芒果视频下载

基本介紹

泛指“北(bei)大(da)(da)荒”地(di)域內所(suo)種植收獲的(de)(de)大(da)(da)米，比東(dong)北(bei)大(da)(da)米更加具有(you)地(di)域局限性，同(tong)屬“東(dong)北(bei)大(da)(da)米”。生(sheng)長(chang)周(zhou)期在(zai)180天左右，為其提供了得天獨(du)厚的(de)(de)自然條件，陽光雨露充(chong)足，又種植在(zai)極肥沃的(de)(de)黑土壤中(zhong)，富(fu)含豐富(fu)氮、磷(lin)、鉀(jia)等多種礦物(wu)元素，極其符合稻米生(sheng)長(chang)的(de)(de)要求，以純(chun)凈無污染的(de)(de)河水或井水灌(guan)溉(gai)，獨(du)特地(di)域優(you)勢，保證了大(da)(da)米獨(du)有(you)的(de)(de)品質。

品質特點

顆粒(li)飽滿，質(zhi)地堅硬(ying)，色澤清白透明。

飯(fan)粒油(you)亮，香味濃郁。

蒸煮后(hou)出飯率高，粘(zhan)性較(jiao)小(xiao)，米(mi)質較(jiao)脆。

有豐(feng)富的蛋(dan)白質、脂肪(fang)、維生(sheng)素、礦物質等(deng)營養物質。

橫斷面呈扁(bian)圓形，顏色白色透明(ming)(ming)的(de)較多，也(ye)有半透明(ming)(ming)和不透明(ming)(ming)的(de)。

生長環境

北(bei)大(da)荒的(de)水稻耕種面(mian)積達2400萬(wan)畝，約占(zhan)全黑(hei)(hei)龍江省播種面(mian)積的(de)50%。其黑(hei)(hei)土有機(ji)質含量大(da)約是黃土的(de)十倍，人們總用“一(yi)兩土二兩油”來(lai)形容它的(de)肥(fei)沃與珍(zhen)貴。有地質專家指出，每形成(cheng)一(yi)公分厚(hou)黑(hei)(hei)土需時200～400年，而北(bei)大(da)荒的(de)黑(hei)(hei)土厚(hou)度(du)則達到了1米。黑(hei)(hei)土的(de)pH值為(wei)5.0～6.0，土壤有機(ji)質含量較(jiao)高，蓄水保水能力較(jiao)好，是北(bei)大(da)荒成(cheng)為(wei)世界上緯度(du)最高的(de)寒地水稻種植帶的(de)重要原因(yin)。

歷史起源

從第一(yi)批國(guo)營農(nong)場創(chuang)(chuang)建到(dao)1978年底，北(bei)大(da)荒的(de)一(yi)次創(chuang)(chuang)業經歷(li)了(le)三個階(jie)段(duan)：艱苦創(chuang)(chuang)業階(jie)段(duan)、快速發(fa)展階(jie)段(duan)和(he)曲折前(qian)進階(jie)段(duan)。在計劃經濟體制下，北(bei)大(da)荒人高舉“向(xiang)地球開(kai)(kai)戰，向(xiang)荒原要糧(liang)”的(de)旗幟，以大(da)規模開(kai)(kai)發(fa)建設為重點(dian)，以向(xiang)國(guo)家(jia)提供商品糧(liang)為目的(de)，開(kai)(kai)始了(le)前(qian)無古人的(de)偉大(da)創(chuang)(chuang)業實踐，實現了(le)從北(bei)大(da)荒到(dao)北(bei)大(da)倉的(de)歷(li)史(shi)巨(ju)變，創(chuang)(chuang)造(zao)了(le)中國(guo)乃(nai)至世(shi)界墾(ken)殖史(shi)上的(de)偉大(da)奇跡，推動了(le)我(wo)國(guo)農(nong)墾(ken)事業和(he)國(guo)民經濟的(de)空前(qian)發(fa)展。

