘(niang)剪發賣錢,安(an)排喪葬,羅裙(qun)包土,自(zi)筑(zhu)墳墓(mu)。又親(qin)手繪成(cheng)公(gong)(gong)婆(po)(po)遺容,身(shen)背琵琶(pa),沿路彈(dan)唱乞食,往(wang)京(jing)城尋(xun)(xun)夫(fu)。來(lai)到京(jing)城,正(zheng)遇彌陀寺(si)大(da)(da)法會,便往(wang)寺(si)中(zhong)募化(hua)求(qiu)食,將公(gong)(gong)婆(po)(po)真容供(gong)于佛前。正(zheng)逢伯(bo)喈也來(lai)寺(si)中(zhong)燒香,祈禱父(fu)母路上(shang)(shang)平安(an)。見到父(fu)母真容,便拿回(hui)府(fu)中(zhong)掛在(zai)書房內(nei)。五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)娘(niang)尋(xun)(xun)至(zhi)牛(niu)(niu)(niu)府(fu),被(bei)牛(niu)(niu)(niu)氏(shi)(shi)請至(zhi)府(fu)內(nei)彈(dan)唱。五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)娘(niang)見牛(niu)(niu)(niu)氏(shi)(shi)賢(xian)淑,便將自(zi)己的身(shen)世告(gao)知牛(niu)(niu)(niu)氏(shi)(shi)。牛(niu)(niu)(niu)氏(shi)(shi)為讓(rang)(rang)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)娘(niang)與(yu)伯(bo)喈團(tuan)聚(ju),又怕伯(bo)喈不認,便讓(rang)(rang)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)娘(niang)到書房在(zai)公(gong)(gong)婆(po)(po)的真容上(shang)(shang)題詩暗喻。伯(bo)喈回(hui)府(fu),見畫上(shang)(shang)所題之詩,正(zheng)欲(yu)問牛(niu)(niu)(niu)氏(shi)(shi),牛(niu)(niu)(niu)氏(shi)(shi)便帶(dai)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)娘(niang)入內(nei),夫(fu)妻(qi)遂得(de)以團(tuan)聚(ju)。五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)娘(niang)告(gao)知家中(zhong)事(shi)情,伯(bo)喈悲痛至(zhi)極,即(ji)刻(ke)上(shang)(shang)表(biao)辭官(guan),要求(qiu)回(hui)鄉守孝(xiao)。在(zai)得(de)到牛(niu)(niu)(niu)丞(cheng)相(xiang)的同(tong)(tong)意后(hou)(hou)(hou),伯(bo)喈遂攜趙(zhao)氏(shi)(shi)、牛(niu)(niu)(niu)氏(shi)(shi)同(tong)(tong)歸故里,廬(lu)墓(mu)守孝(xiao)。后(hou)(hou)(hou)皇帝下(xia)詔,旌表(biao)蔡(cai)(cai)(cai)氏(shi)(shi)一門。
戲曲表現
該(gai)劇目有《六十種曲》本、容與堂刻本和(he)上海古籍出(chu)版(ban)社1980年排印本。