中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)共(gong)產黨領導全國(guo)(guo)(guo)各族人(ren)民(min)(min),推翻了(le)壓(ya)(ya)在人(ren)民(min)(min)頭上的帝國(guo)(guo)(guo)主(zhu)義(yi)、封建主(zhu)義(yi)和官僚資本主(zhu)義(yi)三座大(da)山,取得新民(min)(min)主(zhu)主(zhu)義(yi)革命的勝利并(bing)建立(li)了(le)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)華人(ren)民(min)(min)共(gong)和國(guo)(guo)(guo),新中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)的成立(li),開辟了(le)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)歷(li)史的新紀(ji)元,從此,中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)結束了(le)一百多年(nian)來(lai)(lai)被(bei)(bei)侵略被(bei)(bei)奴役的屈(qu)辱歷(li)史,真正成為了(le)獨立(li)自主(zhu)的國(guo)(guo)(guo)家,中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)人(ren)民(min)(min)從此站起來(lai)(lai)了(le),成為國(guo)(guo)(guo)家的主(zhu)人(ren)。壯大(da)了(le)世(shi)界和平、民(min)(min)主(zhu)和社會主(zhu)義(yi)的力量,鼓舞了(le)世(shi)界被(bei)(bei)壓(ya)(ya)迫民(min)(min)族和被(bei)(bei)壓(ya)(ya)迫人(ren)民(min)(min)爭(zheng)取解放的斗爭(zheng)。
1948年4月底,中(zhong)共中(zhong)央在發表紀念“五一(yi)”勞動節的(de)(de)口號中(zhong),發出召(zhao)開新(xin)的(de)(de)政治協(xie)(xie)商會(hui)議,成立民(min)主(zhu)聯(lian)合政府的(de)(de)號召(zhao),當即得到了各(ge)(ge)民(min)主(zhu)黨(dang)派、各(ge)(ge)人(ren)民(min)團體(ti)、海(hai)外華(hua)僑團體(ti)和無(wu)黨(dang)派民(min)主(zhu)人(ren)士(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)熱烈響應。他們通電認為(wei),中(zhong)共的(de)(de)號召(zhao),“適合人(ren)民(min)時勢之要求,尤符(fu)同(tong)人(ren)等之本(ben)旨(zhi)”。“事(shi)關國(guo)家民(min)族前途,至為(wei)重要。全國(guo)人(ren)士(shi)(shi)自宜迅速集中(zhong)意(yi)志(zhi),研討辦(ban)法(fa),以期根絕反(fan)動,實現民(min)主(zhu)。”從1948年8月起,各(ge)(ge)民(min)主(zhu)黨(dang)派和無(wu)黨(dang)派人(ren)士(shi)(shi)陸續離開香港和南方大(da)城市北(bei)(bei)上,進入東北(bei)(bei)和華(hua)北(bei)(bei)解放區(qu),“愿(yuan)在中(zhong)共領導(dao)下獻其綿薄”,同(tong)中(zhong)國(guo)共產(chan)黨(dang)一(yi)起進行(xing)新(xin)政治協(xie)(xie)商會(hui)議的(de)(de)籌備工作(zuo)。
1949年10月(yue)(yue)9日(ri)(ri)在政(zheng)協全國(guo)委(wei)(wei)員(yuan)會(hui)(hui)第(di)一次會(hui)(hui)議(yi)(yi)上,通過了由(you)許(xu)廣平(ping)代馬敘倫(中國(guo)民主促進(jin)會(hui)(hui)主席)提出(chu)的以10月(yue)(yue)1日(ri)(ri)為中華人民共和國(guo)國(guo)慶(qing)日(ri)(ri)的建議(yi)(yi)。12月(yue)(yue)2日(ri)(ri),中央人民政(zheng)府委(wei)(wei)員(yuan)會(hui)(hui)第(di)四(si)次會(hui)(hui)議(yi)(yi)采(cai)納了這一建議(yi)(yi),并作出(chu)正(zheng)式決定。