艱苦創業階段

這是(shi)北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)大(da)(da)(da)荒(huang)(huang)農(nong)(nong)墾(ken)(ken)事(shi)(shi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)由(you)(you)開(kai)始(shi)創(chuang)(chuang)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)到(dao)(dao)初具規(gui)模的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)10年(nian)。特別(bie)(bie)是(shi)新中國(guo)(guo)成(cheng)立(li)(li)后(hou)(hou)，掀起(qi)了(le)(le)一(yi)(yi)場(chang)波(bo)瀾壯闊的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)拓荒(huang)(huang)大(da)(da)(da)潮，北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)大(da)(da)(da)荒(huang)(huang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)開(kai)發(fa)(fa)(fa)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設進入了(le)(le)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)新的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)階段(duan)。這個(ge)(ge)階段(duan)發(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)了(le)(le)六件具有(you)重(zhong)要(yao)影(ying)響(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)(da)(da)事(shi)(shi)：一(yi)(yi)是(shi)黨(dang)(dang)中央(yang)發(fa)(fa)(fa)出“建(jian)(jian)(jian)立(li)(li)鞏固的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)東(dong)北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)根據(ju)地(di)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)要(yao)指示，開(kai)墾(ken)(ken)處女地(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)先鋒們創(chuang)(chuang)建(jian)(jian)(jian)了(le)(le)寧(ning)安、通(tong)北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)和趙(zhao)光(guang)等(deng)第一(yi)(yi)批國(guo)(guo)營機(ji)(ji)械(xie)化農(nong)(nong)場(chang)，為(wei)(wei)我(wo)國(guo)(guo)特別(bie)(bie)是(shi)北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)大(da)(da)(da)荒(huang)(huang)農(nong)(nong)墾(ken)(ken)事(shi)(shi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)闖出了(le)(le)一(yi)(yi)條路子。二是(shi)在(zai)(zai)中央(yang)軍(jun)委和中央(yang)東(dong)北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)局的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)關(guan)懷下，革命殘廢軍(jun)人(ren)(ren)(ren)以驚人(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)毅力創(chuang)(chuang)建(jian)(jian)(jian)了(le)(le)伊拉哈(ha)、伏爾基(ji)(ji)河等(deng)一(yi)(yi)批榮軍(jun)農(nong)(nong)場(chang)，有(you)力地(di)推動了(le)(le)北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)大(da)(da)(da)荒(huang)(huang)農(nong)(nong)墾(ken)(ken)事(shi)(shi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)。三是(shi)以安置被解(jie)放的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)國(guo)(guo)民(min)黨(dang)(dang)軍(jun)官勞(lao)動就(jiu)(jiu)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)為(wei)(wei)目的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，在(zai)(zai)東(dong)北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)地(di)區(qu)創(chuang)(chuang)建(jian)(jian)(jian)了(le)(le)寶泉嶺、二龍山(shan)和筆架山(shan)等(deng)一(yi)(yi)批解(jie)放團(tuan)農(nong)(nong)場(chang)，為(wei)(wei)后(hou)(hou)來發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)成(cheng)為(wei)(wei)具有(you)一(yi)(yi)定(ding)(ding)(ding)規(gui)模的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)機(ji)(ji)械(xie)化農(nong)(nong)場(chang)奠定(ding)(ding)(ding)了(le)(le)基(ji)(ji)礎(chu)。四是(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)民(min)解(jie)放軍(jun)農(nong)(nong)建(jian)(jian)(jian)二師(shi)成(cheng)建(jian)(jian)(jian)制移(yi)墾(ken)(ken)北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)大(da)(da)(da)荒(huang)(huang)，以團(tuan)為(wei)(wei)單位創(chuang)(chuang)建(jian)(jian)(jian)了(le)(le)二九(jiu)○、二九(jiu)一(yi)(yi)等(deng)一(yi)(yi)批農(nong)(nong)建(jian)(jian)(jian)二師(shi)農(nong)(nong)場(chang)并(bing)就(jiu)(jiu)地(di)集(ji)體(ti)(ti)轉業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，開(kai)創(chuang)(chuang)了(le)(le)世界軍(jun)墾(ken)(ken)史上(shang)調動整建(jian)(jian)(jian)制軍(jun)隊進行屯墾(ken)(ken)戌邊的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)先河。五是(shi)按照國(guo)(guo)務院關(guan)于建(jian)(jian)(jian)立(li)(li)國(guo)(guo)營友誼(yi)農(nong)(nong)場(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)決(jue)定(ding)(ding)(ding)，利(li)用(yong)蘇聯人(ren)(ren)(ren)民(min)援助的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)機(ji)(ji)械(xie)設備，創(chuang)(chuang)建(jian)(jian)(jian)了(le)(le)我(wo)國(guo)(guo)第一(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)用(yong)先進農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)機(ji)(ji)械(xie)裝備起(qi)來的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)國(guo)(guo)營農(nong)(nong)場(chang)，對我(wo)國(guo)(guo)特別(bie)(bie)是(shi)北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)大(da)(da)(da)荒(huang)(huang)農(nong)(nong)墾(ken)(ken)事(shi)(shi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)產(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)了(le)(le)重(zhong)大(da)(da)(da)影(ying)響(xiang)。六是(shi)在(zai)(zai)時任鐵(tie)道(dao)兵(bing)司(si)令員的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)王震將軍(jun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)倡(chang)導下，鐵(tie)道(dao)兵(bing)9個(ge)(ge)師(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)復轉官兵(bing)開(kai)赴北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)大(da)(da)(da)荒(huang)(huang)，創(chuang)(chuang)建(jian)(jian)(jian)了(le)(le)八五○、八五二等(deng)一(yi)(yi)批綜合性(xing)半機(ji)(ji)械(xie)化的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)鐵(tie)道(dao)兵(bing)農(nong)(nong)場(chang)并(bing)成(cheng)立(li)(li)了(le)(le)鐵(tie)道(dao)兵(bing)農(nong)(nong)墾(ken)(ken)局，為(wei)(wei)北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)大(da)(da)(da)荒(huang)(huang)東(dong)部地(di)區(qu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)開(kai)發(fa)(fa)(fa)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設奠定(ding)(ding)(ding)了(le)(le)重(zhong)要(yao)基(ji)(ji)礎(chu)。在(zai)(zai)北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)大(da)(da)(da)荒(huang)(huang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)開(kai)發(fa)(fa)(fa)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設中，青年(nian)是(shi)一(yi)(yi)支重(zhong)要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)力軍(jun)。在(zai)(zai)這一(yi)(yi)階段(duan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)后(hou)(hou)期，楊(yang)華等(deng)一(yi)(yi)批北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)京(jing)青年(nian)，響(xiang)應(ying)黨(dang)(dang)中央(yang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)號(hao)召奔(ben)赴北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)大(da)(da)(da)荒(huang)(huang)，揭開(kai)了(le)(le)全國(guo)(guo)支邊青年(nian)志愿墾(ken)(ken)荒(huang)(huang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)序幕。在(zai)(zai)短(duan)短(duan)兩個(ge)(ge)多(duo)月的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時間里，全國(guo)(guo)19個(ge)(ge)省(sheng)、16個(ge)(ge)大(da)(da)(da)中城市、2000多(duo)名(ming)青年(nian)先后(hou)(hou)來到(dao)(dao)北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)大(da)(da)(da)荒(huang)(huang)，創(chuang)(chuang)建(jian)(jian)(jian)了(le)(le)北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)京(jing)莊、天津莊、河北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)莊、哈(ha)爾濱(bin)莊等(deng)青年(nian)集(ji)體(ti)(ti)農(nong)(nong)莊，為(wei)(wei)北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)大(da)(da)(da)荒(huang)(huang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)開(kai)發(fa)(fa)(fa)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設增添(tian)了(le)(le)新鮮血液(ye)。據(ju)史料(liao)記(ji)載，1956年(nian)與初創(chuang)(chuang)時相比(bi)，墾(ken)(ken)區(qu)國(guo)(guo)營農(nong)(nong)場(chang)由(you)(you)15個(ge)(ge)增加(jia)到(dao)(dao)96個(ge)(ge)，耕地(di)面積由(you)(you)41萬(wan)畝增加(jia)到(dao)(dao)457萬(wan)畝，機(ji)(ji)械(xie)總動力由(you)(you)1.1萬(wan)千瓦發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)到(dao)(dao)6.2萬(wan)千瓦，農(nong)(nong)場(chang)職工由(you)(you)3900人(ren)(ren)(ren)增加(jia)到(dao)(dao)4.65萬(wan)人(ren)(ren)(ren)，年(nian)糧食總產(chan)由(you)(you)2400萬(wan)斤(jin)增加(jia)到(dao)(dao)4.54億斤(jin)，年(nian)工農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)總產(chan)值由(you)(you)236萬(wan)元(yuan)增加(jia)到(dao)(dao)5263萬(wan)元(yuan)。

