新洲(zhou)龍王白(bai)蓮新鮮籽蓮殼(ke)色(se)(se)淡綠,粒形卵(luan)圓,清香、味甜、質脆;干蓮米色(se)(se)白(bai)粒圓、易(yi)燉煮(zhu)不糊、口(kou)感粉糯、湯色(se)(se)玉瑩。
新(xin)洲龍(long)王白蓮(lian)產于漲(zhang)渡湖(hu)周邊雙柳(liu)街的(de)濱湖(hu)、齊(qi)頭(tou)咀(ju)(ju)、西灘湖(hu)、蓮(lian)湖(hu)、家湖(hu)、原種場(chang)、大白湖(hu)、黃泥洲、大屋基(ji)、鎮北等10村(cun)(cun)和(he)龍(long)王咀(ju)(ju)農場(chang);漲(zhang)渡湖(hu)街的(de)沙湖(hu)、扁擔(dan)列、沐(mu)家涇(jing)、青泥湖(hu)、創(chuang)新(xin)堤、落兒灣、楊柳(liu)灣等7個村(cun)(cun);汪集(ji)街的(de)馮鋪、安仁、復興、咀(ju)(ju)阜村(cun)(cun)等4村(cun)(cun);陽邏(luo)街的(de)蘆山(shan)、和(he)平、七湖(hu)、朱店、南(nan)山(shan)、陳咀(ju)(ju)、胡咀(ju)(ju)、向陽、月明(ming)等9個村(cun)(cun),共30個村(cun)(cun)和(he)1個農場(chang)。地域范圍為(wei)東經114°36′51″~114°50′22″,北緯30°35′42″~30°45′18″。地域總面(mian)積1萬公頃,新(xin)洲龍(long)王白蓮(lian)保護區面(mian)積1333.3公頃,年產量67.5萬千(qian)克。
(1)外在感(gan)官(guan)特征 新(xin)洲龍王白蓮(lian)新(xin)鮮籽(zi)蓮(lian)殼(ke)色淡綠,粒形卵(luan)圓(yuan),清香、味甜、質脆;干蓮(lian)米(mi)色白粒圓(yuan)、易(yi)燉煮(zhu)不糊、口(kou)感(gan)粉糯、湯色玉瑩。
(2)內在品質指標 新(xin)洲龍王白蓮(lian)(lian)營養豐(feng)富,向有“蓮(lian)(lian)參”之譽。其(qi)蛋白質≥17.5g/100g;脂肪≤1.50g/100g;淀粉≥48.0g/100g。
(3)質量安全(quan)規定 新洲龍(long)王白蓮產(chan)地環境(jing)必需(xu)符合(he)食用農產(chan)品(pin)產(chan)地環境(jing)質量評價標準HJ/T332的(de)規定,農業投入品(pin)使用必需(xu)符合(he)食品(pin)衛生(sheng)通用標準GB2762,產(chan)品(pin)質量必需(xu)符合(he)GB2763的(de)要求。
新(xin)洲(zhou)區(qu)(qu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)資源豐沛,境內水(shui)(shui)(shui)網如織,湖(hu)(hu)泊、水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫星羅棋布,舉水(shui)(shui)(shui)、倒水(shui)(shui)(shui)、沙河三條河流縱貫全區(qu)(qu),長江(jiang)繞境而(er)過(guo)。位于(yu)新(xin)洲(zhou)區(qu)(qu)南部的(de)(de)長江(jiang)中游濕地(di)自(zi)然保護區(qu)(qu)——漲渡湖(hu)(hu)主(zhu)湖(hu)(hu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)面(mian)7.8萬(wan)畝,子湖(hu)(hu)(七湖(hu)(hu)、陶家大(da)(da)湖(hu)(hu)、安仁湖(hu)(hu)等)17個、水(shui)(shui)(shui)面(mian)5.1萬(wan)畝,湖(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)總(zong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)面(mian)13萬(wan)畝。 發(fa)源于(yu)大(da)(da)別(bie)山脈的(de)(de)倒水(shui)(shui)(shui)、舉水(shui)(shui)(shui),在流經新(xin)洲(zhou)全境后(hou),挾(xie)漲渡湖(hu)(hu)而(er)注入長江(jiang)。漲渡湖(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)襟江(jiang)帶(dai)河,水(shui)(shui)(shui)域(yu)遼闊(kuo),土地(di)廣袤而(er)肥沃,自(zi)然而(er)然成(cheng)為(wei)魚米(mi)之(zhi)鄉和(he)濕地(di)自(zi)然保護區(qu)(qu)。 漲渡湖(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)質潔凈,泥壤松(song)軟,富含(han)有機質,地(di)溫(wen)波(bo)動小且(qie)長年(nian)偏低(di),致使新(xin)洲(zhou)龍王(wang)(wang)白蓮(lian)(lian)較其它地(di)區(qu)(qu)的(de)(de)白蓮(lian)(lian)成(cheng)熟(shu)期延長15-20天。得天獨(du)厚的(de)(de)自(zi)然環境,造就了新(xin)洲(zhou)龍王(wang)(wang)白蓮(lian)(lian)的(de)(de)獨(du)特品質特征。
為了(le)保持(chi)新洲龍王(wang)白蓮的獨特品質,確(que)保其質量安全,制(zhi)定如下控制(zhi)措施:
1、產地要求(qiu):在水質(zhi)潔(jie)凈、有機(ji)質(zhi)豐(feng)富(fu)、地勢低凹的漲渡湖地區(qu)種植,且產地環(huan)境符合HJ/T322的規定。最好選用放養2-3年(nian)淡(dan)水魚(yu)(yu)的標準魚(yu)(yu)池(chi)作為(wei)蓮(lian)田(tian)。種白蓮(lian)3年(nian)后改養淡(dan)水魚(yu)(yu),既可減輕白蓮(lian)病(bing)害,又可利用魚(yu)(yu)池(chi)淤泥肥效。
