魯(lu)一同先世為明(ming)末翰林,清初隨吳三桂征討云南,后“窺其有異志,挈(qie)孥而(er)逃(tao)于淮安之(zhi)山陽,遂占籍焉。”后祖輩居安東(dong)東(dong)佃湖,所居成村,名(ming)魯(lu)家莊(今漣(lian)水(shui)縣方渡鄉(xiang))。清嘉慶(qing)九年乙丑(1805年),魯(lu)一同生于此,成年后“始遷(qian)清河(今淮安市淮陰區)”。其父長泰,字瞻巖,號特山,別署(shu)小(xiao)魚頭道人。乾隆(long)辛(xin)亥(hai)(1791年)淮郡庠生,“工書善畫(hua),閉門養素,以道自貞”,尤善繪花(hua)鳥蟲魚,世人重其畫(hua)雞,時稱“魯(lu)雞”。
少年(nian)(nian)(nian)魯一同(tong)聰穎過人(ren),幼從(cong)(cong)三(san)姐蘭(lan)仙(字靈香)識字,繼(ji)又隨之入塾(shu)。六歲(sui)通五(wu)音,“少長工(gong)為古(gu)文(wen)辭”,塾(shu)師徐(xu)念劬先生(sheng)(sheng)以孔文(wen)舉(ju)(ju)(融)、楊(yang)德(de)祖(zu)(修)相期。十三(san)歲(sui)從(cong)(cong)巢湖楊(yang)欲仁先生(sheng)(sheng)學。楊(yang)字體之,別號鐵梅道人(ren),善(shan)畫梅,有名于(yu)世(shi)。魯一同(tong)侍其作畫,展紙研墨(mo),觀摩學習,興趣油然(ran)而生(sheng)(sheng),又從(cong)(cong)習畫,盡得(de)其傳。十七(qi)歲(sui)入山陽縣學,十八歲(sui)鄉試(shi)中副(fu)榜第(di)二(er)名(副(fu)貢生(sheng)(sheng))。道光十五(wu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)乙未(1835年(nian)(nian)(nian))中第(di)二(er)十名舉(ju)(ju)人(ren),時年(nian)(nian)(nian)三(san)十二(er)。后數應會試(shi)均不能金榜題名,然(ran)魯一同(tong)以他(ta)的古(gu)文(wen)、詩詞和墨(mo)梅在(zai)應試(shi)舉(ju)(ju)子中享有盛名。
一起參加會試的蔡(cai)姓舉人偶問一同姓名,大驚說:“少時讀先生文,嘗恨古(gu)人不(bu)可復見,乃今先生故在也!”立即尊一同為老師。
寶(bao)山毛(mao)岳生見(jian)一同文章(zhang),以為“七(qi)百(bai)年來(lai),文患(huan)于(yu)柔弱,惟此能(neng)得(de)剛健之(zhi)美”。
建寧(ning)張際亮在道光時(shi)以詩名(ming)聞(wen)全國(guo),號(hao)稱“小太白(bai)”,讀一同古歌行(xing),自以為(wei)不及。
清末著名文(wen)士李慈銘(ming)稱贊說:“通甫詩氣(qi)象雄闊、浩(hao)蕩之(zhi)勢,獨往獨來,傳之(zhi)將來,足當詩史(shi)。”
當代著名(ming)學者(zhe)錢仲聯(lian)也稱贊一同鴉片(pian)戰爭時(shi)期的(de)《三公篇》、《讀史雜感》、《重有感》等愛(ai)國詩篇“魄力沉雄,蒼(cang)涼盤郁”,“嗣響杜陵”,“在道(dao)光時(shi)代,他是江蘇詩壇杰(jie)出的(de)一人。”
曾任(ren)安徽巡(xun)撫(fu)、湖廣總督的周天(tian)(tian)爵(敬修)“見其文曰,此天(tian)(tian)下大才也(ye)”。
