《禽(qin)經》是傳為春(chun)秋時師曠撰鳥類(lei)書，全文三(san)千余(yu)字，是作者在參閱前人有(you)關鳥類(lei)著(zhu)述的基礎上(shang)，總(zong)結了(le)宋代以前的鳥類(lei)知識，包(bao)括(kuo)命(ming)名、形態、種類(lei)、生(sheng)活習(xi)性、生(sheng)態等內(nei)容。盡管(guan)其體例結構簡(jian)單，內(nei)容也稍嫌粗(cu)糙，但作為我(wo)國早期的鳥類(lei)志，仍有(you)其較大的意義(yi)。
《禽經(jing)》一(yi)卷(juan)，舊本題師曠撰。晉(jin)張(zhang)華(hua)(hua)注(zhu)。漢、隋、唐(tang)諸志(zhi)及(ji)宋《崇文總(zong)目》皆不(bu)著(zhu)錄。其引(yin)用自(zi)陸(lu)佃《埤(pi)雅》始，其稱師曠亦自(zi)佃始。其稱張(zhang)華(hua)(hua)注(zhu)則(ze)見於左圭《百川學海》所刻。考(kao)書中(zhong)鷓(zhe)鴣一(yi)條，稱晉(jin)安曰懷南，江右曰逐隱，春秋時安有是(shi)地名(ming)？其偽不(bu)待辨。張(zhang)華(hua)(hua)晉(jin)人，而注(zhu)引(yin)顧野王《瑞應圖(tu)》、任昉《述異記》，乃及(ji)見梁代之書，則(ze)注(zhu)之偽亦不(bu)待辨。然(ran)其中(zhong)又有偽中(zhong)之偽。
考王(wang)茂(mao)《野(ye)客叢書》，載《埤雅(ya)》諸書所引，而(er)茂(mao)時之本無之者(zhe)，如鶴以怨(yuan)望，鴟以貪(tan)顧，雞以睨視，鴨以怒視，雀以猜懼，燕以狂(kuang)，鶯(ying)以喜(xi)囀，烏(wu)以悲啼，鳶以饑鳴(ming)，鶴以潔唳(li)，梟以兇叫，鴟以愁嘯，鵝(e)飛則(ze)(ze)蜮(yu)沉，鵙鳴(ming)則(ze)(ze)蚓(yin)結，鵲俯(fu)鳴(ming)則(ze)(ze)陰，仰(yang)鳴(ming)則(ze)(ze)晴，陸生之鴸多(duo)銳而(er)善(shan)(shan)啄，水(shui)生之鴸多(duo)圓而(er)善(shan)(shan)唼，短腳者(zhe)多(duo)伏，長(chang)腳者(zhe)多(duo)立，凡數十(shi)條。是茂(mao)所見者(zhe)非北宋之本。又茂(mao)書中辨(bian)(bian)鶯(ying)遷(qian)一條，引《禽經(jing)》鶯(ying)鳴(ming)嚶(ying)嚶(ying)。辨(bian)(bian)杜(du)詩白鷗(ou)沒(mei)浩蕩(dang)一條，引《禽經(jing)》鳧(fu)善(shan)(shan)沒(mei)，鷗(ou)善(shan)(shan)浮。辨(bian)(bian)葉夢得詞睡起啼鶯(ying)語(yu)(yu)一條，引《禽經(jing)》啼鶯(ying)解(jie)語(yu)(yu)，流(liu)鶯(ying)不解(jie)語(yu)(yu)。今本又無之。
馬驌《繹史(shi)》全(quan)錄此書，而(er)(er)別取(qu)《埤雅》、《爾雅翼(yi)》所(suo)引今(jin)(jin)本(ben)(ben)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)載者(zhe)，附錄於(wu)末，謂(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)《古(gu)禽(qin)經(jing)》。今(jin)(jin)考所(suo)載茂已稱《禽(qin)經(jing)》無(wu)(wu)(wu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)文者(zhe)凡(fan)三條(tiao)，其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)馀尚(shang)有(you)(you)青鳳(feng)(feng)謂(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)鶡，赤(chi)鳳(feng)(feng)謂(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)鶉，黃鳳(feng)(feng)謂(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)焉，白鳳(feng)(feng)謂(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)肅，紫鳳(feng)(feng)謂(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)鷟，鶴(he)(he)愛陰(yin)而(er)(er)惡陽，雁愛陽而(er)(er)惡陰(yin)，鶴(he)(he)老則(ze)(ze)(ze)聲下(xia)而(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)高，近而(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)尞(liao)旅，旋(xuan)目其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)名(ming)，方目其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)名(ming)，交目其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)名(ming)鳽，鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)小而(er)(er)鷙(zhi)者(zhe)皆(jie)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)隼，大而(er)(er)鷙(zhi)者(zhe)皆(jie)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)鳩，烏鳴(ming)(ming)(ming)啞(ya)啞(ya)，鸞鳴(ming)(ming)(ming)噰噰，鳳(feng)(feng)鳴(ming)(ming)(ming)喈喈，凰鳴(ming)(ming)(ming)啾啾，雉鳴(ming)(ming)(ming)嘒嘒，雞鳴(ming)(ming)(ming)咿(yi)咿(yi)，鸎(ying)鳴(ming)(ming)(ming)嚶(ying)嚶(ying)，鵲鳴(ming)(ming)(ming)唶(jie)唶(jie)，鴨鳴(ming)(ming)(ming)呷呷，鵠(hu)鳴(ming)(ming)(ming)哠哠，鵙鳴(ming)(ming)(ming)嗅嗅，卻近翠者(zhe)能(neng)步，卻近蒲者(zhe)能(neng)擲(zhi)，朱鳶(yuan)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)攫(jue)肉，朱鷺不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)吞腥，摯好(hao)(hao)風，好(hao)(hao)雨，鷞好(hao)(hao)霜(shuang)，鷺好(hao)(hao)露，陸鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)棲(qi)，水(shui)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)宿，獨鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)止，眾鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)集，鵝見(jian)異類差翅鳴(ming)(ming)(ming)，雞見(jian)同類拊翼(yi)鳴(ming)(ming)(ming)，鵻(zhui)上(shang)無(wu)(wu)(wu)尋，鷚上(shang)無(wu)(wu)(wu)常，雉上(shang)有(you)(you)丈，鷃上(shang)有(you)(you)赤(chi)，暮鳩鳴(ming)(ming)(ming)即(ji)小雨，朝(chao)鳶(yuan)鳴(ming)(ming)(ming)即(ji)大風，鸇(zhan)鸇(zhan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)信不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