《拜(bai)(bai)月(yue)亭》也稱(cheng)(cheng)《王瑞(rui)(rui)蘭(lan)閨怨(yuan)拜(bai)(bai)月(yue)亭》《蔣(jiang)(jiang)世(shi)隆(long)(long)(long)拜(bai)(bai)月(yue)亭》元(yuan)·關漢(han)卿作。主要寫書(shu)生蔣(jiang)(jiang)世(shi)隆(long)(long)(long)與王瑞(rui)(rui)蘭(lan)在兵荒馬亂時候的離合(he)故(gu)事。共四折一楔子(zi)。戰亂逃(tao)亡之(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong)(zhong),王瑞(rui)(rui)蘭(lan)與母(mu)(mu)親失(shi)散(san)(san),書(shu)生蔣(jiang)(jiang)世(shi)隆(long)(long)(long)也與妹(mei)瑞(rui)(rui)蓮(lian)失(shi)散(san)(san)。世(shi)隆(long)(long)(long)與瑞(rui)(rui)蘭(lan)相遇(yu),共同(tong)(tong)逃(tao)難(nan)中(zhong)(zhong)產生感情,私下結為夫(fu)婦(fu)。瑞(rui)(rui)蓮(lian)則與瑞(rui)(rui)蘭(lan)的母(mu)(mu)親結伴同(tong)(tong)行(xing)。瑞(rui)(rui)蘭(lan)的父親偶然在客(ke)店遇(yu)到瑞(rui)(rui)蘭(lan),嫌棄世(shi)隆(long)(long)(long)是個窮秀才,門戶不相稱(cheng)(cheng),催(cui)逼瑞(rui)(rui)蘭(lan)撇(pie)下生病的世(shi)隆(long)(long)(long),跟自己(ji)回家,在路上(shang)又與老妻(qi)及瑞(rui)(rui)蓮(lian)相遇(yu)。瑞(rui)(rui)蘭(lan)一直惦念著世(shi)隆(long)(long)(long),焚香拜(bai)(bai)月(yue),禱祝世(shi)隆(long)(long)(long)平安(an),心事被瑞(rui)(rui)蓮(lian)撞破。二(er)人得知情由,姐妹(mei)之(zhi)(zhi)外(wai)又成姑嫂,愈加親密(mi)。蔣(jiang)(jiang)世(shi)隆(long)(long)(long)與逃(tao)難(nan)途中(zhong)(zhong)的結義(yi)兄(xiong)弟分別(bie)高中(zhong)(zhong)文武狀元(yuan),被勢(shi)利的瑞(rui)(rui)蘭(lan)之(zhi)(zhi)父招(zhao)為女婿。世(shi)隆(long)(long)(long)與瑞(rui)(rui)蘭(lan)相見,知她情貞,夫(fu)妻(qi)終(zhong)于團聚。瑞(rui)(rui)蓮(lian)則與世(shi)隆(long)(long)(long)的結義(yi)兄(xiong)弟成婚。
金(jin)國兵部尚(shang)書王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)鎮,在(zai)(zai)(zai)蒙古軍(jun)進(jin)攻(gong)金(jin)國都城中(zhong)都時(shi),奉(feng)命前(qian)往(wang)前(qian)線(xian)視(shi)察軍(jun)情。他的(de)(de)女(nv)兒(er)(er)(er)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)瑞(rui)(rui)(rui)蘭(lan)(lan)和(he)(he)(he)母(mu)親為王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)鎮送行,希望父親速去早(zao)回。不(bu)(bu)久(jiu),王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)瑞(rui)(rui)(rui)蘭(lan)(lan)和(he)(he)(he)母(mu)親出都避(bi)亂,“秋風颯(sa)颯(sa),暮雨(yu)凄凄”,“一(yi)(yi)(yi)點雨(yu)間一(yi)(yi)(yi)行恓惶淚,一(yi)(yi)(yi)陣風對(dui)一(yi)(yi)(yi)聲(sheng)長(chang)吁(yu)氣”,“上面(mian)風雨(yu),下(xia)面(mian)泥水”,“一(yi)(yi)(yi)對(dui)繡鞋兒(er)(er)(er)分(fen)不(bu)(bu)得幫和(he)(he)(he)底(di),稠(chou)緊(jin)緊(jin)粘糯(nuo)糯(nuo)帶著漩泥。”