快速發展階段

這(zhe)是(shi)北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)荒(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)墾(ken)(ken)事業(ye)(ye)由初(chu)具規模(mo)到快速發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)10年。隨著黨(dang)(dang)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)過(guo)渡時(shi)期總(zong)路線的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)貫徹執行(xing)，全國(guo)(guo)掀起了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)轟轟烈烈的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)經(jing)濟建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)新高潮，北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)荒(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)開(kai)(kai)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)也進(jin)入了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)一(yi)(yi)個新階段(duan)(duan)(duan)。這(zhe)個階段(duan)(duan)(duan)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)八件具有重(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)影響的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)事：一(yi)(yi)是(shi)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)部召開(kai)(kai)第一(yi)(yi)次(ci)全國(guo)(guo)國(guo)(guo)營(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)場(chang)(chang)(chang)工作會(hui)議(yi)(yi)，討論通(tong)(tong)過(guo)第二個五年計劃(hua)中(zhong)(zhong)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)國(guo)(guo)營(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)場(chang)(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)總(zong)體規劃(hua)，對(dui)(dui)東(dong)北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)、西北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)和(he)(he)(he)華南(nan)地(di)(di)區(qu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)規模(mo)墾(ken)(ken)荒(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)做出(chu)(chu)了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)戰略(lve)部署。二是(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)央軍委(wei)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)出(chu)(chu)《關于(yu)動(dong)員(yuan)十萬(wan)(wan)干部轉(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)復員(yuan)參(can)加(jia)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)指(zhi)示(shi)》，中(zhong)(zhong)共中(zhong)(zhong)央成(cheng)都會(hui)議(yi)(yi)通(tong)(tong)過(guo)《關于(yu)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)軍墾(ken)(ken)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)場(chang)(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)意見》，充分(fen)肯定了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)軍墾(ken)(ken)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)場(chang)(chang)(chang)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)屯墾(ken)(ken)戌邊等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)方面的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)作用。三(san)是(shi)按照黨(dang)(dang)中(zhong)(zhong)央和(he)(he)(he)中(zhong)(zhong)央軍委(wei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)戰略(lve)部署，王(wang)震將軍親率10萬(wan)(wan)復轉(zhuan)官兵(bing)(bing)(bing)挺進(jin)北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)荒(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)三(san)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)平原上展(zhan)(zhan)開(kai)(kai)了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)規模(mo)宏大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)墾(ken)(ken)荒(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)戰斗(dou)，創建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)軍川農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)場(chang)(chang)(chang)、名(ming)(ming)山(shan)(shan)、江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)濱(bin)和(he)(he)(he)延軍等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)一(yi)(yi)批(pi)(pi)(pi)國(guo)(guo)營(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)場(chang)(chang)(chang)。四是(shi)全國(guo)(guo)開(kai)(kai)展(zhan)(zhan)“大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)躍進(jin)”和(he)(he)(he)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)人(ren)民公社化運動(dong)，特(te)別是(shi)60年代(dai)初(chu)期的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)嚴重(zhong)(zhong)自然災害，使(shi)加(jia)快發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)墾(ken)(ken)事業(ye)(ye)遇到了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)暫時(shi)困難。五是(shi)東(dong)北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)局(ju)召開(kai)(kai)東(dong)北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)地(di)(di)區(qu)國(guo)(guo)營(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)場(chang)(chang)(chang)工作會(hui)議(yi)(yi)，進(jin)一(yi)(yi)步(bu)明(ming)(ming)確國(guo)(guo)營(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)場(chang)(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)經(jing)營(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)方針是(shi)“以(yi)(yi)糧(liang)(liang)為(wei)(wei)綱、農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)牧并(bing)(bing)(bing)舉、多(duo)(duo)種經(jing)營(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)”，并(bing)(bing)(bing)做出(chu)(chu)“調(diao)整農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)場(chang)(chang)(chang)內部生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產關系不適(shi)應生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產力發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)部分(fen)”等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)一(yi)(yi)系列重(zhong)(zhong)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)決定，在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)當時(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)情況下為(wei)(wei)國(guo)(guo)營(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)場(chang)(chang)(chang)順(shun)利地(di)(di)進(jin)行(xing)調(diao)整和(he)(he)(he)提高指(zhi)明(ming)(ming)了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)方向。六是(shi)國(guo)(guo)務院批(pi)(pi)(pi)準(zhun)黑(hei)龍(long)(long)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)省(sheng)(sheng)設(she)(she)(she)立農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)墾(ken)(ken)廳，下設(she)(she)(she)九三(san)、趙(zhao)光、查哈陽(yang)和(he)(he)(he)紅色草原農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)墾(ken)(ken)局(ju)等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)派(pai)(pai)出(chu)(chu)機構(gou)，并(bing)(bing)(bing)把其(qi)(qi)它地(di)(di)區(qu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)省(sheng)(sheng)屬國(guo)(guo)營(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)場(chang)(chang)(chang)劃(hua)歸省(sheng)(sheng)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)墾(ken)(ken)廳，加(jia)強了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)省(sheng)(sheng)委(wei)、省(sheng)(sheng)政府對(dui)(dui)地(di)(di)方國(guo)(guo)營(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)場(chang)(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)集(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)統一(yi)(yi)領導(dao)(dao)。七是(shi)黨(dang)(dang)中(zhong)(zhong)央、國(guo)(guo)務院決定合并(bing)(bing)(bing)合江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)和(he)(he)(he)牡丹(dan)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)墾(ken)(ken)局(ju)，成(cheng)立東(dong)北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)墾(ken)(ken)總(zong)局(ju)（局(ju)址設(she)(she)(she)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)佳木斯市，下轄蘿北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)和(he)(he)(he)虎(hu)林(lin)兩個分(fen)局(ju)），進(jin)一(yi)(yi)步(bu)加(jia)強了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)開(kai)(kai)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)三(san)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)平原和(he)(he)(he)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)商(shang)品糧(liang)(liang)基地(di)(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)領導(dao)(dao)。八是(shi)人(ren)民解放軍沈陽(yang)軍區(qu)所屬部隊萬(wan)(wan)余(yu)名(ming)(ming)官兵(bing)(bing)(bing)，即(ji)“六六·三(san)”復轉(zhuan)官兵(bing)(bing)(bing)分(fen)批(pi)(pi)(pi)到全省(sheng)(sheng)29個農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)牧場(chang)(chang)(chang)插(cha)隊，組建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)黑(hei)龍(long)(long)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)兵(bing)(bing)(bing)團(tuan)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)第一(yi)(yi)師（黑(hei)河農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)師）和(he)(he)(he)第二師（合江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)師），為(wei)(wei)后(hou)來黑(hei)龍(long)(long)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)兵(bing)(bing)(bing)團(tuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)成(cheng)立奠定了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)一(yi)(yi)定基礎。這(zhe)個階段(duan)(duan)(duan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)荒(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)開(kai)(kai)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)，也包(bao)括一(yi)(yi)批(pi)(pi)(pi)勞改(gai)(gai)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)場(chang)(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)立。自1950年松江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)省(sheng)(sheng)公安廳在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)湯原縣創建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)第一(yi)(yi)個勞改(gai)(gai)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)場(chang)(chang)(chang)起，到60年代(dai)初(chu)先后(hou)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)立了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)密山(shan)(shan)、興凱(kai)湖(hu)、尾(wei)山(shan)(shan)、長(chang)(chang)水河等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)38個勞改(gai)(gai)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)場(chang)(chang)(chang)。北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)荒(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)人(ren)以(yi)(yi)寬闊(kuo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)胸懷，接(jie)納了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)這(zhe)些農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)場(chang)(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)勞改(gai)(gai)犯人(ren)，并(bing)(bing)(bing)用黨(dang)(dang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)政策(ce)對(dui)(dui)他們(men)實行(xing)了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)勞動(dong)改(gai)(gai)造。在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)這(zhe)一(yi)(yi)階段(duan)(duan)(duan)具有重(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)影響的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)事中(zhong)(zhong)，王(wang)震將軍親率10萬(wan)(wan)復轉(zhuan)官兵(bing)(bing)(bing)挺進(jin)北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)荒(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)，堪稱(cheng)是(shi)北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)荒(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)開(kai)(kai)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)史(shi)上最(zui)為(wei)(wei)壯麗(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)頁(ye)。在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)10萬(wan)(wan)復轉(zhuan)官兵(bing)(bing)(bing)挺進(jin)北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)荒(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)同(tong)時(shi)，一(yi)(yi)批(pi)(pi)(pi)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)專(zhuan)院校畢(bi)業(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)和(he)(he)(he)有經(jing)驗的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)教(jiao)師、醫生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)、記者，以(yi)(yi)及在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)反右斗(dou)爭中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)直屬機關被錯劃(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)1500名(ming)(ming)“右派(pai)(pai)分(fen)子”相繼來到北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)荒(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)，其(qi)(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)有著名(ming)(ming)詩人(ren)艾青，著名(ming)(ming)戲劇家(jia)(jia)吳祖光、李荒(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)燕，著名(ming)(ming)作家(jia)(jia)和(he)(he)(he)畫(hua)家(jia)(jia)聶(nie)紺弩(nu)、丁(ding)玲、丁(ding)聰等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)人(ren)，這(zhe)些拓荒(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)者為(wei)(wei)北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)荒(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)開(kai)(kai)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)做出(chu)(chu)了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)應有的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)特(te)殊貢獻。經(jing)過(guo)這(zhe)個階段(duan)(duan)(duan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)開(kai)(kai)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)縱橫千里的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)荒(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)，建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)成(cheng)了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)一(yi)(yi)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)批(pi)(pi)(pi)國(guo)(guo)營(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)場(chang)(chang)(chang)，成(cheng)為(wei)(wei)國(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)重(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)商(shang)品糧(liang)(liang)基地(di)(di)，北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)荒(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)變成(cheng)了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)海(hai)內外聞名(ming)(ming)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)倉”。到1966年，墾(ken)(ken)區(qu)實現(xian)(xian)糧(liang)(liang)豆總(zong)產23億(yi)斤，比1956年增長(chang)(chang)4倍(bei)多(duo)(duo)；向國(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)提供商(shang)品糧(liang)(liang)11.4億(yi)斤，比1956年增長(chang)(chang)3.7倍(bei)。在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)糧(liang)(liang)食生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)同(tong)時(shi)，修建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)密山(shan)(shan)至虎(hu)林(lin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)鐵路，開(kai)(kai)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)完達山(shan)(shan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)林(lin)區(qu)，加(jia)快發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)工業(ye)(ye)和(he)(he)(he)林(lin)牧副(fu)漁業(ye)(ye)等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)多(duo)(duo)種經(jing)營(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)。墾(ken)(ken)區(qu)實現(xian)(xian)工農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)總(zong)產值3.7億(yi)元，比1956年增長(chang)(chang)6倍(bei)多(duo)(duo)。1964年7月，國(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)副(fu)主席董(dong)必武(wu)視察墾(ken)(ken)區(qu)時(shi)，曾題詩贊頌北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)荒(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)巨大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)變化：“斬棘披荊憶老(lao)兵(bing)(bing)(bing)，大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)荒(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)已(yi)變大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)糧(liang)(liang)屯”。