時任禮部侍郎(lang)的曾(ceng)(ceng)國(guo)藩輕車簡(jian)從去館(guan)舍拜訪“問(wen)天下事”。曾(ceng)(ceng)對人說“淮安魯一(yi)同若(ruo)成(cheng)進士(shi),天下之幸也(ye)。”到(dao)揭榜(bang),仍無(wu)魯一(yi)同名。曾(ceng)(ceng)國(guo)藩甚“為懊喪,如失(shi)左右手”。
魯一同(tong)留心時(shi)務,好為激切之(zhi)(zhi)言。早在鴉片戰(zhan)爭前,就對道光朝的社會矛盾有(you)敏銳感覺和深遠(yuan)憂慮,與同(tong)鄉(xiang)潘(pan)德輿有(you)師(shi)友(you)之(zhi)(zhi)誼。
道(dao)光十七年(nian)(1837年(nian))林則(ze)徐赴湖廣(guang)總督任,惜一同才(cai),請他(ta)入幕,因親老而未(wei)(wei)成行。因受到曾國(guo)藩的賞識,太(tai)平天國(guo)革命爆發(fa)后,在家鄉替清(qing)河(he)縣(xian)知縣(xian)吳(wu)堂(tang)謀劃,抗拒太(tai)平軍(jun);又向安(an)徽巡撫江忠源提出了先攻旁郡后打(da)南(nan)京的戰略計劃。但他(ta)始終未(wei)(wei)為幕僚(liao)。
是年(nian)秋,應邀去邳(pi)州(今(jin)邳(pi)州市(shi))修《邳(pi)州志(zhi)》。魯所纂修的《邳(pi)州志(zhi)》被推崇為名志(zhi),有“志(zhi)家(jia)法程”的美譽。完(wan)成(cheng)后(hou),又應清(qing)河(he)知縣(xian)之(zhi)邀在清(qing)江浦慈云寺(今(jin)淮安(an)市(shi)市(shi)區)修《清(qing)河(he)縣(xian)志(zhi)》。
咸豐五年(nian)(1855年(nian))歸(gui)館吳城義塾。同治二年(nian)(1863年(nian))逝世。
魯(lu)一(yi)同在(zai)12歲(sui)時,赴淮安應(ying)試,父親魯(lu)長(chang)泰送他前(qian)去。說(shuo)也湊巧。他到淮安后,腳上起了個(ge)疙(ge)瘩,行(xing)走不便,外出全要(yao)他父親背著。
一天,他(ta)經過考場門口,見有一只(zhi)山羊,脖子上(shang)系著(zhu)一把斧頭。原來是個謎語(yu),猜(cai)中能賞(shang)到五千錢。魯(lu)一同一下就猜(cai)中了,伸手(shou)將懸在(zai)門上(shang)的(de)賞(shang)錢取(qu)過來。看(kan)門人(ren)見他(ta)年幼,又騎在(zai)父(fu)親肩上(shang),甚(shen)覺(jue)有趣,便笑著(zhu)請他(ta)進(jin)去。
此時,已有人(ren)報告主考史(shi)大人(ren)。史(shi)大人(ren)漫(man)不經心(xin)地(di)問:“你說說,謎(mi)底是什么?”魯一(yi)(yi)(yi)同稚(zhi)聲稚(zhi)氣地(di)說:“淮安府督管(guan)山陽縣。”史(shi)大人(ren)聽了(le),感到(dao)驚奇。他看(kan)了(le)魯一(yi)(yi)(yi)同一(yi)(yi)(yi)眼,沉思了(le)一(yi)(yi)(yi)會,又叫他作(zuo)對。
史大人(ren)慢慢地(di)說(shuo):“以父作馬”。魯一(yi)同(tong)很快地(di)回答:“望子成龍(long)。”史大人(ren)點頭微笑。
又說:“魯小生,腰去四(si)點,可作曾門弟子。”魯一(yi)同望了主考大人一(yi)眼(yan),低著頭,膽怯地小聲說:“史大人,頭加一(yi)橫(heng),便成吏部天官(guan)。”