一(yi)(yi)(yi)時(shi),哨(shao)兵趕上來(lai),王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)瑞(rui)(rui)(rui)蘭(lan)(lan)母(mu)子被沖散(san)。混亂中(zhong),瑞(rui)(rui)(rui)蘭(lan)(lan)聽(ting)見(jian)(jian)有(you)人連(lian)叫(jiao)三聲(sheng)自(zi)己的(de)(de)名字(zi)(zi),上前(qian)一(yi)(yi)(yi)看,原(yuan)來(lai)是(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)個秀(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)才。這(zhe)秀(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)才名叫(jiao)蔣世隆(long)(long),他與(yu)妹妹瑞(rui)(rui)(rui)蓮(lian)失散(san),“瑞(rui)(rui)(rui)蓮(lian)”與(yu)“瑞(rui)(rui)(rui)蘭(lan)(lan)”相近,王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)瑞(rui)(rui)(rui)蘭(lan)(lan)誤以(yi)(yi)為秀(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)才叫(jiao)她。王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)瑞(rui)(rui)(rui)蘭(lan)(lan)這(zhe)個受(shou)封建教養很(hen)深的(de)(de)大家(jia)(jia)(jia)閨秀(xiu)(xiu)(xiu),在(zai)(zai)(zai)家(jia)(jia)(jia)時(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)聽(ting)說“女(nv)婿”兩字(zi)(zi),“早(zao)豁地離(li)了(le)坐位,悄地低了(le)咽頸,缊地紅了(le)面(mian)皮”。現在(zai)(zai)(zai)顧不(bu)(bu)得“羞(xiu)和(he)(he)(he)恥”,愿與(yu)世隆(long)(long)結伴同(tong)行,以(yi)(yi)兄妹相稱。世隆(long)(long)說明亂軍(jun)擄掠(lve)單身婦(fu)女(nv),“有(you)兒(er)(er)(er)夫的(de)(de)不(bu)(bu)擄掠(lve)”。王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)瑞(rui)(rui)(rui)蘭(lan)(lan)只好答應:“不(bu)(bu)問(wen)時(shi)權做(zuo)弟兄,問(wen)著后道做(zuo)夫妻。”在(zai)(zai)(zai)避(bi)難時(shi)受(shou)過世隆(long)(long)幫助、與(yu)世隆(long)(long)結為兄弟的(de)(de)陀滿興福,在(zai)(zai)(zai)山寨落草做(zuo)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang),遇(yu)見(jian)(jian)來(lai)山寨附近的(de)(de)世隆(long)(long)與(yu)瑞(rui)(rui)(rui)蘭(lan)(lan),勸世隆(long)(long)留在(zai)(zai)(zai)山寨。王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)瑞(rui)(rui)(rui)蘭(lan)(lan)一(yi)(yi)(yi)見(jian)(jian)蔣世隆(long)(long)與(yu)“盜寇”稱兄道弟,本來(lai)心中(zhong)就很(hen)不(bu)(bu)高興,見(jian)(jian)蔣世隆(long)(long)與(yu)興福飲(yin)酒歡(huan)談(tan),便責備世隆(long)(long)“為那筆尖上發祿晚,見(jian)(jian)這(zhe)刀刃上變錢疾”,“待風高學放火,月黑做(zuo)強賊”。