2、品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)范圍:從二十(shi)世紀五十(shi)年(nian)代末開始,新洲蓮(lian)農引(yin)進(jin)(jin)福(fu)建蓮(lian)苗(miao)在本地試(shi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)成功后大面積推(tui)廣,八十(shi)年(nian)代引(yin)進(jin)(jin)湘蓮(lian),九(jiu)十(shi)年(nian)代又引(yin)進(jin)(jin)太空蓮(lian),新洲龍(long)王白蓮(lian)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)以建蓮(lian)為(wei)主。其次對(dui)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)藕的(de)選(xuan)擇:要求(qiu)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)純(chun)正、上年(nian)單產高(gao)、未發生病害的(de)留(liu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)田里(li)的(de)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)藕。做到邊挖(wa)邊選(xuan),以具(ju)有(you)本品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)特性(xing)、色澤新鮮(xian)、節(jie)(jie)間短、無病斑、無損傷、頂芽完(wan)整,具(ju)有(you)二節(jie)(jie)以上的(de)主藕和二節(jie)(jie)以上子藕作種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。
3、生(sheng)(sheng)產控制 ①施(shi)足基肥(fei)(fei)(fei)。3月下旬(xun)至(zhi)4月上(shang)(shang)(shang)旬(xun),每(mei)畝蓮(lian)田(tian)(tian)均勻(yun)潑施(shi)充分(fen)腐熟的畜禽糞便500-1000公(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)左(zuo)右,留3-6cm的水(shui)(shui)待(dai)植(zhi)。 ②適(shi)(shi)(shi)時(shi)(shi)移(yi)栽(zai)(zai)。氣(qi)溫穩定(ding)通(tong)過12℃,一(yi)般在(zai)4月上(shang)(shang)(shang)中(zhong)(zhong)旬(xun)移(yi)栽(zai)(zai)為(wei)(wei)宜(yi)(yi)(yi)。種植(zhi)密度一(yi)般以(yi)每(mei)畝種植(zhi)180-200株藕(ou)種為(wei)(wei)宜(yi)(yi)(yi),株行距(ju)1.7-2米(mi)(mi)。早栽(zai)(zai)宜(yi)(yi)(yi)稀,遲栽(zai)(zai)宜(yi)(yi)(yi)密;高(gao)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)宜(yi)(yi)(yi)稀、中(zhong)(zhong)低肥(fei)(fei)(fei)宜(yi)(yi)(yi)密。尾梢往(wang)上(shang)(shang)(shang),藕(ou)頭埋(mai)入(ru)泥(ni)(ni)中(zhong)(zhong)10-13厘(li)(li)(li)米(mi)(mi)。 ③中(zhong)(zhong)耕(geng)除(chu)(chu)草。采用(yong)人工(gong)拔除(chu)(chu)或(huo)翻(fan)埋(mai)的方(fang)法及時(shi)(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)耕(geng)除(chu)(chu)草,絕不用(yong)除(chu)(chu)草劑(ji)除(chu)(chu)草。當蓮(lian)主莖抽出第(di)一(yi)立葉(xie)(xie)時(shi)(shi)開始(shi)耘(yun)(yun)田(tian)(tian)除(chu)(chu)草,之(zhi)后(hou)每(mei)隔(ge)10-15天耘(yun)(yun)田(tian)(tian)一(yi)次,到(dao)(dao)荷葉(xie)(xie)封田(tian)(tian)為(wei)(wei)止。耘(yun)(yun)田(tian)(tian)前先行排水(shui)(shui),只保持泥(ni)(ni)皮水(shui)(shui),耘(yun)(yun)田(tian)(tian)時(shi)(shi)將雜(za)草拔盡并(bing)埋(mai)入(ru)泥(ni)(ni)中(zhong)(zhong),達到(dao)(dao)泥(ni)(ni)爛、面平、無(wu)雜(za)草的要求。除(chu)(chu)草結合(he)(he)施(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)同(tong)時(shi)(shi)進行,可使肥(fei)(fei)(fei)料深(shen)(shen)埋(mai),提高(gao)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)效。 ④水(shui)(shui)分(fen)管(guan)理。