曲折前進階段

這(zhe)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)北(bei)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)荒(huang)(huang)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)墾(ken)(ken)(ken)(ken)(ken)(ken)事(shi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)在(zai)遭受嚴重挫(cuo)折中(zhong)奮力(li)向前(qian)(qian)(qian)推進的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)12年(nian)(nian)(nian)。正當(dang)北(bei)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)荒(huang)(huang)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)墾(ken)(ken)(ken)(ken)(ken)(ken)事(shi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)蓬勃發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)候，“文(wen)(wen)化大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)革命”這(zhe)場(chang)長(chang)(chang)達10年(nian)(nian)(nian)之久(jiu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)浩劫席卷全國(guo)(guo)(guo)。隨(sui)著“文(wen)(wen)化大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)革命”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)，“左”傾錯誤思(si)潮泛濫，對墾(ken)(ken)(ken)(ken)(ken)(ken)區(qu)(qu)(qu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)沖擊也愈演愈烈。到(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)1968年(nian)(nian)(nian)，整個(ge)(ge)東(dong)北(bei)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)墾(ken)(ken)(ken)(ken)(ken)(ken)總(zong)(zong)局(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)和(he)(he)省(sheng)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)墾(ken)(ken)(ken)(ken)(ken)(ken)廳所屬(shu)(shu)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)牧(mu)場(chang)及(ji)(ji)工(gong)礦企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，從領導(dao)(dao)體(ti)制(zhi)(zhi)、經(jing)營管理方(fang)式到(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)各(ge)項規章制(zhi)(zhi)度等被(bei)全盤(pan)否定，一(yi)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)批(pi)(pi)富有(you)(you)經(jing)驗的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)領導(dao)(dao)干部(bu)被(bei)批(pi)(pi)斗(dou)，致使農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)墾(ken)(ken)(ken)(ken)(ken)(ken)事(shi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)遭受了(le)(le)(le)嚴重挫(cuo)折。這(zhe)個(ge)(ge)階段(duan)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)了(le)(le)(le)四(si)件具有(you)(you)重要(yao)(yao)影(ying)響(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)事(shi)：一(yi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)黑(hei)龍江生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)兵(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)團(tuan)正式成(cheng)立和(he)(he)撤消(xiao)。1968年(nian)(nian)(nian)6月(yue)18日，根據黨(dang)(dang)中(zhong)央及(ji)(ji)軍(jun)委指示組建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)人(ren)民(min)解放軍(jun)黑(hei)龍江生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)兵(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)團(tuan)，主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)(yao)任務是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)屯(tun)墾(ken)(ken)(ken)(ken)(ken)(ken)戌(xu)邊(bian)：保(bao)衛邊(bian)疆(jiang)，建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)邊(bian)疆(jiang)，發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)。隨(sui)著黑(hei)龍江生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)兵(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)團(tuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)組建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，一(yi)批(pi)(pi)國(guo)(guo)(guo)營農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)場(chang)和(he)(he)勞改農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)場(chang)相(xiang)(xiang)繼(ji)被(bei)軍(jun)隊接管。1976年(nian)(nian)(nian)2月(yue)25日，經(jing)國(guo)(guo)(guo)務院和(he)(he)中(zhong)央軍(jun)委批(pi)(pi)準，撤消(xiao)黑(hei)龍江生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)兵(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)團(tuan)，在(zai)佳木斯市(shi)成(cheng)立黑(hei)龍江省(sheng)國(guo)(guo)(guo)營農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)場(chang)總(zong)(zong)局(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)，下設(she)(she)寶(bao)泉嶺、紅(hong)興隆等11個(ge)(ge)國(guo)(guo)(guo)營農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)場(chang)管理局(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)，為(wei)(wei)墾(ken)(ken)(ken)(ken)(ken)(ken)區(qu)(qu)(qu)經(jing)濟和(he)(he)社(she)(she)會(hui)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)帶來了(le)(le)(le)新(xin)(xin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)機。二(er)(er)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)批(pi)(pi)城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)知(zhi)(zhi)識(shi)(shi)青(qing)(qing)年(nian)(nian)(nian)開赴北(bei)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)荒(huang)(huang)和(he)(he)返城(cheng)(cheng)。從1968年(nian)(nian)(nian)到(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)1971年(nian)(nian)(nian)，北(bei)京、天津、上海、杭州和(he)(he)哈爾濱等大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)中(zhong)城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)知(zhi)(zhi)識(shi)(shi)青(qing)(qing)年(nian)(nian)(nian)，紛(fen)紛(fen)響(xiang)應毛主(zhu)(zhu)席“知(zhi)(zhi)識(shi)(shi)青(qing)(qing)年(nian)(nian)(nian)到(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村去(qu)，接受貧下中(zhong)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)再教育”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)號召相(xiang)(xiang)繼(ji)開赴北(bei)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)荒(huang)(huang)。大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)批(pi)(pi)城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)知(zhi)(zhi)識(shi)(shi)青(qing)(qing)年(nian)(nian)(nian)來到(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)場(chang)，提高了(le)(le)(le)墾(ken)(ken)(ken)(ken)(ken)(ken)區(qu)(qu)(qu)職(zhi)工(gong)隊伍的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)文(wen)(wen)化素質，為(wei)(wei)北(bei)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)荒(huang)(huang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)開發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)添(tian)了(le)(le)(le)新(xin)(xin)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)力(li)量(liang)，特別是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)對農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)場(chang)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)技術改進和(he)(he)文(wen)(wen)教衛生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)事(shi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)，以(yi)及(ji)(ji)職(zhi)工(gong)思(si)想觀念和(he)(he)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)活方(fang)式的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)轉變起了(le)(le)(le)重要(yao)(yao)作用。自1981年(nian)(nian)(nian)開始，由(you)于國(guo)(guo)(guo)家落實政策，大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)批(pi)(pi)知(zhi)(zhi)識(shi)(shi)青(qing)(qing)年(nian)(nian)(nian)陸續(xu)返城(cheng)(cheng)。在(zai)北(bei)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)荒(huang)(huang)艱苦的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)環境中(zhong)，廣大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)知(zhi)(zhi)識(shi)(shi)青(qing)(qing)年(nian)(nian)(nian)得(de)到(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)嚴格鍛煉，后來有(you)(you)不(bu)少人(ren)脫穎而(er)出成(cheng)為(wei)(wei)全國(guo)(guo)(guo)各(ge)行各(ge)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)杰出人(ren)物，有(you)(you)相(xiang)(xiang)當(dang)一(yi)部(bu)分人(ren)成(cheng)為(wei)(wei)國(guo)(guo)(guo)家各(ge)級黨(dang)(dang)政機關(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)棟梁之才。三(san)(san)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)兵(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)團(tuan)新(xin)(xin)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)第六(liu)師開發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)三(san)(san)江平(ping)原東(dong)北(bei)部(bu)撫(fu)(fu)遠(yuan)荒(huang)(huang)原。當(dang)時(shi)，將原第三(san)(san)師所屬(shu)(shu)二(er)(er)十(shi)七團(tuan)等4個(ge)(ge)團(tuan)場(chang)，歸屬(shu)(shu)新(xin)(xin)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)第六(liu)師作為(wei)(wei)基(ji)地(di)和(he)(he)依托，搶修并沿著二(er)(er)龍山至(zhi)撫(fu)(fu)遠(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“二(er)(er)撫(fu)(fu)”公路“二(er)(er)戰(zhan)荒(huang)(huang)原”，新(xin)(xin)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)了(le)(le)(le)六(liu)十(shi)團(tuan)（前(qian)(qian)(qian)進農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)場(chang)）、六(liu)十(shi)一(yi)團(tuan)（創業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)場(chang)）等7個(ge)(ge)團(tuan)場(chang)。四(si)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)在(zai)社(she)(she)會(hui)保(bao)障體(ti)系不(bu)夠(gou)完善的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)條件下建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)墾(ken)(ken)(ken)(ken)(ken)(ken)小(xiao)城(cheng)(cheng)鎮。生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)兵(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)團(tuan)成(cheng)立后，農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)墾(ken)(ken)(ken)(ken)(ken)(ken)小(xiao)社(she)(she)會(hui)得(de)到(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)了(le)(le)(le)進一(yi)步發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)。不(bu)僅(jin)糧(liang)油和(he)(he)副食(shi)供應，以(yi)及(ji)(ji)文(wen)(wen)教衛生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)和(he)(he)勞保(bao)福利等可(ke)以(yi)自給自足，就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)領域的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)許(xu)多方(fang)面(mian)(mian)，如交通(tong)、通(tong)信、科研和(he)(he)廣播電視等也都(dou)自成(cheng)網(wang)絡，逐步形(xing)成(cheng)了(le)(le)(le)140多個(ge)(ge)具有(you)(you)一(yi)定規模(mo)(mo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)墾(ken)(ken)(ken)(ken)(ken)(ken)小(xiao)城(cheng)(cheng)鎮的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)雛形(xing)。特別是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)由(you)于當(dang)時(shi)戰(zhan)備形(xing)勢(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)需要(yao)(yao)，墾(ken)(ken)(ken)(ken)(ken)(ken)區(qu)(qu)(qu)在(zai)交通(tong)和(he)(he)通(tong)信等方(fang)面(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)有(you)(you)很大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)，為(wei)(wei)進一(yi)步開發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)三(san)(san)江平(ping)原鋪平(ping)了(le)(le)(le)道路，并為(wei)(wei)90年(nian)(nian)(nian)代(dai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)加(jia)快發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)奠定了(le)(le)(le)基(ji)礎。盡(jin)管由(you)于“文(wen)(wen)化大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)革命”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影(ying)響(xiang)，這(zhe)個(ge)(ge)階段(duan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)遭受了(le)(le)(le)嚴重挫(cuo)折，勞動生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)率(lv)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)幅度下降，生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)經(jing)營狀況不(bu)斷(duan)惡化，但北(bei)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)荒(huang)(huang)人(ren)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)揚艱苦奮斗(dou)精神，堅韌不(bu)拔(ba)地(di)把農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)墾(ken)(ken)(ken)(ken)(ken)(ken)事(shi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)推向了(le)(le)(le)前(qian)(qian)(qian)進。主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)(yao)標(biao)志是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)：農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)規模(mo)(mo)不(bu)斷(duan)擴大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)。1978年(nian)(nian)(nian)，墾(ken)(ken)(ken)(ken)(ken)(ken)區(qu)(qu)(qu)耕地(di)總(zong)(zong)面(mian)(mian)積達到(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)2723.4萬(wan)畝，比(bi)1966年(nian)(nian)(nian)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)(chang)42.5%；實現(xian)糧(liang)豆(dou)總(zong)(zong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)46.9億斤，比(bi)1966年(nian)(nian)(nian)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)(chang)51.3%。畜牧(mu)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)進一(yi)步發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)，大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)牲畜存欄達到(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)15.1萬(wan)頭，比(bi)1966年(nian)(nian)(nian)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)(chang)31.3%。工(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)形(xing)成(cheng)相(xiang)(xiang)當(dang)規模(mo)(mo)，中(zhong)小(xiao)型(xing)工(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)到(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)737個(ge)(ge)，實現(xian)工(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)總(zong)(zong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)值6.3億元，比(bi)1966年(nian)(nian)(nian)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)(chang)3倍。特別是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)先后新(xin)(xin)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)和(he)(he)擴建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)了(le)(le)(le)一(yi)批(pi)(pi)制(zhi)(zhi)糖、釀酒、造紙、奶制(zhi)(zhi)品和(he)(he)面(mian)(mian)粉加(jia)工(gong)等工(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，改變了(le)(le)(le)墾(ken)(ken)(ken)(ken)(ken)(ken)區(qu)(qu)(qu)單(dan)一(yi)經(jing)營農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)局(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)面(mian)(mian)。