史(shi)大人聽了(le),高興地從(cong)座(zuo)位上站起來,連(lian)連(lian)稱(cheng)贊道:“對(dui)得好(hao),對(dui)得好(hao)。”
就是這一年(nian),魯一同中了(le)秀才。
魯一同(tong),字通甫,清河(he)人。善屬文(wen),師事(shi)潘(pan)德輿(yu)。道(dao)光十五年舉人。時承平久,一同(tong)獨深憂,謂(wei):“今天下多不(bu)(bu)(bu)激之(zhi)氣(qi),積而不(bu)(bu)(bu)化之(zhi)習(xi);在位者(zhe)貪不(bu)(bu)(bu)去之(zhi)身,陳說者(zhe)務(wu)(wu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)駭之(zhi)論。風(feng)烈(lie)不(bu)(bu)(bu)紀,一旦有緩急,莫(mo)可倚仗。”既,再試不(bu)(bu)(bu)第,益研精於(wu)學。凡田賦、兵戎(rong)諸大(da)政,及河(he)道(dao)遷(qian)變(bian)、地形險要,悉得其機(ji)牙。為文(wen)務(wu)(wu)切世(shi)情,古茂峻厲,有杜牧、尹洙(zhu)之(zhi)風(feng)。漕督周天爵見之(zhi),曰(yue):“天下大(da)材(cai)也(ye),豈(qi)直文(wen)字哉!”曾國藩尤嘆異之(zhi)。
試(shi)禮部,入都,國藩數屏騶從就問天下(xia)事。粵(yue)逆踞金(jin)(jin)(jin)陵(ling)也,同(tong)年生吳棠方宰清河,一同(tong)為(wei)(wei)草檄,傳示列縣,辭氣奮發,江北人心大(da)定。江忠源(yuan)師(shi)抵廬州(zhou),友人戴鈞衡為(wei)(wei)書通(tong)國藩之(zhi)指(zhi),欲其起佐忠源(yuan)。一同(tong)謝不出(chu),復書極論用兵(bing)機宜,謂(wei)當緩金(jin)(jin)(jin)陵(ling),專攻旁郡。其后大(da)兵(bing)筑(zhu)長圍,期(qi)旦夕破金(jin)(jin)(jin)陵(ling),一同(tong)獨決其必敗,未幾,果潰(kui)裂,蘇(su)、浙淪陷。已(yi)而(er)國藩克安慶,復金(jin)(jin)(jin)陵(ling),一如所論。同(tong)治二年,卒,年五十九。著《邳州(zhou)志》、《清河志》、《通(tong)甫類稿》。
子(zi)蕡(fen),字(zi)仲實。諸生,文有家法(fa)。善(shan)綜(zong)核,知府章儀林議減清河賦,苦繁重,叩蕡(fen)。蕡(fen)為剖析條(tiao)目(mu),退草三千言,明(ming)旦(dan)獻之。儀林驚喜,因請主辦,三年而成。又佐修安(an)東水道,役竣(jun),費無(wu)毫發溢(yi)。
【辛丑重有感(八首選(xuan)一)】
張公苦意絕天驕,忽報(bao)呼韓款圣朝。
便遣頻陽老王(wang)翦,豈宜絕域棄班超(chao)。
跕鳶事業心紆折,射(she)虎(hu)河山氣寂(ji)寥。
珍(zhen)重玉(yu)關天萬里,西(xi)風(feng)大樹日蕭蕭。
【荒(huang)年謠(五首選二)】
【賣耕牛】
賣耕(geng)牛,耕(geng)牛鳴何(he)哀!
原頭草盡(jin)不得食,牽牛躑(zhi)躅屠(tu)門來。
牛不能言但(dan)嗚(wu)咽,屠人磨刀向(xiang)牛說:
有(you)田可耕汝當活,農夫死盡(jin)汝命絕。
旁觀老(lao)子方幅(fu)巾(jin),戒人(ren)食(shi)牛人(ren)怒(nu)慎:
不見前村(cun)人食(shi)人!
