太(tai)和黃桃果形渾圓,皮薄、金(jin)黃色(se)(se)帶點(dian)狀紅(hong)色(se)(se),肉厚、金(jin)黃色(se)(se),近核部(bu)分呈玫紅(hong)色(se)(se),粘核,甜脆可口(kou),果香濃(nong)郁。
太(tai)和黃桃地(di)(di)域保護范圍包括重慶市合川區(qu)太(tai)和鎮(zhen)的太(tai)和村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、石嶺村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、富金(jin)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、沙金(jin)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、曬經(jing)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、白馬村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、樓房村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、石墻(qiang)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、把傘村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、白陽村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、復興(xing)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、石埡村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、亭(ting)子村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、唐(tang)家村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、報恩(en)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、木蓮村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、仙(xian)橋(qiao)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、望仙(xian)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、小河(he)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、菱角(jiao)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、米市村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun);渭(wei)沱鎮(zhen)的半坡(po)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、油(you)橋(qiao)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun);大石街道斗笠村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、大覺(jue)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun);隆興(xing)鎮(zhen)的三青村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、馬鞍(an)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)等27個村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)。東(dong)至大石街道大覺(jue)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、斗笠村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)一(yi)帶(dai),西至太(tai)和鎮(zhen)米市村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)一(yi)帶(dai),北(bei)至隆興(xing)鎮(zhen)三青村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、馬鞍(an)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)一(yi)帶(dai),南至渭(wei)沱鎮(zhen)半坡(po)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、油(you)橋(qiao)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)一(yi)帶(dai)。地(di)(di)理坐標為東(dong)經(jing)106°00′42″~106°11′11″,北(bei)緯30°03′14″~30°12′13″。保護規模(mo)8000公頃,年產量(liang)30萬噸。
4.1感官特性 太(tai)和黃桃果(guo)形渾圓,皮薄、金黃色(se)(se)(se)帶點(dian)狀(zhuang)紅色(se)(se)(se),肉厚、金黃色(se)(se)(se),近核(he)部分呈玫(mei)紅色(se)(se)(se),粘核(he),甜(tian)脆可口,果(guo)香濃郁。
4.2品質(zhi)指標 太和黃桃可(ke)溶性糖含量≥7.0%,可(ke)滴定酸≤0.2%,可(ke)溶性固形物≥16%,維(wei)生素(su)C≥10.0mg/100g,胡蘿卜素(su)≥0.9mg/kg。
4.3安(an)全要求 太和黃桃產品質量符合(he)NY/T 586的規(gui)定,農藥(yao)安(an)全使用標準符合(he)GB 4285的規(gui)定。