最后,她與(yu)世隆(long)(long)“佯做(zuo)個一(yi)(yi)(yi)家(jia)(jia)(jia)一(yi)(yi)(yi)計,且(qie)著這(zhe)脫身術謾過這(zhe)打家(jia)(jia)(jia)賊”,總算和(he)(he)(he)世隆(long)(long)一(yi)(yi)(yi)起離(li)開了(le)興福稱王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)的(de)(de)山寨。
世(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)隆(long)(long)(long)與瑞(rui)(rui)蘭(lan)(lan)在旅店(dian)里成(cheng)了(le)婚,不(bu)(bu)意(yi)世(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)隆(long)(long)(long)染病(bing),瑞(rui)(rui)蘭(lan)(lan)為(wei)他(ta)盡心(xin)護理(li),請醫調(diao)治。恰(qia)巧王鎮(zhen)路過旅店(dian),父女相認(ren),瑞(rui)(rui)蘭(lan)(lan)向父親(qin)苦訴戰亂發生后,家(jia)業拋撇,人口逃(tao)亡,母(mu)女失散,天各一方的(de)(de)(de)遭遇。瑞(rui)(rui)蘭(lan)(lan)又向父親(qin)說(shuo)(shuo)明:因為(wei)在兵亂中無(wu)倚無(wu)靠,多得蔣世(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)隆(long)(long)(long)幫助,自(zi)(zi)己(ji)已(yi)招他(ta)為(wei)婿(xu)了(le)。王鎮(zhen)一看女婿(xu)是個窮秀(xiu)才,非常生氣;“窮秀(xiu)才幾(ji)時有發跡!”避難中的(de)(de)(de)瑞(rui)(rui)蘭(lan)(lan)本來希望得到些(xie)“春光艷陽,東風和暢”,沒想到“刬地凍剝剝的(de)(de)(de)雪上加(jia)霜,無(wu)些(xie)情腸”。王鎮(zhen)不(bu)(bu)顧(gu)世(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)隆(long)(long)(long)生命(ming)垂(chui)危,不(bu)(bu)顧(gu)瑞(rui)(rui)蘭(lan)(lan)感嘆悲傷,毫無(wu)哀憐憫(min)恤之意(yi),強拉(la)瑞(rui)(rui)蘭(lan)(lan)離開世(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)隆(long)(long)(long)。瑞(rui)(rui)蘭(lan)(lan)不(bu)(bu)好違(wei)抗(kang)嚴父之命(ming),只好請求(qiu)父親(qin)容她(ta)向關(guan)鍵時刻有恩于自(zi)(zi)己(ji)的(de)(de)(de)世(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)隆(long)(long)(long)說(shuo)(shuo)幾(ji)句(ju)臨別話。她(ta)要世(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)隆(long)(long)(long)好生保(bao)重(zhong),向世(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)隆(long)(long)(long)解釋道:“兀的(de)(de)(de)這是俺(an)親(qin)爺的(de)(de)(de)惡儻,休(xiu)把(ba)您這妻兒(er)怨(yuan)暢”,“俺(an)這風雹亂下的(de)(de)(de)紫袍郎(lang),不(bu)(bu)識你個云(yun)雷未至的(de)(de)(de)白衣相”,她(ta)叮嚀世(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)隆(long)(long)(long)注意(yi)用藥和飲食,敘說(shuo)(shuo)離情別意(yi),保(bao)證(zheng)立志守(shou)節,等待世(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)隆(long)(long)(long):“咱(zan)兀的(de)(de)(de)做夫(fu)妻三個月時光,你莫不(bu)(bu)曾見您這歹渾(hun)家(jia)說(shuo)(shuo)個謊”。