1949年6月(yue)(yue)15日至19日,在北平中南海勤(qin)政(zheng)殿(dian)召(zhao)開(kai)新(xin)政(zheng)治(zhi)協(xie)商(shang)會(hui)(hui)議籌(chou)備(bei)(bei)會(hui)(hui)第一次(ci)會(hui)(hui)議,有23個單位,134人參加。籌(chou)備(bei)(bei)會(hui)(hui)選舉了(le)(le)它的常(chang)務(wu)委員(yuan)(yuan)會(hui)(hui),毛(mao)澤東為常(chang)務(wu)委員(yuan)(yuan)會(hui)(hui)主任(ren),副(fu)主任(ren)是周(zhou)恩來、李濟深、沈鈞儒、郭沫若、陳叔(shu)通。籌(chou)備(bei)(bei)會(hui)(hui)的任(ren)務(wu)是完成召(zhao)開(kai)新(xin)政(zheng)治(zhi)協(xie)商(shang)會(hui)(hui)議的各項必(bi)要的準備(bei)(bei)工(gong)作。常(chang)務(wu)委員(yuan)(yuan)會(hui)(hui)下設6個小組分頭開(kai)展工(gong)作。9月(yue)(yue)17日,召(zhao)開(kai)了(le)(le)籌(chou)備(bei)(bei)會(hui)(hui)第二次(ci)會(hui)(hui)議。這(zhe)次(ci)會(hui)(hui)議一致決定將新(xin)政(zheng)治(zhi)協(xie)商(shang)會(hui)(hui)議正式定名為“中國(guo)人民政(zheng)治(zhi)協(xie)商(shang)會(hui)(hui)議”。
1950年(nian)(nian)10月(yue)上半月(yue),中(zhong)共(gong)中(zhong)央政治(zhi)局在毛(mao)澤東主持(chi)下(xia),多(duo)次召開(kai)會(hui)議,全面(mian)深入(ru)地分析(xi)了(le)(le)當時(shi)的(de)形勢,充分估計了(le)(le)各方面(mian)的(de)困難,從(cong)挽救朝(chao)(chao)鮮危局、保衛我國(guo)安全和維護世(shi)界和平(ping)、促進人(ren)(ren)類進步事業(ye)這一(yi)根本(ben)立場出(chu)發,毅然(ran)作(zuo)(zuo)出(chu)了(le)(le)抗(kang)美(mei)援(yuan)朝(chao)(chao)、保家衛國(guo)的(de)戰略(lve)決策,決心克(ke)服(fu)一(yi)切困難,組(zu)織中(zhong)國(guo)人(ren)(ren)民志愿(yuan)軍開(kai)赴朝(chao)(chao)鮮戰場,同朝(chao)(chao)鮮人(ren)(ren)民一(yi)起反擊(ji)美(mei)國(guo)侵(qin)略(lve)者。“中(zhong)央軍委決定(ding)先(xian)著(zhu)東北(bei)邊防軍四(si)(si)(si)個(ge)(ge)軍十(shi)二個(ge)(ge)師(shi)出(chu)動參戰,爾后再抽調七(qi)個(ge)(ge)軍二十(shi)四(si)(si)(si)個(ge)(ge)師(shi)作(zuo)(zuo)為第(di)(di)二批及第(di)(di)三批兵力(li),逐(zhu)步投(tou)入(ru)作(zuo)(zuo)戰。”10月(yue)25日(ri),第(di)(di)四(si)(si)(si)十(shi)軍一(yi)一(yi)八師(shi)三五四(si)(si)(si)團在溫井以(yi)北(bei)的(de)豐下(xia)洞(dong)至兩(liang)水(shui)洞(dong)之間(jian)與敵第(di)(di)六(liu)師(shi)第(di)(di)三營相遇,將(jiang)其(qi)殲滅(mie),揭開(kai)了(le)(le)抗(kang)美(mei)援(yuan)朝(chao)(chao)的(de)序幕。1950年(nian)(nian)10月(yue)25日(ri),便成了(le)(le)中(zhong)國(guo)人(ren)(ren)民志愿(yuan)軍抗(kang)美(mei)援(yuan)朝(chao)(chao)紀念日(ri)。在三年(nian)(nian)戰爭中(zhong),中(zhong)朝(chao)(chao)人(ren)(ren)民軍隊共(gong)殲滅(mie)敵人(ren)(ren)一(yi)百(bai)零九萬余人(ren)(ren),擊(ji)落擊(ji)傷敵機一(yi)萬二千多(duo)架(jia),擊(ji)毀擊(ji)傷敵人(ren)(ren)坦克(ke)二千六(liu)百(bai)九十(shi)多(duo)輛,擊(ji)毀敵人(ren)(ren)其(qi)他各種武器以(yi)及繳獲其(qi)他作(zuo)(zuo)戰物資無數。
新中國(guo)成(cheng)(cheng)立后(hou)繼續進行土(tu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)改(gai)革(ge)(ge)(ge),沒收(shou)封(feng)(feng)建(jian)(jian)(jian)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)主(zhu)(zhu)階(jie)級(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)土(tu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)歸農(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)所有(you),這是繼續完成(cheng)(cheng)民(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)革(ge)(ge)(ge)命遺留的(de)(de)(de)(de)任務(wu)。