2.1地(di)形地(di)貌 太(tai)和黃(huang)桃產區(qu)位于(yu)川中褶(zhe)皺帶龍女寺半(ban)環狀構(gou)造區(qu),屬于(yu)淺丘陵地(di)貌,地(di)勢北高南低(di),海拔高度在216.3米(mi)至346.7米(mi)之間。
2.2氣候條件 太和黃桃產(chan)區局部小(xiao)氣候區特征明顯(xian),相較(jiao)同類地(di)區,光照(zhao)更(geng)充足、降(jiang)雨更(geng)少,晝夜溫(wen)差更(geng)大,植物(wu)光合(he)作用(yong)更(geng)強烈(lie),年(nian)均(jun)(jun)(jun)日照(zhao)1256.5小(xiao)時,年(nian)均(jun)(jun)(jun)降(jiang)水量1005.7mm,無霜期320-340天(tian),平均(jun)(jun)(jun)相對(dui)濕度70%。氣候屬亞熱帶溫(wen)潤氣候區,冬暖夏熱,春早(zao)秋短,無霜期長,年(nian)均(jun)(jun)(jun)氣溫(wen)18.0℃,最(zui)高年(nian)均(jun)(jun)(jun)溫(wen)度18.3℃,絕對(dui)最(zui)高溫(wen)41℃,極端最(zui)低溫(wen)-1.8℃,年(nian)均(jun)(jun)(jun)積溫(wen)6529.9℃,≥10℃的平均(jun)(jun)(jun)積溫(wen)5729℃。
2.3水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)文條件 境內水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)源豐(feng)富(fu),來自涪江上游的高山(shan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)與當地(di)地(di)下水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)、山(shan)泉水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui),富(fu)含多種人體所需礦物質(zhi),水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)極為優(you)良(liang)。
2.4土(tu)(tu)壤土(tu)(tu)質 土(tu)(tu)壤以遂寧母土(tu)(tu)質為主,土(tu)(tu)質疏松(song)肥沃,腐熟度高、透水透氣性好(hao),富含大量(liang)有機質和鋅、鐵等微量(liang)元(yuan)素,是黃桃最(zui)喜愛(ai)的生(sheng)長環境。
3.1產地(di)(di)選擇(ze) 選擇(ze)土質疏松、肥沃、略帶酸性或者中性、透氣透水性能良好、地(di)(di)下水位不超過(guo)1米(mi)、排灌方便、交(jiao)通便利的緩坡地(di)(di)建(jian)園。園內具有良好生態(tai)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)、空氣清新(xin),不受(shou)工業污染,產地(di)(di)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)符合《綠色(se)食品 產地(di)(di)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)技術條(tiao)件》NY/T 391標準。
3.2品種(zhong)選擇 選擇“北京21黃(huang)(huang)桃”、“北京23黃(huang)(huang)桃”等(deng)優良黃(huang)(huang)桃品種(zhong),具有生長周期(qi)長、成熟期(qi)晚(7月中(zhong)下旬(xun)至8月上旬(xun)),個(ge)大色艷(yan),口感(gan)脆(cui)甜、香氣濃(nong)郁(yu)持(chi)久(jiu),抗逆性(xing)強,豐產性(xing)好(hao)等(deng)特點(dian)。
3.3生產管理
3.3.1育苗 選(xuan)種,砧(zhen)木種子以240-300粒/千克標準的晚熟或者極晚熟的毛桃為砧(zhen)木種子最(zui)佳。點播,以沙藏(zang)層積法(fa)貯藏(zang)打破砧(zhen)木種子休眠,采取寬窄行用條狀單核點播法(fa)進(jin)行播種。
3.3.2嫁接 選擇單株樹冠(guan)外圍(wei)剪取生產充實,無病蟲害的長果枝(zhi)作為接穗。選用(yong)1年生小砧木,在離(li)地(di)5-8厘(li)米處切T字型,將現取的芽片插入,用(yong)專用(yong)1-1.2厘(li)米接膜包好(一橫一點嫁接法)。
3.3.3定(ding)(ding)(ding)植(zhi)(zhi) 秋、冬季種植(zhi)(zhi),或者(zhe)自(zi)落葉(xie)至春季萌芽前(qian)都(dou)可栽植(zhi)(zhi);定(ding)(ding)(ding)形(xing)(xing)方(fang)式采用正方(fang)形(xing)(xing)定(ding)(ding)(ding)植(zhi)(zhi)和長方(fang)形(xing)(xing)定(ding)(ding)(ding)植(zhi)(zhi);定(ding)(ding)(ding)植(zhi)(zhi)穴內(nei)先填20厘(li)(li)米表土,施20千克腐熟有(you)機肥、過磷酸(suan)鈣0.5千克,最上(shang)層10厘(li)(li)米-20厘(li)(li)米填入熟土;定(ding)(ding)(ding)植(zhi)(zhi)時挖30厘(li)(li)米深坑,將桃苗放入定(ding)(ding)(ding)植(zhi)(zhi)穴,培填少量土后,稍(shao)上(shang)提,確保根系伸展與土壤(rang)貼實,后澆水,待(dai)水滲透(tou)后,將定(ding)(ding)(ding)植(zhi)(zhi)穴壘(lei)成(cheng)龜背狀,每株覆蓋1平(ping)米的地膜。
3.3.4土(tu)壤管理 深耕翻土(tu):在桃(tao)果采摘后至落葉前,結(jie)合施肥和灌水進行,每(mei)年向外擴穴,并(bing)深挖(wa)40厘(li)米-50厘(li)米的環形溝。中(zhong)耕除草:在黃桃(tao)的整(zheng)個生(sheng)產期,應進行中(zhong)耕除草,早春中(zhong)耕應在桃(tao)芽萌(meng)動前。地(di)膜(mo)覆蓋:在桃(tao)樹的樹冠下或者(zhe)株(zhu)間覆蓋秸稈(gan)、雜草或者(zhe)地(di)膜(mo)。