原來蔣世(shi)隆(long)的(de)(de)(de)妹(mei)妹(mei)蔣瑞(rui)(rui)(rui)蓮(lian)(lian)與哥(ge)哥(ge)失散后,和王瑞(rui)(rui)(rui)蘭母親(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)相(xiang)識(shi),被(bei)認為(wei)(wei)義(yi)(yi)女(nv)(nv)(nv)(nv)。瑞(rui)(rui)(rui)蘭回家后,和義(yi)(yi)妹(mei)瑞(rui)(rui)(rui)蓮(lian)(lian)一(yi)起生活。她(ta)(ta)(ta)無(wu)(wu)時(shi)(shi)無(wu)(wu)刻不(bu)思念世(shi)隆(long),對父親(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)的(de)(de)(de)賺(zhuan)貧愛富、喜(xi)武厭文,很不(bu)滿意(yi)。一(yi)天她(ta)(ta)(ta)隨義(yi)(yi)妹(mei)閑(xian)(xian)行(xing)散悶,看到(dao)“荷(he)葉似花子般團園(yuan),陂塘似鏡面般瑩潔(jie)”,便(bian)想(xiang)到(dao)兒時(shi)(shi)能(neng)使自己“腹內(nei)無(wu)(wu)煩惱(nao),心(xin)中無(wu)(wu)縈惹?似這般青銅(tong)對面妝,翠鈿侵鬢貼(tie)!”瑞(rui)(rui)(rui)蓮(lian)(lian)開玩笑說(shuo)為(wei)(wei)她(ta)(ta)(ta)找個可心(xin)女(nv)(nv)(nv)(nv)婿(xu)(xu)(xu),以(yi)(yi)解心(xin)煩。她(ta)(ta)(ta)回答說(shuo):無(wu)(wu)女(nv)(nv)(nv)(nv)婿(xu)(xu)(xu)快活,有(you)(you)女(nv)(nv)(nv)(nv)婿(xu)(xu)(xu)受(shou)苦;有(you)(you)了(le)女(nv)(nv)(nv)(nv)婿(xu)(xu)(xu),“六親(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)每早(zao)是(shi)說(shuo);又道是(shi)丈夫(fu)行(xing)親(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)熱(re),爺娘行(xing)特地心(xin)別”。她(ta)(ta)(ta)心(xin)想(xiang)女(nv)(nv)(nv)(nv)婿(xu)(xu)(xu)是(shi)真(zhen)(zhen),不(bu)要女(nv)(nv)(nv)(nv)婿(xu)(xu)(xu)也(ye)(ye)是(shi)真(zhen)(zhen);她(ta)(ta)(ta)說(shuo)不(bu)要女(nv)(nv)(nv)(nv)婿(xu)(xu)(xu)以(yi)(yi)免六親(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)說(shuo)閑(xian)(xian)話是(shi)帶氣的(de)(de)(de)真(zhen)(zhen)話,是(shi)對父親(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)拆散她(ta)(ta)(ta)與世(shi)隆(long)的(de)(de)(de)不(bu)滿。把(ba)義(yi)(yi)妹(mei)打發(fa)歇息去后,她(ta)(ta)(ta)讓梅(mei)香(xiang)(xiang)安排桌幾,燒柱夜香(xiang)(xiang),遙向世(shi)隆(long)傾訴(su)心(xin)事。