新中國(guo)成(cheng)(cheng)立時(shi),全國(guo)擁(yong)有(you)三(san)億(yi)多人(ren)口的(de)(de)(de)(de)新解(jie)(jie)放(fang)(fang)區(qu)還沒有(you)進行土(tu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)改(gai)革(ge)(ge)(ge)。封(feng)(feng)建(jian)(jian)(jian)剝(bo)削(xue)(xue)的(de)(de)(de)(de)土(tu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)制(zhi)度,不僅使(shi)廣大(da)(da)(da)貧雇(gu)農(nong)(nong)(nong)遭受殘(can)酷(ku)的(de)(de)(de)(de)封(feng)(feng)建(jian)(jian)(jian)剝(bo)削(xue)(xue)和(he)(he)(he)(he)壓(ya)迫(po),也(ye)嚴重(zhong)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)束(shu)縛(fu)農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)生產(chan)(chan)力(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)解(jie)(jie)放(fang)(fang)。為廢除(chu)封(feng)(feng)建(jian)(jian)(jian)剝(bo)削(xue)(xue)制(zhi)度,解(jie)(jie)放(fang)(fang)農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)生產(chan)(chan)力(li),為了(le)(le)(le)使(shi)廣大(da)(da)(da)貧雇(gu)農(nong)(nong)(nong)從(cong)(cong)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)主(zhu)(zhu)階(jie)級(ji)統治、壓(ya)迫(po)下解(jie)(jie)放(fang)(fang)出來,必(bi)須進行土(tu)改(gai)。在人(ren)民(min)(min)解(jie)(jie)放(fang)(fang)戰爭期間,黨制(zhi)定了(le)(le)(le)《中國(guo)土(tu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)法(fa)大(da)(da)(da)綱》,在東(dong)北、華(hua)北等老解(jie)(jie)放(fang)(fang)區(qu)進行土(tu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)改(gai)革(ge)(ge)(ge)。那(nei)時(shi)我國(guo)已有(you)一(yi)(yi)億(yi)多人(ren)口的(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)區(qu)實(shi)行了(le)(le)(le)土(tu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)改(gai)革(ge)(ge)(ge)。新中國(guo)成(cheng)(cheng)立后(hou),1950年6月,中央人(ren)民(min)(min)政(zheng)府(fu)通過頒布(bu)《中華(hua)人(ren)民(min)(min)共和(he)(he)(he)(he)國(guo)土(tu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)改(gai)革(ge)(ge)(ge)法(fa)》,并(bing)從(cong)(cong)當(dang)年冬開始在華(hua)東(dong)、中南、西南、西北等廣大(da)(da)(da)新解(jie)(jie)放(fang)(fang)區(qu)實(shi)行土(tu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)改(gai)革(ge)(ge)(ge),沒收(shou)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)主(zhu)(zhu)階(jie)級(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)土(tu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di),分給無(wu)(wu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)和(he)(he)