經過一(yi)次創業的(de)偉大實(shi)踐(jian)，北(bei)大荒已(yi)變成名副其(qi)實(shi)的(de)北(bei)大倉，人們千(qian)百年來(lai)的(de)夢想(xiang)終于成為現實(shi)。

開拓(tuo)前進(jin)(jin)中(zhong)跨越發(fa)展。以(yi)黨的(de)十一(yi)屆三中(zhong)全會為(wei)轉(zhuan)折點，北大荒農(nong)墾事(shi)業發(fa)展也進(jin)(jin)入了(le)(le)一(yi)個(ge)新的(de)歷史時期——二(er)次(ci)創(chuang)業。經(jing)歷了(le)(le)三個(ge)階(jie)段(duan)：試驗探索階(jie)段(duan)、深刻變革階(jie)段(duan)和開拓(tuo)前進(jin)(jin)階(jie)段(duan)。這三個(ge)階(jie)段(duan)的(de)二(er)次(ci)創(chuang)業，是北大荒人在計(ji)劃經(jing)濟向市(shi)場(chang)經(jing)濟轉(zhuan)軌過(guo)程中(zhong)，高(gao)舉(ju)“解(jie)放思想，事(shi)實(shi)求(qiu)是，深化改(gai)革，擴大開放”的(de)旗(qi)幟(zhi)，以(yi)突破體(ti)制性障礙(ai)和解(jie)決結構性矛盾為(wei)主(zhu)，以(yi)實(shi)現(xian)兩個(ge)根本性轉(zhuan)變和加快農(nong)業現(xian)代化建設(she)為(wei)目的(de)，所進(jin)(jin)行的(de)一(yi)次(ci)具有開拓(tuo)性的(de)偉大創(chuang)業實(shi)踐。