小車轔轔
小(xiao)車轔轔,女吟(yin)男呻,竹頭(tou)木屑載零星。
嘔呀啁哳行不停,破釜墮地(di)灰痕青。
路逢相識人,勸言不(bu)可行:
南(nan)走五日道路斷,縣官驅人(ren)如驅蠅。
同去(qu)十人九人死,黃河東(dong)流卷(juan)哭聲。”
車(che)轔(lin)轔(lin),難為聽(ting)。
【關忠節公(gong)家傳】
公(gong)(gong)(gong)名天培,字仲因(yin),一(yi)(yi)字滋圃,姓關氏,山陽人(ren)(ren)也(ye)。起(qi)家行伍(wu),歷(li)淮安(an)城守(shou)(shou)(shou)營(ying)完備,揚(yang)州中營(ying)守(shou)(shou)(shou)備。獲(huo)私鑄王(wang)國(guo)英等十(shi)八(ba)人(ren)(ren),署(shu)溧陽營(ying)都(dou)司(si),獲(huo)匪嚴(yan)加烈等二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)十(shi)五(wu)(wu)人(ren)(ren),移兩江(jiang)督(du)標左營(ying)守(shou)(shou)(shou)備,歷(li)中軍(jun)都(dou)司(si),外(wai)(wai)海(hai)水(shui)(shui)師(shi)(shi)騎營(ying)守(shou)(shou)(shou)備,騎營(ying)游擊(ji)(ji)。道光(guang)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),外(wai)(wai)洋(yang)(yang)(yang)獲(huo)盜最。三年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),署(shu)吳(wu)淞(song)(song)營(ying)參(can)將,旋即(ji)真(zhen)。后(hou)(hou)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),東(dong)(dong)南(nan)(nan)方議海(hai)運(yun)。海(hai)運(yun)自(zi)(zi)明(ming)以(yi)(yi)來,輟數(shu)百(bai)(bai)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),議者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)紛錯,大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)府(fu)舉(ju)公(gong)(gong)(gong)任其事(shi)(shi)。六(liu)(liu)(liu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)月,督(du)米船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)千百(bai)(bai)四十(shi)五(wu)(wu)艘,米百(bai)(bai)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)十(shi)四萬一(yi)(yi)千余石,自(zi)(zi)吳(wu)淞(song)(song)抵天津(jin),先(xian)期功最,署(shu)太湖營(ying)副將,明(ming)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),署(shu)蘇松營(ying)總兵(bing)(bing)官(guan),旋即(ji)真(zhen)。十(shi)三年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)入朝,上(shang)(shang)(shang)御(yu)便殿召見,五(wu)(wu)次軍(jun)機(ji)記(ji)名。明(ming)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),夷事(shi)(shi)萌芽。先(xian)是(shi)(shi),西南(nan)(nan)諸夷暹羅(luo)、真(zhen)臘、安(an)南(nan)(nan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)屬,皆恭順受(shou)職(zhi)貢。惟英吉利最遠,強黠。嘉慶(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)間入貢,嚴(yan)衛入海(hai)。至(zhi)是(shi)(shi)夷目律勞卑(bei)來,不(bu)(bu)如(ru)約,兵(bing)(bing)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)駛至(zhi)黃埔河,兩廣(guang)總督(du)盧坤(kun)、水(shui)(shui)師(shi)(shi)提督(du)李增階(jie)坐疏(shu)防落職(zhi),而(er)(er)(er)(er)以(yi)(yi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)廣(guang)東(dong)(dong)水(shui)(shui)師(shi)(shi)提督(du)。公(gong)(gong)(gong)至(zhi)則(ze)親(qin)歷(li)重洋(yang)(yang)(yang),觀扼塞,建臺(tai)(tai)守(shou)(shou)(shou),排鐵(tie)索(suo),軍(jun)務肅然,東(dong)(dong)南(nan)(nan)倚以(yi)(yi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)重。公(gong)(gong)(gong)容(rong)貌如(ru)常人(ren)(ren),悛(quan)悛(quan)畏謹,而(er)(er)(er)(er)洞(dong)識(shi)機(ji)要,口占應對悉(xi)中。