)如(ru)(ru)鷹(ying)(ying)，周(zhou)周(zhou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)智(zhi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)如(ru)(ru)鴻，淘河在(zai)(zai)岸則(ze)(ze)(ze)魚(yu)沒，沸(fei)河在(zai)(zai)岸則(ze)(ze)(ze)魚(yu)涌，雕(diao)(diao)以(yi)(yi)(yi)周(zhou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，鷲以(yi)(yi)(yi)就之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，鷹(ying)(ying)以(yi)(yi)(yi)膺之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，鶻(gu)(gu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)搰之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，隼以(yi)(yi)(yi)尹之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，鴻雁愛力，遇(yu)風迅舉，孔雀愛毛，遇(yu)雨高止，雁曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)翁，雞曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)鶉，鶉曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)鷹(ying)(ying)，鷹(ying)(ying)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)擊伏，鶻(gu)(gu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)擊妊(ren)，一鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)隹，二鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)雔，三鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)朋，四鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)乘，五鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)，六鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)鶂，七鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)，八鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)鸞，九鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)鳩，十鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)，拙(zhuo)者(zhe)莫如(ru)(ru)鳩，巧(qiao)者(zhe)莫如(ru)(ru)鶻(gu)(gu)，鵲見(jian)蛇則(ze)(ze)(ze)噪而(er)(er)賁(bi)，孔見(jian)蛇則(ze)(ze)(ze)宛而(er)(er)躍(yue)，山禽(qin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)味多(duo)短，水(shui)禽(qin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)味多(duo)長，山禽(qin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)尾(wei)多(duo)修，水(shui)禽(qin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)尾(wei)多(duo)促，衡為雀，虛(xu)為燕，火為鷮，亢為鶴(he)(he)，鸛生三子一為鶴(he)(he)，鳩生三子一為鶚(e)，鷹(ying)(ying)好(hao)(hao)峙，隼好(hao)(hao)翔，鳧好(hao)(hao)沒，鷗好(hao)(hao)浮(fu)，乾車斷舌則(ze)(ze)(ze)坐(zuo)歌(ge)，孔雀拍尾(wei)則(ze)(ze)(ze)立舞(wu)，人(ren)勝(sheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)，鸞入夜(ye)而(er)(er)歌(ge)，鳳(feng)(feng)入朝(chao)而(er)(er)舞(wu)，天勝(sheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)，霜(shuang)傅強枝(zhi)，鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)以(yi)(yi)(yi)武生者(zhe)少，雪封(feng)枯原，鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)以(yi)(yi)(yi)文死者(zhe)多(duo)，雀交不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)一，雉交不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)再，冠鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)性(xing)(xing)勇，帶(dai)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)性(xing)(xing)仁(ren)，纓鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)性(xing)(xing)樂，鴺鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)登山，鶮鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)踏土諸條(tiao)。其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)中有(you)(you)兩條(tiao)為茂所(suo)摘(zhai)引，馀亦不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)云(yun)無(wu)(wu)(wu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)文。則(ze)(ze)(ze)今(jin)(jin)所(suo)見(jian)者(zhe)，又非茂所(suo)見(jian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)本(ben)(ben)矣。觀雕(diao)(diao)以(yi)(yi)(yi)周(zhou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)諸語，全(quan)類《字說》，疑即(ji)傳王氏學(xue)者(zhe)所(suo)偽作，故(gu)陸佃取(qu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。此本(ben)(ben)為左圭(gui)《百川(chuan)學(xue)海》所(suo)載，則(ze)(ze)(ze)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)偽當在(zai)(zai)南(nan)宋之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)末，流傳已數百年(nian)。文士往往引用。姑存備考，固亦無(wu)(wu)(wu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)也(ye)。
精靈世界 