試驗探索階段

主要(yao)特(te)點是：以(yi)(yi)解放(fang)思(si)想(xiang)為(wei)(wei)先(xian)導(dao)(dao)，積極(ji)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)試驗探索，調(diao)整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)傳(chuan)統(tong)(tong)(tong)經(jing)(jing)(jing)營(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)模(mo)式，改(gai)革(ge)經(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)管理體(ti)制(zhi)(zhi)，由封閉逐(zhu)步(bu)走向(xiang)開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)放(fang)，為(wei)(wei)加快發展(zhan)提供動力。這(zhe)個(ge)階段發生(sheng)(sheng)了(le)四件(jian)具有重(zhong)要(yao)影響的(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)事：一(yi)(yi)(yi)是調(diao)整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)結(jie)構(gou)，發展(zhan)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)工(gong)(gong)商綜(zong)(zong)合(he)經(jing)(jing)(jing)營(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)。墾(ken)(ken)(ken)區(qu)從(cong)調(diao)整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)結(jie)構(gou)入手，實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)工(gong)(gong)商綜(zong)(zong)合(he)經(jing)(jing)(jing)營(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)，進(jin)(jin)(jin)一(yi)(yi)(yi)步(bu)改(gai)變單一(yi)(yi)(yi)經(jing)(jing)(jing)營(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)局面(mian)。通過調(diao)整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)結(jie)構(gou)，初步(bu)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)現(xian)了(le)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)林牧副漁(yu)全面(mian)發展(zhan)和(he)(he)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)工(gong)(gong)商綜(zong)(zong)合(he)經(jing)(jing)(jing)營(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)，使(shi)墾(ken)(ken)(ken)區(qu)經(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)逐(zhu)步(bu)走上了(le)區(qu)域(yu)化(hua)(hua)布局、專業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)、集約化(hua)(hua)經(jing)(jing)(jing)營(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)、系(xi)列化(hua)(hua)服務(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)軌道。二(er)是實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)對(dui)外開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)放(fang)，建立農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)現(xian)代(dai)化(hua)(hua)窗(chuang)口。在我(wo)國(guo)(guo)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)改(gai)革(ge)開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)放(fang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)前夕(xi)，北大(da)荒(huang)人(ren)就從(cong)美(mei)國(guo)(guo)約翰迪(di)爾公司引(yin)進(jin)(jin)(jin)一(yi)(yi)(yi)套(tao)先(xian)進(jin)(jin)(jin)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)機械(xie)設(she)備，裝備經(jing)(jing)(jing)營(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)基礎較好的(de)(de)(de)(de)友誼農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)場五分(fen)(fen)場第二(er)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)隊(dui)，使(shi)每個(ge)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)工(gong)(gong)人(ren)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)糧豆(dou)(dou)達到42.3萬斤。1980年(nian)(nian)，墾(ken)(ken)(ken)區(qu)與日本日綿實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)株(zhu)式會社，實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)施了(le)在三(san)江平原開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)發30萬畝耕地的(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)豆(dou)(dou)補償貿易(yi)項(xiang)目(mu)；從(cong)日美(mei)引(yin)進(jin)(jin)(jin)價值1126.4萬美(mei)元(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)先(xian)進(jin)(jin)(jin)機械(xie)裝備，新(xin)建了(le)具有較高(gao)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)現(xian)代(dai)化(hua)(hua)水平的(de)(de)(de)(de)洪河農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)場。1981至(zhi)1983年(nian)(nian)，墾(ken)(ken)(ken)區(qu)用世界(jie)銀行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)貸款開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)荒(huang)300萬畝，并達成“黑龍江農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)墾(ken)(ken)(ken)項(xiang)目(mu)”協儀，引(yin)進(jin)(jin)(jin)了(le)一(yi)(yi)(yi)大(da)批先(xian)進(jin)(jin)(jin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)型(xing)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)和(he)(he)工(gong)(gong)程機械(xie)。這(zhe)些農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)現(xian)代(dai)化(hua)(hua)窗(chuang)口的(de)(de)(de)(de)建立,受到了(le)黨和(he)(he)國(guo)(guo)家領(ling)導(dao)(dao)人(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)高(gao)度(du)重(zhong)視(shi)，鄧小平、李先(xian)念(nian)、胡耀邦、王震等先(xian)后到墾(ken)(ken)(ken)區(qu)視(shi)察，對(dui)墾(ken)(ken)(ken)區(qu)引(yin)進(jin)(jin)(jin)和(he)(he)吸收國(guo)(guo)外先(xian)進(jin)(jin)(jin)技術，發展(zhan)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)機械(xie)化(hua)(hua)和(he)(he)現(xian)代(dai)化(hua)(hua)給予了(le)充分(fen)(fen)肯定。三(san)是實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)財(cai)(cai)務(wu)(wu)包(bao)干(gan)，變革(ge)經(jing)(jing)(jing)營(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)管理體(ti)制(zhi)(zhi)。1979年(nian)(nian)2月，國(guo)(guo)務(wu)(wu)院(yuan)決(jue)定從(cong)1979年(nian)(nian)到1985年(nian)(nian)對(dui)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)墾(ken)(ken)(ken)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)以(yi)(yi)“獨(du)立核(he)算，自負盈(ying)虧(kui)，虧(kui)損不補，利潤用于發展(zhan)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)，資金不足可以(yi)(yi)貸款”為(wei)(wei)主要(yao)內容的(de)(de)(de)(de)財(cai)(cai)務(wu)(wu)包(bao)干(gan)。這(zhe)個(ge)辦法的(de)(de)(de)(de)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，在財(cai)(cai)務(wu)(wu)管理上沖破了(le)多(duo)(duo)年(nian)(nian)來(lai)(lai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)統(tong)(tong)(tong)收統(tong)(tong)(tong)支制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)，較好地解決(jue)了(le)長期(qi)存在的(de)(de)(de)(de)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)吃國(guo)(guo)家“大(da)鍋飯(fan)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)問題(ti)，大(da)幅度(du)提高(gao)了(le)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)墾(ken)(ken)(ken)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)經(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)效益。實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)財(cai)(cai)務(wu)(wu)包(bao)干(gan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)當年(nian)(nian)，墾(ken)(ken)(ken)區(qu)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)現(xian)利潤1006萬元(yuan)，比1978年(nian)(nian)扭虧(kui)增盈(ying)12111萬元(yuan)，以(yi)(yi)后又連續多(duo)(duo)年(nian)(nian)盈(ying)利。四是實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)承(cheng)(cheng)包(bao)責(ze)任(ren)(ren)制(zhi)(zhi)，試辦職(zhi)工(gong)(gong)家庭農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)場。1979年(nian)(nian)2月，墾(ken)(ken)(ken)區(qu)開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)始(shi)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)基本工(gong)(gong)資加獎勵的(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)責(ze)任(ren)(ren)制(zhi)(zhi)，后來(lai)(lai)又改(gai)為(wei)(wei)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)“包(bao)、定、獎（賠）”的(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)責(ze)任(ren)(ren)制(zhi)(zhi)。從(cong)1981年(nian)(nian)開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)始(shi)，墾(ken)(ken)(ken)區(qu)試行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)責(ze)任(ren)(ren)制(zhi)(zhi)與實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)浮動工(gong)(gong)資相結(jie)合(he)的(de)(de)(de)(de)辦法，農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)場對(dui)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)隊(dui)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)“整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)體(ti)承(cheng)(cheng)包(bao)，統(tong)(tong)(tong)一(yi)(yi)(yi)核(he)算，利潤分(fen)(fen)成，虧(kui)損受罰”的(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)責(ze)任(ren)(ren)制(zhi)(zhi)。1982年(nian)(nian)2月，墾(ken)(ken)(ken)區(qu)開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)始(shi)試行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)以(yi)(yi)機械(xie)化(hua)(hua)作業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)為(wei)(wei)主的(de)(de)(de)(de)機農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)聯合(he)承(cheng)(cheng)包(bao)，部分(fen)(fen)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)場實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)機務(wu)(wu)單獨(du)承(cheng)(cheng)包(bao)或車組(zu)承(cheng)(cheng)包(bao)。這(zhe)一(yi)(yi)(yi)系(xi)列生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)責(ze)任(ren)(ren)制(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，較好地解決(jue)了(le)長期(qi)存在的(de)(de)(de)(de)職(zhi)工(gong)(gong)吃企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)“大(da)鍋飯(fan)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)問題(ti)。實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)承(cheng)(cheng)包(bao)責(ze)任(ren)(ren)制(zhi)(zhi)后，墾(ken)(ken)(ken)區(qu)分(fen)(fen)離農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)勞動力6萬多(duo)(duo)人(ren)，為(wei)(wei)發展(zhan)多(duo)(duo)種經(jing)(jing)(jing)營(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)創造(zao)了(le)條件(jian)。1984年(nian)(nian)初，借鑒農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村改(gai)革(ge)成功(gong)經(jing)(jing)(jing)驗，墾(ken)(ken)(ken)區(qu)開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)始(shi)試辦一(yi)(yi)(yi)批家庭農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)場，從(cong)而在農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)經(jing)(jing)(jing)營(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)體(ti)制(zhi)(zhi)改(gai)革(ge)上找到了(le)新(xin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)突(tu)破口。

深刻變革階段

這(zhe)(zhe)個階段的主要特點是：墾(ken)區經濟體制改(gai)革(ge)(ge)，由試驗探(tan)索轉向(xiang)能動推進，由單(dan)項(xiang)突破(po)轉向(xiang)配(pei)套實施。在(zai)經濟體制改(gai)革(ge)(ge)進一步(bu)深化，不斷(duan)取得(de)突破(po)性進展的同時，墾(ken)區社會生(sheng)產力水(shui)平明顯(xian)提(ti)高。這(zhe)(zhe)個階段發生(sheng)了四件具有重要影響的大(da)事：一是建立(li)大(da)農場套小(xiao)農場的雙(shuang)層(ceng)經營體制。1985年初(chu)，墾(ken)區興辦(ban)家庭(ting)農場工作(zuo)全(quan)面鋪開，逐步(bu)推行(xing)了生(sheng)產生(sheng)活(huo)費用由“兩(liang)借”變為“兩(liang)自”的改(gai)革(ge)(ge)，在(zai)興辦(ban)以家庭(ting)農場為主的小(xiao)農

場(chang)的(de)同時，國(guo)營(ying)(ying)農(nong)場(chang)（大(da)農(nong)場(chang)）強(qiang)化統(tong)一經(jing)(jing)營(ying)(ying)功(gong)能，初步建立了國(guo)營(ying)(ying)農(nong)場(chang)統(tong)一經(jing)(jing)營(ying)(ying)和家庭(ting)農(nong)場(chang)分散經(jing)(jing)營(ying)(ying)相(xiang)結合(he)的(de)大(da)農(nong)場(chang)套小農(nong)場(chang)的(de)雙層經(jing)(jing)營(ying)(ying)體制(zhi)。二是實(shi)行場(chang)（廠(chang)）長(chang)負責制(zhi)和承包經(jing)(jing)營(ying)(ying)責