暇則(ze)習弓(gong)馬技擊(ji)(ji),技絕精。在廣(guang)著(zhu)(zhu)《籌(chou)海(hai)集》,識(shi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)比(bi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)戚少(shao)保云(yun)。居虎(hu)(hu)門六(liu)(liu)(liu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),而(er)(er)(er)(er)禁煙(yan)事(shi)(shi)起(qi)。當(dang)是(shi)(shi)時,洋(yang)(yang)(yang)煙(yan)流毒遍天下(xia);前侍郎黃爵滋發其事(shi)(shi),上(shang)(shang)(shang)命內外(wai)(wai)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)臣(chen)雜議,議定(ding)(ding),著(zhu)(zhu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)令(ling)。而(er)(er)(er)(er)英吉利躉船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)適(shi)至(zhi)。躉船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),販煙(yan)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)也(ye)。公(gong)(gong)(gong)既習于(yu)(yu)(yu)海(hai),而(er)(er)(er)(er)前欽(qin)差(cha)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)臣(chen)林公(gong)(gong)(gong)則(ze)徐(xu),威(wei)略素著(zhu)(zhu),與(yu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)尤(you)協力,至(zhi)則(ze)拘夷目,錮其船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan),船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)不(bu)(bu)得(de)(de)發,獲(huo)煙(yan)土(tu)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)萬二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)百(bai)(bai)余箱焚之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。奏聞,上(shang)(shang)(shang)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)悅(yue),敘功有(you)差(cha)。夷計(ji)(ji)不(bu)(bu)得(de)(de)逞,明(ming)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)四月,驟師(shi)(shi)入浙(zhe)江(jiang),據定(ding)(ding)海(hai)。分(fen)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)溯大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)洋(yang)(yang)(yang),上(shang)(shang)(shang)天津(jin),詭投(tou)書乞(qi)和(he)(he),而(er)(er)(er)(er)前直隸(li)總督(du)琦善,馳傳(chuan)赴廣(guang)東(dong)(dong),林公(gong)(gong)(gong)以(yi)(yi)罪去。于(yu)(yu)(yu)是(shi)(shi)和(he)(he)議興,海(hai)防撤矣(yi)(yi)(yi)。廣(guang)東(dong)(dong)邊海(hai)門戶曰香(xiang)港(gang)、虎(hu)(hu)門。香(xiang)港(gang)奧(ao)衍,易盤(pan)踞,去省(sheng)少(shao)紆遠;虎(hu)(hu)門險狹,海(hai)道曲折(zhe),去省(sheng)近。虎(hu)(hu)門外(wai)(wai)列十(shi)臺(tai)(tai),最外(wai)(wai)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)角(jiao)、沙角(jiao),屹(yi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)東(dong)(dong)南(nan)(nan)屏蔽(bi)。是(shi)(shi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)十(shi)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)月,夷攻(gong)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)角(jiao)、沙角(jiao),壞師(shi)(shi)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan),而(er)(er)(er)(er)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)帥日(ri)以(yi)(yi)文書與(yu)往來,冀得(de)(de)少(shao)遼緩。