她(ta)(ta)(ta)第一(yi)柱香(xiang)(xiang)只(zhi)愿尊(zun)君改變(bian)主意(yi),第二柱香(xiang)(xiang)祝愿世(shi)隆(long)身體痊愈,夫(fu)婦(fu)團園(yuan),永不(bu)分離。她(ta)(ta)(ta)的(de)(de)(de)話被(bei)義(yi)(yi)妹(mei)瑞(rui)(rui)(rui)蓮(lian)(lian)聽(ting)見(jian),羞(xiu)得(de)臉紅腮(sai)熱(re),只(zhi)好把(ba)她(ta)(ta)(ta)和蔣世(shi)隆(long)結識(shi)經(jing)過告訴(su)瑞(rui)(rui)(rui)蓮(lian)(lian)。瑞(rui)(rui)(rui)蓮(lian)(lian)聽(ting)了(le)為(wei)(wei)之(zhi)啼哭,瑞(rui)(rui)(rui)蘭以(yi)(yi)為(wei)(wei)瑞(rui)(rui)(rui)蓮(lian)(lian)是(shi)世(shi)隆(long)的(de)(de)(de)“舊(jiu)妻(qi)妾”,當得(de)知(zhi)瑞(rui)(rui)(rui)蓮(lian)(lian)是(shi)世(shi)隆(long)的(de)(de)(de)親(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)妹(mei)妹(mei),眼前的(de)(de)(de)義(yi)(yi)妹(mei)就(jiu)是(shi)自己的(de)(de)(de)小姑(gu)(gu)姑(gu)(gu),自己這個姐姐就(jiu)是(shi)她(ta)(ta)(ta)的(de)(de)(de)嫂(sao)嫂(sao)時(shi)(shi),不(bu)由得(de)變(bian)悲為(wei)(wei)喜(xi),更加痛(tong)恨(hen)她(ta)(ta)(ta)那“狠(hen)爹爹”,更加思念蔣世(shi)隆(long);“沒(mei)盤纏,在店舍,有(you)(you)誰人,廝抬貼(tie)?那消疏,那凄切,生分離,廝拋(pao)撇(pie)!從相(xiang)別,恁時(shi)(shi)節,音(yin)書無(wu)(wu),信息絕。”自己“這些時(shi)(shi)眼跳腮(sai)紅耳輪熱(re),眠夢交雜不(bu)寧貼(tie)”。世(shi)隆(long)他“暑濕風寒縱較些,多被(bei)那煩惱(nao)憂愁上(shang)送(song)了(le)也(ye)(ye)”。可以(yi)(yi)看出,她(ta)(ta)(ta)與世(shi)隆(long)親(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)妹(mei)的(de)(de)(de)意(yi)外(wai)相(xiang)認,使她(ta)(ta)(ta)那無(wu)(wu)法(fa)排遣(qian)的(de)(de)(de)相(xiang)思之(zhi)情(qing)(qing)為(wei)(wei)之(zhi)緩(huan)解,但接踵而(er)來的(de)(de)(de)便(bian)是(shi)這種相(xiang)思之(zhi)情(qing)(qing)的(de)(de)(de)更加無(wu)(wu)限的(de)(de)(de)延伸。
封建勢利的(de)王(wang)鎮(zhen),為了家里將相雙全,旁人羨慕,不(bu)顧瑞(rui)(rui)蘭(lan)(lan)反對,要招(zhao)文武狀(zhuang)元(yuan)(yuan)為婿(xu),王(wang)鎮(zhen)是兵部(bu)尚書,重武輕文,讓親(qin)生女兒瑞(rui)(rui)蘭(lan)(lan)招(zhao)武狀(zhuang)元(yuan)(yuan),讓義女瑞(rui)(rui)蓮招(zhao)文狀(zhuang)元(yuan)(yuan)。瑞(rui)(rui)蘭(lan)(lan)從心里羨慕瑞(rui)(rui)蓮“貪著(zhu)個斷簡殘編,恭儉溫良好繾綣(quan)”,不(bu)滿于(yu)自(zi)己(ji)“貪著(zhu)個輕工短箭,粗豪(hao)勇猛惡因緣”。使她(ta)意料(liao)不(bu)到(dao)的(de)是,武狀(zhuang)元(yuan)(yuan)原(yuan)來是陀(tuo)滿興福,文狀(zhuang)元(yuan)(yuan)就是蔣世(shi)隆。她(ta)責怪(guai)(guai)世(shi)隆得官招(zhao)親(qin),把(ba)她(ta)拋撇,詛咒說(shuo):“虧心的(de)上(shang)有青天”。