七竅生煙:形容氣憤、焦急或干渴之(zhi)極,好像耳目口(kou)鼻都(dou)要冒出火來,也稱作“七(qi)孔生煙(yan)”、“七(qi)竅冒火”。成語(yu)作謂語(yu)、補語(yu)、是貶義詞。
出(chu)自清·黃小配(pei)《廿載繁華夢》第三回:“說罷,悻(xing)悻(xing)然轉出(chu)來。把鄧氏氣得(de)七竅生煙,覺得(de)腦中(zhong)一涌,喉(hou)里作(zuo)動,旋吐(tu)出(chu)鮮(xian)血(xue)來。”
七竅指:指兩(liang)(liang)耳、兩(liang)(liang)眼、兩(liang)(liang)鼻孔和(he)口。
人在極度憤怒和煩(fan)惱的(de)時(shi)候,就(jiu)會“七(qi)竅生煙”。黃帝內(nei)經(jing)講:五臟精(jing)氣(qi)(qi)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)達七(qi)竅,五臟不(bu)和,七(qi)竅不(bu)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)。肝氣(qi)(qi)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)眼可(ke)辯無(wu)色;腎氣(qi)(qi)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)耳可(ke)聞五音;肺氣(qi)(qi)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)鼻可(ke)知香(xiang)臭(chou);脾氣(qi)(qi)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)口可(ke)覺五谷;心氣(qi)(qi)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)舌可(ke)知五味。所以,人的(de)情緒變化,可(ke)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)過五臟七(qi)竅表現出來。
隋朝末年(nian),隋煬(yang)帝主政,暴亂(luan)荒淫,導致天下(xia)大(da)亂(luan),群雄(xiong)割據(ju)(ju)。唐公李淵和瓦(wa)崗(gang)寨(zhai)群雄(xiong),是當時勢力最為(wei)強大(da)者(zhe)。據(ju)(ju)說(shuo),在(zai)一(yi)次(ci)攻(gong)打瓦(wa)崗(gang)寨(zhai)的(de)戰爭(zheng)中(zhong)(zhong),隋煬(yang)帝派邱(qiu)(qiu)瑞與宇(yu)(yu)文成龍帶兵攻(gong)打瓦(wa)崗(gang)寨(zhai),但(dan)卻中(zhong)(zhong)了瓦(wa)崗(gang)寨(zhai)軍師徐(xu)茂公之計(ji),先(xian)鋒宇(yu)(yu)文成龍被殺。徐(xu)茂公命人(ren)將宇(yu)(yu)文成龍的(de)首級斬(zhan)下(xia)拌上石灰放(fang)在(zai)竹箱,并附上模仿(fang)邱(qiu)(qiu)瑞字(zi)跡(ji)的(de)書(shu)信一(yi)封,一(yi)起(qi)送到丞相宇(yu)(yu)文化及(ji)府中(zhong)(zhong)。書(shu)信內容寫著:“你兒子(zi)恃功,不把我(wo)元(yuan)帥放(fang)在(zai)眼內,屢次(ci)違我(wo)軍令,今(jin)已把他斬(zhan)首,特此告(gao)知。”宇(yu)(yu)文化及(ji)看完(wan),大(da)哭大(da)罵,隨即(ji)入朝將頭、信拿給隋煬(yang)帝看。隋煬(yang)帝大(da)怒,立(li)刻派錦(jin)衣衛前(qian)去捉拿邱(qiu)(qiu)瑞的(de)家(jia)屬,但(dan)早已空無一(yi)人(ren)。宇(yu)(yu)文化及(ji)認為(wei)邱(qiu)(qiu)瑞已投降瓦(wa)崗(gang)寨(zhai),請求(qiu)隋煬(yang)帝立(li)即(ji)派官前(qian)去邱(qiu)(qiu)瑞營中(zhong)(zhong),命他自盡。隋煬(yang)帝即(ji)刻派官一(yi)人(ren)、校(xiao)尉四(si)人(ren),直奔瓦(wa)崗(gang)寨(zhai)辦(ban)事。
另一(yi)邊,邱(qiu)福來到營(ying)中,拜見父(fu)親,邱(qiu)瑞(rui)連忙(mang)問道(dao):“你不是已經被抓,為何又來這里?”邱(qiu)福說:“這是瓦崗寨(zhai)(zhai)徐(xu)茂公的(de)計策,要您歸(gui)(gui)順投降,現在家人(ren)在瓦崗寨(zhai)(zhai)都被妥善安頓,于是叫(jiao)孩(hai)兒來奉請。”邱(qiu)瑞(rui)聽后,急得七竅生煙(yan),主意全(quan)無。這時,隋煬帝派的(de)使(shi)臣(chen)剛(gang)好也到。邱(qiu)瑞(rui)接了圣旨(zhi),使(shi)臣(chen)宣讀(du)內容,命邱(qiu)瑞(rui)自盡。邱(qiu)福大怒,一(yi)刀殺了使(shi)臣(chen)。邱(qiu)瑞(rui)長嘆一(yi)聲,要邱(qiu)福先去通報,隨即收(shou)拾十五(wu)萬人(ren)馬,全(quan)部歸(gui)(gui)降了瓦崗寨(zhai)(zhai)。
因此,后來就從這(zhe)個(ge)故事中把“七竅生煙”這(zhe)句話(hua)引用為(wei)成語,形容一個(ge)人氣憤到了(le)極點(dian)。