(he)(he)少(shao)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)(min),廢除(chu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)主(zhu)(zhu)階(jie)級(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)封(feng)(feng)建(jian)(jian)(jian)土(tu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)所有(you)制(zhi),實(shi)行農(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)的(de)(de)(de)(de)土(tu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)所有(you)制(zhi)。到(dao)1952年冬,除(chu)一(yi)(yi)部分少(shao)數民(min)(min)族地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)區(qu)和(he)(he)(he)(he)臺灣省外,全國(guo)土(tu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)改(gai)革(ge)(ge)(ge)基(ji)本完成(cheng)(cheng)。全國(guo)三(san)億(yi)多無(wu)(wu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)或(huo)少(shao)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)分到(dao)了(le)(le)(le)大(da)(da)(da)約4600萬公頃(qing)土(tu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)和(he)(he)(he)(he)大(da)(da)(da)量的(de)(de)(de)(de)生產(chan)(chan)資料。土(tu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)改(gai)革(ge)(ge)(ge)的(de)(de)(de)(de)偉(wei)大(da)(da)(da)意(yi)義:徹底廢除(chu)了(le)(le)(le)兩千多年來的(de)(de)(de)(de)封(feng)(feng)建(jian)(jian)(jian)剝(bo)削(xue)(xue)制(zhi)度,消(xiao)滅了(le)(le)(le)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)主(zhu)(zhu)階(jie)級(ji);農(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)成(cheng)(cheng)為土(tu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)(zhu)人(ren),在政(zheng)治、經(jing)濟上(shang)翻(fan)了(le)(le)(le)身(shen),這就使(shi)中國(guo)最(zui)大(da)(da)(da)多數人(ren)民(min)(min)獲(huo)得了(le)(le)(le)解(jie)(jie)放(fang)(fang);解(jie)(jie)放(fang)(fang)了(le)(le)(le)生產(chan)(chan)力(li),農(nong)(nong)(nong)業生產(chan)(chan)迅速發展;土(tu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)改(gai)革(ge)(ge)(ge)運動(dong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)勝(sheng)利,摧毀了(le)(le)(le)帝(di)國(guo)主(zhu)(zhu)義和(he)(he)(he)(he)蔣介石國(guo)民(min)(min)黨集(ji)團(tuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)社會基(ji)礎,鞏固(gu)了(le)(le)(le)工農(nong)(nong)(nong)聯盟,進一(yi)(yi)步鞏固(gu)了(le)(le)(le)人(ren)民(min)(min)民(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)專(zhuan)政(zheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)國(guo)家政(zheng)權,并(bing)為社會主(zhu)(zhu)義改(gai)造和(he)(he)(he)(he)社會主(zhu)(zhu)義建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)創造了(le)(le)(le)有(you)利條件。