夷不(bu)(bu)報命而(er)(er)(er)(er)爭戰(zhan),戰(zhan)方交(jiao)則(ze)投(tou)書議和(he)(he),書報復戰(zhan),晝夜攻(gong)掠不(bu)(bu)已。時諸軍(jun)集廣(guang)府(fu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),駐(zhu)防滿兵(bing)(bing)、督(du)標、撫(fu)標兵(bing)(bing),共不(bu)(bu)下(xia)萬人(ren)(ren),又調集客兵(bing)(bing)、團練、鄉勇、民兵(bing)(bing)數(shu)萬,而(er)(er)(er)(er)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)帥所(suo)遣(qian)助守(shou)(shou)(shou)臺(tai)(tai)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),撫(fu)標二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)百(bai)(bai)人(ren)(ren),駐(zhu)東(dong)(dong)莞提標二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)百(bai)(bai)人(ren)(ren)備策(ce)應。則(ze)是(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)臺(tai)(tai)日(ri)益孤危,相(xiang)繼陷沒。二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)十(shi)一(yi)(yi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)五(wu)(wu)月,夷進攻(gong)威(wei)遠、靖(jing)遠諸臺(tai)(tai),守(shou)(shou)(shou)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)羸兵(bing)(bing)數(shu)百(bai)(bai),公(gong)(gong)(gong)遣(qian)將慟哭(ku)請師(shi)(shi),無(wu)應者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)。初,公(gong)(gong)(gong)以(yi)(yi)海(hai)運(yun)入都(dou)也(ye),時從故人(ren)(ren)飲(yin)酒肆(si)中,醉而(er)(er)(er)(er)言(yan)曰:“日(ri)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)謂我祿命,生當(dang)揚(yang)威(wei),死當(dang)血食。今吾(wu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)四十(shi)余,安(an)有(you)是(shi)(shi)哉(zai)!”已而(er)(er)(er)(er)嘆曰:“丈夫(fu)受(shou)國(guo)恩(en),有(you)急(ji),死耳(er),終不(bu)(bu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)妻子計(ji)(ji)。”公(gong)(gong)(gong)老(lao)母年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)八(ba)十(shi)余,長(chang)(chang)(chang)子奎龍,吳(wu)淞(song)(song)參(can)將,前卒(zu)。幼子先(xian)遣(qian)歸(gui),及是(shi)(shi)乃緘一(yi)(yi)匣寄家人(ren)(ren),堅不(bu)(bu)可(ke)開,公(gong)(gong)(gong)死后(hou)(hou)啟(qi)視,則(ze)墜齒數(shu)枚,舊衣數(shu)襲而(er)(er)(er)(er)已。公(gong)(gong)(gong)既自(zi)(zi)度眾寡(gua)不(bu)(bu)敵而(er)(er)(er)(er)援(yuan)絕,乃決自(zi)(zi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)計(ji)(ji),住靖(jing)遠臺(tai)(tai),晝夜督(du)戰(zhan)。已而(er)(er)(er)(er)夷大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)?奄至(zhi),公(gong)(gong)(gong)率游擊(ji)(ji)麥廷章奮(fen)勇登(deng)臺(tai)(tai),大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)呼督(du)厲士卒(zu),自(zi)(zi)卯至(zhi)未,所(suo)殺(sha)傷過當(dang),而(er)(er)(er)(er)身亦受(shou)數(shu)十(shi)創(chuang),血淋(lin)漓,衣甲盡濕。事(shi)(shi)急(ji),呼其仆(pu)孫長(chang)(chang)(chang)慶(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)使(shi)去。長(chang)(chang)(chang)慶(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)哭(ku)曰:“奴隨主數(shu)十(shi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)矣(yi)(yi)(yi),今有(you)急(ji),義不(bu)(bu)使(shi)主死而(er)(er)(er)(er)己獨全。”