3.3.5施(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)管理(li) 因樹(shu)施(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei):對土壤肥(fei)(fei)力較好(hao)的(de)(de)2-3年幼樹(shu),主施(shi)(shi)基肥(fei)(fei),不施(shi)(shi)或少施(shi)(shi)氮(dan)(dan)肥(fei)(fei);成年果樹(shu)以品種和產(chan)量為依據施(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei),對直立的(de)(de)品種,應施(shi)(shi)少量氮(dan)(dan)肥(fei)(fei);年老果樹(shu)應當增施(shi)(shi)氮(dan)(dan)肥(fei)(fei),以恢復樹(shu)勢。因時(shi)施(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei):一般結果期的(de)(de)桃樹(shu)每(mei)年施(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)3次,即基肥(fei)(fei)、追(zhui)肥(fei)(fei)、補肥(fei)(fei)。
3.3.6花(hua)果(guo)管理(li) 防凍(dong):為防止早春低溫影響黃桃開(kai)花(hua),在(zai)花(hua)蕾期,以薄膜保護果(guo)枝條,防止凍(dong)壞(huai)花(hua)蕾。提高結果(guo)率(lv):在(zai)花(hua)期,可施用(yong)硼砂溶液加(jia)生(sheng)長素(su),謝果(guo)后噴施生(sheng)長素(su)。防落果(guo):在(zai)成果(guo)期,除加(jia)強病(bing)蟲(chong)害防治外、要注意輕(qing)剪(jian)修枝,增施補肥。
3.3.7病蟲(chong)害防(fang)治(zhi)(zhi) 針對(dui)黃桃病蟲(chong)害,在防(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)方法上,以農(nong)(nong)業防(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)為基礎,優(you)先選用生(sheng)物(wu)、物(wu)理、生(sheng)態防(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)等非化學防(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)手(shou)段(duan),最大限度地(di)減少農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)使用量,控制農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)殘(can)留(liu)。化學防(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)上采用生(sheng)物(wu)農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)為主,選擇高效(xiao)低毒低殘(can)留(liu)的(de)復配農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)。農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)使用應遵循《綠(lv)色食品 農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)施用準則(ze)》(NY/T393)標準要求(qiu)。
3.4產(chan)品(pin)(pin)收(shou)獲(huo)及產(chan)后處(chu)理(li)規定 及時(shi)(shi)采(cai)收(shou):采(cai)收(shou)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)為7月中下旬至8月上旬不(bu)(bu)宜(yi)(yi)過(guo)早或(huo)者過(guo)晚(wan),要(yao)做到及時(shi)(shi)采(cai)收(shou),保證(zheng)最佳(jia)果質。采(cai)收(shou)方(fang)式:采(cai)收(shou)采(cai)用兩剪法(fa),講究精細(xi)采(cai)果,輕拿輕放(fang),防止機械損傷。貯(zhu)存方(fang)法(fa):按銷售要(yao)求(qiu)進行商品(pin)(pin)化處(chu)理(li),分級、統一包(bao)裝,不(bu)(bu)允許有害物質對果品(pin)(pin)污染,需暫存時(shi)(shi)宜(yi)(yi)選(xuan)擇(ze)陰涼(liang)、干燥、通風處(chu)。
3.5生(sheng)(sheng)產記(ji)錄要求 太和(he)(he)黃桃(tao)的生(sheng)(sheng)產全過程都嚴格建立生(sheng)(sheng)產檔案,記(ji)錄病(bing)蟲害(hai)發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)情(qing)況、生(sheng)(sheng)產技術措施和(he)(he)投(tou)入品使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)情(qing)況,特(te)別是化肥、農藥的名稱、來(lai)源(yuan)、使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)目(mu)的、用(yong)(yong)(yong)法、用(yong)(yong)(yong)量和(he)(he)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)、停用(yong)(yong)(yong)的日(ri)期,果實生(sheng)(sheng)育期及(ji)收(shou)獲日(ri)期,質量檢測(ce)情(qing)況,銷售情(qing)況等,并妥善保(bao)存,以備查閱。