任(ren)制(zhi)(zhi)。從1984年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)下半年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)開始(shi)(shi)，墾(ken)(ken)區(qu)(qu)進(jin)行(xing)場(chang)（廠(chang)）長負責制(zhi)(zhi)試點，到(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)1988年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)試點單位達到(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)企(qi)業(ye)總數的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)60%以上。90年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)代初(chu)期，墾(ken)(ken)區(qu)(qu)全面推(tui)(tui)行(xing)多種形式(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)承包(bao)經(jing)營責任(ren)制(zhi)(zhi)，實(shi)行(xing)了(le)企(qi)業(ye)所有權和經(jing)營權的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)分離。墾(ken)(ken)區(qu)(qu)大(da)力推(tui)(tui)進(jin)企(qi)業(ye)內部“三(san)項(xiang)(xiang)制(zhi)(zhi)度”改(gai)革(ge)(ge)，逐步建立(li)了(le)“干部能(neng)上能(neng)下，職工(gong)能(neng)進(jin)能(neng)出，收入能(neng)高能(neng)低(di)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)競爭(zheng)機(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)。三(san)是實(shi)行(xing)以“四(si)到(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)戶、兩自(zi)理”為標志(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)農(nong)業(ye)改(gai)革(ge)(ge)。1992年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)，鄧小(xiao)平(ping)同(tong)志(zhi)南(nan)巡(xun)談話發表后，墾(ken)(ken)區(qu)(qu)一(yi)(yi)些(xie)經(jing)營困(kun)(kun)難的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)農(nong)場(chang)，在無(wu)力為家(jia)庭農(nong)場(chang)墊支(zhi)生(sheng)產(chan)生(sheng)活費，而銀行(xing)又不給(gei)農(nong)場(chang)貸款(kuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)情況下，率先對家(jia)庭農(nong)場(chang)采(cai)取了(le)“兩自(zi)理”和“四(si)到(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)戶”（土地承包(bao)到(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)戶、核算(suan)到(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)戶、盈虧到(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)戶、風(feng)險到(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)戶）的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)辦法。這(zhe)種辦法既調(diao)動(dong)(dong)了(le)職工(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)積極性(xing)，增(zeng)強了(le)職工(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)風(feng)險意識，又使農(nong)場(chang)甩掉包(bao)袱并擺脫了(le)困(kun)(kun)境，因而很(hen)快在墾(ken)(ken)區(qu)(qu)和全國(guo)農(nong)墾(ken)(ken)系統推(tui)(tui)行(xing)，從而把(ba)墾(ken)(ken)區(qu)(qu)農(nong)業(ye)發展(zhan)推(tui)(tui)向(xiang)了(le)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)(ge)新(xin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)階(jie)段(duan)(duan)。四(si)是啟動(dong)(dong)實(shi)施(shi)(shi)國(guo)家(jia)100億斤(jin)商品(pin)糧(liang)基(ji)地建設(she)項(xiang)(xiang)目。隨著“八(ba)五”計劃(hua)開始(shi)(shi)實(shi)施(shi)(shi)，憑借著改(gai)革(ge)(ge)開放煥發出的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)機(ji)與(yu)活力，墾(ken)(ken)區(qu)(qu)肩負起(qi)了(le)建設(she)國(guo)家(jia)100億斤(jin)商品(pin)糧(liang)基(ji)地的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)歷(li)史(shi)重任(ren)。這(zhe)是列入國(guo)家(jia)“八(ba)五”計劃(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重點建設(she)項(xiang)(xiang)目，也是90年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)代墾(ken)(ken)區(qu)(qu)農(nong)業(ye)現代化建設(she)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)項(xiang)(xiang)標志(zhi)性(xing)工(gong)程。這(zhe)個(ge)(ge)(ge)重點建設(she)項(xiang)(xiang)目的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)完成，意味著墾(ken)(ken)區(qu)(qu)糧(liang)食生(sheng)產(chan)登上了(le)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)(ge)新(xin)臺階(jie)，用10年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)時間(jian)達到(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)了(le)過去40年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)才能(neng)達到(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)水平(ping)；標志(zhi)著墾(ken)(ken)區(qu)(qu)社(she)會生(sheng)產(chan)力提(ti)高到(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)了(le)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)(ge)新(xin)階(jie)段(duan)(duan)，創造出了(le)國(guo)內一(yi)(yi)流(liu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)農(nong)業(ye)勞動(dong)(dong)生(sheng)產(chan)率和糧(liang)食商品(pin)率水平(ping)。