手持公(gong)(gong)(gong)衣不(bu)(bu)可(ke)開,公(gong)(gong)(gong)怒,拔刀逐之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)曰:“吾(wu)上(shang)(shang)(shang)負皇上(shang)(shang)(shang),下(xia)負老(lao)母,死猶晚,汝不(bu)(bu)去,今斬汝矣(yi)(yi)(yi)。”投(tou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)印,長(chang)(chang)(chang)慶(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)號而(er)(er)(er)(er)走。比(bi)及山半(ban),回顧,公(gong)(gong)(gong)隕絕于(yu)(yu)(yu)地。時二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)月六(liu)(liu)(liu)日(ri)也(ye)。長(chang)(chang)(chang)慶(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)既去,懸廠自(zi)(zi)縋(zhui)下(xia),下(xia)負水(shui)(shui)多蘆(lu)根,刺體如(ru)蝟,卒(zu)負重創(chuang),送印大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)府(fu)所(suo),而(er)(er)(er)(er)身復至(zhi)臺(tai)(tai)求公(gong)(gong)(gong)尸。夷人(ren)(ren)嚴(yan)兵(bing)(bing)守(shou)(shou)(shou)臺(tai)(tai),則(ze)乞(qi)通事(shi)(shi)吳(wu)某(mou)以(yi)(yi)情告(gao)。吳(wu)某(mou)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),嘗為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)漢奸,公(gong)(gong)(gong)得(de)(de)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),宥弗殺(sha),給事(shi)(shi)左右,恒(heng)思所(suo)以(yi)(yi)報公(gong)(gong)(gong)。至(zhi)是(shi)(shi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)長(chang)(chang)(chang)慶(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)說夷,誠懇反復,夷人(ren)(ren)義許之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。入求尸,鈹交(jiao)于(yu)(yu)(yu)胸。長(chang)(chang)(chang)慶(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)膝行前,遍索(suo)不(bu)(bu)得(de)(de)。卒(zu)詣公(gong)(gong)(gong)所(suo)立處,舉(ju)他尸數(shu)十(shi)乃得(de)(de)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),半(ban)體焦焉。事(shi)(shi)聞,天子軫悼,予騎都(dou)尉(wei)世職(zhi),謚忠節,賜葬如(ru)禮。喪(sang)至(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)日(ri),士大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)數(shu)百(bai)(bai)人(ren)(ren),縞衣送迎(ying),道旁觀者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),或痛哭(ku)失聲。而(er)(er)(er)(er)長(chang)(chang)(chang)慶(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)得(de)(de)公(gong)(gong)(gong)尸后(hou)(hou),復求得(de)(de)麥廷章之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)半(ban)體,與(yu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)尸皆徒負以(yi)(yi)歸(gui),水(shui)(shui)陸七百(bai)(bai)里。公(gong)(gong)(gong)葬后(hou)(hou),恒(heng)郁郁不(bu)(bu)樂,言(yan)及公(gong)(gong)(gong),必泣(qi)下(xia)。未幾卒(zu)。論曰:甚矣(yi)(yi)(yi),虎(hu)(hu)門之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)敗也(ye)。悲(bei)夫(fu),可(ke)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)流涕(ti)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)矣(yi)(yi)(yi)。方公(gong)(gong)(gong)經營(ying)十(shi)臺(tai)(tai),累戰(zhan)皆捷。奏上(shang)(shang)(shang),公(gong)(gong)(gong)卿(qing)相(xiang)賀,主上(shang)(shang)(shang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)前席,嘉嘆至(zhi)于(yu)(yu)(yu)再三。