蔣世(shi)隆責怪(guai)(guai)瑞(rui)(rui)蘭(lan)(lan)食言失節,另招(zhao)佳婿(xu),把(ba)他忘懷(huai)。瑞(rui)(rui)蘭(lan)(lan)表白(bai)自(zi)己(ji)對他“情(qing)(qing)脈脈,恨綿綿”,“晝(zhou)忘飲饌夜無眠”的(de)思念之情(qing)(qing),她(ta)讓世(shi)隆于(yu)沒人處問瑞(rui)(rui)蓮,“兀(wu)那瑞(rui)(rui)蓮,便是證見”。事(shi)已至此,王(wang)鎮(zhen)只好改變計劃,讓瑞(rui)(rui)蘭(lan)(lan)與世(shi)隆團園,瑞(rui)(rui)蓮和(he)興福結合。
關(guan)漢卿(qing)(約(yue)1220年──1300年),元代雜(za)劇作家(jia)(jia)。是中國(guo)古(gu)代戲(xi)曲(qu)創(chuang)作的(de)代表人(ren)物(wu)。號(hao)已齋(一作一齋)、己齋叟(sou)。漢族,解州人(ren)(今山(shan)西(xi)省運城),關(guan)于(yu)(yu)他的(de)籍貫,還有祁州(今河北省安國(guo)縣)伍仁(ren)村、大(da)都(今北京(jing)市)人(ren),大(da)約(yue)生(sheng)于(yu)(yu)金(jin)代末年(約(yue)公元1220年前后(hou)),卒于(yu)(yu)元成宗(zong)大(da)德初年(約(yue)公元1300年前后(hou))。與(yu)馬致遠、鄭光祖、白樸并稱為“元曲(qu)四(si)大(da)家(jia)(jia)”,關(guan)漢卿(qing)位于(yu)(yu)“元曲(qu)四(si)大(da)家(jia)(jia)”之首。
此劇把大(da)家(jia)閨(gui)秀(xiu)、尚書(shu)之(zhi)女王瑞(rui)蘭在(zai)與蔣世(shi)隆(long)(long)結合過程中微妙的(de)(de)(de)思想感情(qing)表現得(de)(de)細致逼真,生(sheng)動自然(ran)。她(ta)本沒有(you)(you)自己(ji)挑選女婿的(de)(de)(de)心(xin)愿,戰亂(luan)使她(ta)與世(shi)隆(long)(long)相遇,患難使她(ta)與窮(qiong)秀(xiu)才(cai)結合。她(ta)對世(shi)隆(long)(long)的(de)(de)(de)忠誠有(you)(you)兩個思想基礎:一是世(shi)隆(long)(long)在(zai)關鍵(jian)時刻使她(ta)免遭(zao)亂(luan)軍(jun)擄掠,二是自古及今,沒有(you)(you)那個人(ren)(ren)一生(sheng)下(xia)來便(bian)做大(da)官享富貴,世(shi)隆(long)(long)現在(zai)窮(qiong),將來總(zong)會發跡(ji)的(de)(de)(de)。后(hou)來瑞(rui)蓮開玩(wan)笑說(shuo)為(wei)她(ta)找(zhao)女婿,嚴父為(wei)她(ta)招狀元,她(ta)的(de)(de)(de)心(xin)里反映很不一樣,但都(dou)是很矛(mao)盾的(de)(de)(de),然(ran)而忠于世(shi)隆(long)(long)的(de)(de)(de)決心(xin)卻又是堅定不移的(de)(de)(de),最后(hou)終(zhong)(zhong)于得(de)(de)到了一個意料不到的(de)(de)(de)美(mei)滿結局。對世(shi)隆(long)(long)的(de)(de)(de)始棄終(zhong)(zhong)就(jiu)則是對嫌貧愛(ai)富、重(zhong)武輕文的(de)(de)(de)王鎮(zhen)的(de)(de)(de)絕妙諷刺。戰亂(luan)打(da)亂(luan)了人(ren)(ren)們的(de)(de)(de)正常生(sheng)活秩序,使許多人(ren)(ren)棄家(jia)流離(li);但戰亂(luan)也給象王瑞(rui)蘭這(zhe)樣的(de)(de)(de)大(da)家(jia)閨(gui)秀(xiu)提(ti)供了自己(ji)決定自己(ji)命運的(de)(de)(de)條件,可謂因禍得(de)(de)福。在(zai)這(zhe)里,作家(jia)并沒有(you)(you)把戰亂(luan)完(wan)全當做一件壞事來寫。
后來又出別人據此改編的:
施惠(hui)(元)著(zhu)《幽閨佳人拜(bai)月亭(ting)(ting)》(又名拜(bai)月亭(ting)(ting))