開拓前進階段

這(zhe)(zhe)個(ge)(ge)階段的(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)(zhu)要特點是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)：墾(ken)(ken)(ken)(ken)區(qu)(qu)(qu)上下進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)一(yi)步(bu)(bu)(bu)解放(fang)思(si)想，開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)拓進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)取(qu)，改革(ge)(ge)開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)放(fang)取(qu)得(de)新(xin)(xin)(xin)突(tu)破，現(xian)(xian)代化(hua)(hua)(hua)建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)實(shi)(shi)現(xian)(xian)新(xin)(xin)(xin)跨越(yue)，推(tui)動經(jing)(jing)(jing)濟和(he)(he)(he)(he)社會(hui)步(bu)(bu)(bu)入(ru)了發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)快(kuai)車道(dao)。1995年12月(yue)初，總(zong)(zong)局黨(dang)委從墾(ken)(ken)(ken)(ken)情出(chu)發(fa)，研(yan)究確定了以(yi)堅持“三(san)轉、兩(liang)開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)、一(yi)打牢(lao)”，突(tu)出(chu)做好(hao)“四篇(pian)文(wen)(wen)章”，精(jing)心實(shi)(shi)施(shi)(shi)“六大(da)(da)戰略(lve)(lve)”為主(zhu)(zhu)要內(nei)容的(de)(de)(de)(de)墾(ken)(ken)(ken)(ken)區(qu)(qu)(qu)改革(ge)(ge)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)總(zong)(zong)體(ti)(ti)(ti)思(si)路。黨(dang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)十五大(da)(da)召開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)后，總(zong)(zong)局黨(dang)委著眼于新(xin)(xin)(xin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)實(shi)(shi)踐和(he)(he)(he)(he)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)，明(ming)(ming)確提(ti)(ti)出(chu)了跨世(shi)紀(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)宏偉藍(lan)圖，對把(ba)(ba)一(yi)個(ge)(ge)什么樣的(de)(de)(de)(de)墾(ken)(ken)(ken)(ken)區(qu)(qu)(qu)推(tui)向(xiang)(xiang)21世(shi)紀(ji)這(zhe)(zhe)個(ge)(ge)重(zhong)(zhong)大(da)(da)問題做出(chu)了莊嚴回答。“九(jiu)(jiu)五”以(yi)來，總(zong)(zong)局黨(dang)委把(ba)(ba)握時代主(zhu)(zhu)題，帶領墾(ken)(ken)(ken)(ken)區(qu)(qu)(qu)人(ren)(ren)民，面(mian)向(xiang)(xiang)市場(chang)，迎接挑戰，抓住(zhu)機遇，開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)拓進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)取(qu)，不(bu)斷(duan)把(ba)(ba)墾(ken)(ken)(ken)(ken)區(qu)(qu)(qu)改革(ge)(ge)開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)放(fang)和(he)(he)(he)(he)現(xian)(xian)代化(hua)(hua)(hua)建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)推(tui)向(xiang)(xiang)前(qian)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)。這(zhe)(zhe)個(ge)(ge)階段主(zhu)(zhu)要是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)在(zai)六個(ge)(ge)方面(mian)實(shi)(shi)現(xian)(xian)了跨越(yue)式的(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)：一(yi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)和(he)(he)(he)(he)機制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)創(chuang)新(xin)(xin)(xin)取(qu)得(de)新(xin)(xin)(xin)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)。農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)改革(ge)(ge)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)一(yi)步(bu)(bu)(bu)深(shen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)，雙(shuang)層(ceng)經(jing)(jing)(jing)營體(ti)(ti)(ti)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)斷(duan)完(wan)善。國有企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)改革(ge)(ge)和(he)(he)(he)(he)三(san)年脫(tuo)困(kun)目(mu)標(biao)如期實(shi)(shi)現(xian)(xian)，中小企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)產(chan)(chan)權(quan)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)改革(ge)(ge)基本推(tui)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)到(dao)位(wei)。管理體(ti)(ti)(ti)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)改革(ge)(ge)邁(mai)出(chu)重(zhong)(zhong)要步(bu)(bu)(bu)伐，集(ji)團(tuan)(tuan)化(hua)(hua)(hua)運作(zuo)和(he)(he)(he)(he)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)場(chang)內(nei)部政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)分開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)步(bu)(bu)(bu)伐明(ming)(ming)顯加(jia)快(kuai)。總(zong)(zong)局機關機構改革(ge)(ge)任(ren)務順利完(wan)成，社會(hui)保障(zhang)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)、干部人(ren)(ren)事(shi)(shi)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)和(he)(he)(he)(he)事(shi)(shi)轉企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)改革(ge)(ge)取(qu)得(de)實(shi)(shi)質性進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)。二是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)戰略(lve)(lve)性結構調整邁(mai)出(chu)新(xin)(xin)(xin)步(bu)(bu)(bu)伐。主(zhu)(zhu)要農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)作(zuo)物品種調優，優質品種覆蓋(gai)率(lv)(lv)達(da)到(dao)90%以(yi)上。優質高(gao)效經(jing)(jing)(jing)濟作(zuo)物面(mian)積明(ming)(ming)顯增加(jia)，綠色食品和(he)(he)(he)(he)有機農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)迅速發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)。畜(chu)牧業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)呈現(xian)(xian)強(qiang)勁(jing)勢頭，開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)始走(zou)上以(yi)質量(liang)效益(yi)為中心的(de)(de)(de)(de)軌道(dao)。第三(san)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)和(he)(he)(he)(he)非(fei)國有經(jing)(jing)(jing)濟快(kuai)速發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)，非(fei)國有經(jing)(jing)(jing)濟占全(quan)部經(jing)(jing)(jing)濟總(zong)(zong)量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)比重(zhong)(zhong)突(tu)破40%。三(san)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)(hua)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)實(shi)(shi)現(xian)(xian)新(xin)(xin)(xin)突(tu)破。通過加(jia)快(kuai)實(shi)(shi)施(shi)(shi)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)(hua)戰略(lve)(lve)，一(yi)批(pi)龍頭企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)和(he)(he)(he)(he)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)(hua)集(ji)團(tuan)(tuan)迅速發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)壯大(da)(da)。完(wan)達(da)山乳(ru)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)、九(jiu)(jiu)三(san)油脂集(ji)團(tuan)(tuan)成為國家(jia)級產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)(hua)龍頭企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，省級產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)(hua)龍頭企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)已發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)到(dao)13家(jia)。龍頭企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)與基地(di)和(he)(he)(he)(he)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)戶的(de)(de)(de)(de)聯結更加(jia)緊密，帶動了墾(ken)(ken)(ken)(ken)區(qu)(qu)(qu)22萬(wan)個(ge)(ge)家(jia)庭農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)場(chang)和(he)(he)(he)(he)地(di)方2.3萬(wan)個(ge)(ge)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)戶。“完(wan)達(da)山”、“北(bei)大(da)(da)荒(huang)”等一(yi)批(pi)知名品牌，在(zai)全(quan)國叫響并打入(ru)國際市場(chang)，在(zai)國內(nei)外(wai)(wai)市場(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)占有率(lv)(lv)大(da)(da)幅度(du)提(ti)(ti)高(gao)。四是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)對外(wai)(wai)開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)放(fang)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)取(qu)得(de)新(xin)(xin)(xin)成效。積極開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)拓國際市場(chang)，產(chan)(chan)品出(chu)口(kou)24個(ge)(ge)國家(jia)和(he)(he)(he)(he)地(di)區(qu)(qu)(qu)，出(chu)口(kou)品種達(da)8大(da)(da)類103個(ge)(ge)。對外(wai)(wai)貿(mao)(mao)易(yi)穩(wen)步(bu)(bu)(bu)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)，實(shi)(shi)現(xian)(xian)外(wai)(wai)貿(mao)(mao)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)出(chu)口(kou)總(zong)(zong)額4.5億(yi)美(mei)元。經(jing)(jing)(jing)貿(mao)(mao)合(he)作(zuo)成果豐碩(shuo)，參加(jia)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)會(hui)和(he)(he)(he)(he)經(jing)(jing)(jing)貿(mao)(mao)洽談活動，簽訂經(jing)(jing)(jing)貿(mao)(mao)合(he)作(zuo)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)5900多(duo)項(xiang)(xiang)，總(zong)(zong)金額達(da)到(dao)580億(yi)元。外(wai)(wai)資(zi)利用規模逐步(bu)(bu)(bu)擴大(da)(da)，外(wai)(wai)資(zi)到(dao)位(wei)率(lv)(lv)已達(da)到(dao)53.5%。通過加(jia)快(kuai)對外(wai)(wai)開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)放(fang)，進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)一(yi)步(bu)(bu)(bu)擴大(da)(da)了墾(ken)(ken)(ken)(ken)區(qu)(qu)(qu)在(zai)國內(nei)外(wai)(wai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)影響，樹立和(he)(he)(he)(he)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)示了北(bei)大(da)(da)荒(huang)集(ji)團(tuan)(tuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)新(xin)(xin)(xin)形象。五是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)小城(cheng)(cheng)鎮(zhen)建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)和(he)(he)(he)(he)各(ge)(ge)項(xiang)(xiang)社會(hui)事(shi)(shi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)實(shi)(shi)現(xian)(xian)新(xin)(xin)(xin)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)。小城(cheng)(cheng)鎮(zhen)建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)水平走(zou)在(zai)全(quan)省前(qian)列，促進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)二三(san)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)城(cheng)(cheng)鎮(zhen)載體(ti)(ti)(ti)功(gong)能進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)一(yi)步(bu)(bu)(bu)完(wan)善，形成了140多(duo)個(ge)(ge)設(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)配套(tao)、功(gong)能完(wan)善、環境(jing)優美(mei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)新(xin)(xin)(xin)型農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)墾(ken)(ken)(ken)(ken)城(cheng)(cheng)鎮(zhen)。交通、通信、教育、衛生、文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)、體(ti)(ti)(ti)育、新(xin)(xin)(xin)聞(wen)和(he)(he)(he)(he)廣(guang)播電視(shi)等各(ge)(ge)項(xiang)(xiang)社會(hui)事(shi)(shi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)一(yi)步(bu)(bu)(bu)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)，政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)法、民政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)、信訪、統戰和(he)(he)(he)(he)民兵等方面(mian)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)明(ming)(ming)顯加(jia)強(qiang)。六是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)黨(dang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)和(he)(he)(he)(he)精(jing)神(shen)文(wen)(wen)明(ming)(ming)建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)取(qu)得(de)新(xin)(xin)(xin)成果。通過加(jia)強(qiang)黨(dang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)，各(ge)(ge)級領導(dao)班子建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)的(de)(de)(de)(de)整體(ti)(ti)(ti)水平明(ming)(ming)顯提(ti)(ti)高(gao)。精(jing)神(shen)文(wen)(wen)明(ming)(ming)創(chuang)建(jian)(jian)活動不(bu)斷(duan)深(shen)入(ru)，涌現(xian)(xian)一(yi)大(da)(da)批(pi)省級文(wen)(wen)明(ming)(ming)單(dan)位(wei)標(biao)兵和(he)(he)(he)(he)文(wen)(wen)明(ming)(ming)單(dan)位(wei)。加(jia)強(qiang)和(he)(he)(he)(he)改進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)思(si)想政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)治工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)，黨(dang)群(qun)干群(qun)關系進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)一(yi)步(bu)(bu)(bu)密切，民主(zhu)(zhu)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)治和(he)(he)(he)(he)法制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)明(ming)(ming)顯加(jia)強(qiang)。這(zhe)(zhe)個(ge)(ge)階段的(de)(de)(de)(de)墾(ken)(ken)(ken)(ken)區(qu)(qu)(qu)，得(de)天(tian)時，倚(yi)地(di)利，聚(ju)人(ren)(ren)和(he)(he)(he)(he)，政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)治局面(mian)安定，社會(hui)形勢穩(wen)定，人(ren)(ren)民安居樂業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。廣(guang)大(da)(da)干部職工(gong)(gong)始終保持奮發(fa)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)取(qu)、昂揚(yang)向(xiang)(xiang)上的(de)(de)(de)(de)良好(hao)精(jing)神(shen)狀態(tai)，凝聚(ju)起(qi)了自我(wo)加(jia)壓、負重(zhong)(zhong)奮進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)、不(bu)甘人(ren)(ren)后、努(nu)力爭(zheng)先(xian)和(he)(he)(he)(he)創(chuang)造性地(di)開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)偉大(da)(da)力量(liang)。