然而(er)(er)(er)(er)釁發于(yu)(yu)(yu)定(ding)(ding)海(hai),詐成于(yu)(yu)(yu)天津(jin),夷不(bu)(bu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)無(wu)謀,要之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)豈夷人(ren)(ren)能(neng)死公(gong)(gong)(gong)哉(zai)!詩曰:“誰生厲階(jie),至(zhi)今為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)梗。”厲有(you)階(jie)矣(yi)(yi)(yi)。長(chang)(chang)(chang)慶(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)義士,誠感犬羊,吳(wu)某(mou)奸耳(er),知(zhi)感恩(en)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)一(yi)(yi)日(ri)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)報,異哉(zai)。
該(gai)文滿懷景仰,生動地描繪了鴉片戰(zhan)爭中著名愛(ai)國將領(ling)關天(tian)培(pei)在虎門保(bao)衛(wei)戰(zhan)中的(de)獻身精神。文章描寫重點主(zhu)要在兩方(fang)面:
一是(shi)寫關天培抗敵的忠勇悲壯;
二是揭露投降(jiang)派琦善之流(liu)阻撓抗敵(di),造成必敗結局。
全篇充(chong)滿(man)了悲壯(zhuang)氣氛(fen)。寫(xie)關(guan)天培的忠(zhong)勇,先寫(xie)他在都城(cheng)醉酒時的慷慨明志(zhi),次寫(xie)他在戰前遣(qian)子、寄(ji)匣,說明他早(zao)有為國捐驅(qu)的準備。
寫臨戰犧牲話不多(duo),卻極有神(shen),特(te)別是驅走(zou)仆人(ren)孫長慶的細節描寫,生(sheng)動地表(biao)現了(le)他視死如歸(gui)的悲壯情景,讀來十分(fen)感人(ren)。
該(gai)文用了(le)相(xiang)當多(duo)的筆墨揭露(lu)投降派破壞抗敵的種種罪行,使該(gai)文的意義增加了(le)不少。
魯(lu)一同熟于史(shi)籍,注(zhu)重經世之(zhi)學。考進士不第,用心于文章(zhang)。他(ta)說(shuo):“凡文章(zhang)之(zhi)道,貴于外(wai)閎而中(zhong)實(shi)(shi)。中(zhong)實(shi)(shi)由于積理(li)。理(li)充而緯以(yi)實(shi)(shi)事,則光(guang)彩日(ri)新。文無實(shi)(shi)事,斯為徒作。窮(qiong)工極麗,猶虛車也。”(周(zhou)韶音《通甫詩存跋》)其(qi)文氣勢挺拔,務切(qie)世情,立(li)言(yan)有體(ti),疏暢(chang)明晰,內容廣涉田賦兵戎(rong)、河(he)道變遷、地形險要和中(zhong)外(wai)大勢等,與桐城派的拘守義(yi)法和應酬(chou)世俗(su),有顯著(zhu)不同。
有人請他為(wei)某巨公寫祝壽文(wen)章,他說(shuo):“吾輩文(wen)疏(shu)直樸(pu)野,不(bu)足(zu)說(shuo)勢要。若肆其狂(kuang)愚,為(wei)足(zu)下得罪當涂,何所(suo)用之?”(《淮安府志》引《通甫(fu)類稿(gao)》)
毛(mao)岳生見其文,謂(wei)“七(qi)百年來患于(yu)柔,惟此為能得剛之美”(《清(qing)史館(guan)文學傳(chuan)稿(gao)》引(yin)《通甫(fu)類(lei)稿(gao)》)。錢仲聯稱他(ta)“嗣(si)響杜陵”,李(li)慈銘稱其”閎肆(si)而(er)謹(jin)嚴,演迤而(er)峻峭”。如《胥吏論(lun)》、《復潘四農書》等,皆識議(yi)絕人,切中(zhong)時弊。而(er)《關忠節公家傳(chuan)》,則生動地記敘(xu)了(le)他(ta)的同鄉名(ming)將(jiang)關天(tian)培(pei)在鴉片戰(zhan)爭(zheng)中(zhong)英勇(yong)殉職的事跡。
魯一同少時學(xue)詩(shi)頗勤(qin)。40歲(sui)以后,堅(jian)持修詞(ci)立誠,非有真情實感(gan)勃發不已(yi),不下筆。曾手定詩(shi)稿(gao),僅留十之(zhi)(zhi)二(er)三(san)。其中以古歌行成就(jiu)最高,甚得詩(shi)人(ren)張際亮的賞識。早期的《荒(huang)年謠》五首(shou),描寫道光年間的嚴重災荒(huang)和民不聊(liao)生(sheng)。“事(shi)皆(jie)征實,言通里(li)俗”,令人(ren)有觸目(mu)驚心之(zhi)(zhi)感(gan)。著有《通甫類(lei)稿(gao)》6卷(juan),《通甫詩(shi)存》6卷(juan)、《邳州志》、《清河縣志》》、《白耷山人(ren)年譜(pu)》、《王右軍年譜(pu)》等十數種。
魯一同不僅(jin)詩(shi)文(wen)有聲于江淮,而且善繪(hui)事,亦為(wei)邑人(ren)所稱(cheng)道。不過,他(ta)的畫(hua)名終被詩(shi)文(wen)所掩(yan),至(zhi)今已鮮為(wei)人(ren)知。在(zai)魯一同繪(hui)畫(hua)諸作中(zhong),又以梅花為(wei)最。據《清畫(hua)家詩(shi)史》記載:魯一同“工詩(shi)畫(hua),寫(xie)梅頗佳”。
他(ta)的“梅花(hua)”作(zuo)品(pin)不少,其友人孔宥函聲稱(cheng)他(ta)“寫(xie)梅千百本(ben)”,幾乎“年(nian)年(nian)有作(zuo)”。魯一同畫梅,運思立意多(duo)取梅花(hua)熬霜耐寒(han)的自然(ran)特(te)性(xing),以寄(ji)托他(ta)高(gao)潔(jie)的情(qing)操(cao)和品(pin)格。