淺(qian)水(shui)(shui)勤灌,栽(zai)(zai)植(zhi)團內保持4-5厘(li)(li)(li)米(mi)(mi)的水(shui)(shui)層,遇寒潮天氣(qi)適(shi)(shi)(shi)當加深(shen)(shen)水(shui)(shui)層保溫。花(hua)蓬期氣(qi)溫較(jiao)高(gao),水(shui)(shui)層應加深(shen)(shen)至(zhi)15-20厘(li)(li)(li)米(mi)(mi),注意要逐漸加深(shen)(shen)。 ⑤科學(xue)施(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)。蓮(lian)子生(sheng)(sheng)育期長,耗肥(fei)(fei)(fei)量大,掌(zhang)握(wo)“苗(miao)(miao)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)輕、花(hua)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)重(zhong)、子肥(fei)(fei)(fei)全(quan)”原(yuan)則,分(fen)期多次施(shi)用(yong)。第(di)一(yi)葉(xie)(xie)抽生(sheng)(sheng)后(hou)(成(cheng)苗(miao)(miao)期)結合(he)(he)第(di)一(yi)次耘(yun)(yun)田(tian)(tian)追施(shi)苗(miao)(miao)肥(fei)(fei)(fei),畝用(yong)尿素5公(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)、氯化鉀(jia)2.5公(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin),點施(shi)在(zai)蓮(lian)苗(miao)(miao)周圍,施(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)后(hou)即行耘(yun)(yun)田(tian)(tian);始(shi)花(hua)期重(zhong)施(shi)花(hua)肥(fei)(fei)(fei),于第(di)一(yi)花(hua)蕾(lei)出現時(shi)(shi)施(shi)用(yong),畝施(shi)尿素7.5公(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)加氯化鉀(jia)4公(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin),全(quan)田(tian)(tian)均勻(yun)撒施(shi),不能將肥(fei)(fei)(fei)料撒到(dao)(dao)荷葉(xie)(xie)或(huo)花(hua)上(shang)(shang)(shang),田(tian)(tian)間(jian)保留3-5厘(li)(li)(li)米(mi)(mi)水(shui)(shui)層;結蓬初(chu)期施(shi)壯子肥(fei)(fei)(fei),畝施(shi)尿素5公(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin),氯化鉀(jia)2.5公(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)、硼砂0.5公(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin),施(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)方(fang)法同(tong)上(shang)(shang)(shang)。之(zhi)后(hou)每(mei)過10-15天施(shi)一(yi)次追肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(每(mei)次肥(fei)(fei)(fei)料用(yong)量遞減10%),視田(tian)(tian)間(jian)荷苗(miao)(miao)長勢,全(quan)程(cheng)不超過6次。 ⑥綜合(he)(he)防治(zhi)。農(nong)業防治(zhi):科學(xue)管(guan)水(shui)(shui),即淺(qian)水(shui)(shui)(5cm)長苗(miao)(miao)、深(shen)(shen)水(shui)(shui)(20cm)開花(hua)結實,通(tong)過健身栽(zai)(zai)培提高(gao)蓮(lian)苗(miao)(miao)的抗逆性(xing);物(wu)理防治(zhi):頻振式(shi)殺蟲燈誘殺斜紋夜(ye)盜蛾成(cheng)蟲,黃(huang)板誘殺蚜蟲;生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)防治(zhi):性(xing)引誘劑(ji)誘殺斜紋夜(ye)盜蛾成(cheng)蟲,人工(gong)摘(zhai)除(chu)(chu)荷葉(xie)(xie)上(shang)(shang)(shang)的斜紋夜(ye)盜蛾卵塊并(bing)踩入(ru)泥(ni)(ni)中(zhong)(zhong);化學(xue)防治(zhi):腐敗病是(shi)蓮(lian)藕(ou)的主要病害,關鍵是(shi)做好蓮(lian)田(tian)(tian)和藕(ou)種消毒。發病初(chu)期,全(quan)田(tian)(tian)撒施(shi)生(sheng)(sheng)石灰50—60公(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)。 ⑦適(shi)(shi)(shi)時(shi)(shi)采收(shou)。采收(shou)工(gong)作分(fen)批進行,當蓮(lian)蓬是(shi)紫褐色或(huo)黃(huang)褐色時(shi)(shi)及時(shi)(shi)采收(shou),以(yi)便去殼(ke)、去芯。