美(mei)帝國(guo)(guo)主(zhu)義間諜李(li)安東(dong)、山(shan)口(kou)隆一等在(zai)美(mei)國(guo)(guo)戰略情(qing)報局、東(dong)京(jing)美(mei)國(guo)(guo)占領(ling)軍(jun)總(zong)部和(he)前美(mei)國(guo)(guo)駐華大(da)使(shi)館(guan)北京(jing)武(wu)官處的(de)策劃和(he)指揮下,繪制了天安門(men)形勢圖(tu),準備在(zai)1950年(nian)我(wo)國(guo)(guo)國(guo)(guo)慶大(da)典時(shi),用“六○”迫擊炮炮擊天安門(men)城樓,殺害黨和(he)國(guo)(guo)家領(ling)導(dao)人。這一罪惡陰謀(mou),于(yu)1950年(nian)9月(yue)26日被我(wo)公安機關破獲(huo),未能(neng)得逞。1951年(nian)8月(yue)17日,北京(jing)市軍(jun)管會軍(jun)法處對7名陰謀(mou)武(wu)裝暴動的(de)美(mei)國(guo)(guo)間諜進行判決(jue)。其中(zhong)主(zhu)犯李(li)安東(dong)(意大(da)利人)、山(shan)口(kou)隆一(日本(ben)人)被判處死刑(xing),并于(yu)當(dang)日下午5時(shi)執行槍(qiang)決(jue)。
從1950年(nian)10月開始,一場(chang)大(da)(da)規模的(de)鎮(zhen)壓反(fan)革(ge)(ge)命運(yun)動(dong)(dong)(dong)在全國展開。1951年(nian)2月,中央人民(min)(min)政(zheng)府頒布了(le)《中華人民(min)(min)共和國懲治反(fan)革(ge)(ge)命條例(li)》,使鎮(zhen)壓運(yun)動(dong)(dong)(dong)有了(le)法律的(de)武器和量刑的(de)標準。這場(chang)運(yun)動(dong)(dong)(dong)貫(guan)徹“鎮(zhen)壓與寬大(da)(da)相結(jie)合”的(de)政(zheng)策,重點(dian)是打(da)擊土匪(fei)(匪(fei)首(shou)、慣匪(fei))、特務、惡霸、反(fan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)黨(dang)團骨干和反(fan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)會道門頭子,對罪大(da)(da)惡極(ji)的(de)反(fan)革(ge)(ge)命首(shou)要分(fen)子實行堅決鎮(zhen)壓。到1952年(nian)底,鎮(zhen)壓反(fan)革(ge)(ge)命運(yun)動(dong)(dong)(dong)勝(sheng)利結(jie)束,全國出(chu)現(xian)了(le)前所未有的(de)安定局(ju)面,人民(min)(min)民(min)(min)主政(zheng)權得以鞏固。
1953年(nian)7月27日,《朝鮮停(ting)戰(zhan)協(xie)定(ding)》在板門店正式簽(qian)字(zi)(zi)。聯合(he)國(guo)軍(jun)代(dai)表(biao)美國(guo)陸軍(jun)中將(jiang)哈(ha)利遜在《朝鮮停(ting)戰(zhan)協(xie)定(ding)》上簽(qian)字(zi)(zi)后,送給聯合(he)國(guo)軍(jun)總司(si)令美國(guo)陸軍(jun)上將(jiang)克(ke)拉克(ke)簽(qian)字(zi)(zi)。本圖是克(ke)拉克(ke)在《朝鮮停(ting)戰(zhan)協(xie)定(ding)》上簽(qian)字(zi)(zi)。克(ke)拉克(ke)在回憶錄中說:他是美國(guo)“歷(li)史上第(di)一個(ge)在沒有勝利的停(ting)戰(zhan)協(xie)定(ding)上簽(qian)字(zi)(zi)的美國(guo)司(si)令官”。
1949年(nian)10月1日,北京30萬群眾齊集天安門(men)廣場,隆重舉行開(kai)國(guo)大典。毛澤東在(zai)天安門(men)城樓上向全世界莊(zhuang)嚴宣告:中華人(ren)民(min)共和國(guo)中央人(ren)民(min)政府今天成立了。
中(zhong)華人(ren)民共和國成(cheng)立(li)后,中(zhong)國共產黨(dang)成(cheng)為全國范圍的執(zhi)政黨(dang)。她(ta)依靠各(ge)族(zu)人(ren)民,發揚獨立(li)自主、自力(li)更生、艱苦奮斗的精神,醫治戰爭(zheng)創傷,恢復國民經濟,建(jian)立(li)社會主義制度,進行(xing)大規模的經濟建(jian)設,并取得(de)了巨大成(cheng)就:一個初步繁榮昌(chang)盛的中(zhong)國呈(cheng)現在世界面前。
歷史已經證明:沒有(you)(you)中(zhong)國(guo)共產黨,就沒有(you)(you)新(xin)中(zhong)國(guo),就沒有(you)(you)中(zhong)國(guo)的社會主義現代(dai)化。