《拜(bai)(bai)月(yue)(yue)(yue)亭》也稱(cheng)《王瑞(rui)蘭(lan)閨(gui)怨拜(bai)(bai)月(yue)(yue)(yue)亭》《蔣(jiang)世(shi)(shi)隆(long)(long)拜(bai)(bai)月(yue)(yue)(yue)亭》元·關漢卿作(zuo)。主要寫書生蔣(jiang)世(shi)(shi)隆(long)(long)與(yu)王瑞(rui)蘭(lan)在(zai)兵荒馬亂(luan)時候(hou)的(de)(de)離合故事。共(gong)四折一楔子。戰亂(luan)逃(tao)亡之(zhi)中(zhong),王瑞(rui)蘭(lan)與(yu)母親失散(san),書生蔣(jiang)世(shi)(shi)隆(long)(long)也與(yu)妹瑞(rui)蓮失散(san)。世(shi)(shi)隆(long)(long)與(yu)瑞(rui)蘭(lan)相(xiang)(xiang)遇,共(gong)同(tong)逃(tao)難中(zhong)產生感情(qing),私下(xia)結(jie)為夫(fu)(fu)婦。瑞(rui)蓮則(ze)與(yu)瑞(rui)蘭(lan)的(de)(de)母親結(jie)伴同(tong)行。瑞(rui)蘭(lan)的(de)(de)父(fu)親偶(ou)然(ran)在(zai)客店(dian)遇到瑞(rui)蘭(lan),嫌棄世(shi)(shi)隆(long)(long)是個窮秀才,門戶不相(xiang)(xiang)稱(cheng),催逼瑞(rui)蘭(lan)撇下(xia)生病(bing)的(de)(de)世(shi)(shi)隆(long)(long),跟自(zi)己回家,在(zai)路上又(you)與(yu)老妻及(ji)瑞(rui)蓮相(xiang)(xiang)遇。瑞(rui)蘭(lan)一直惦(dian)念(nian)著世(shi)(shi)隆(long)(long),焚香(xiang)拜(bai)(bai)月(yue)(yue)(yue),禱祝世(shi)(shi)隆(long)(long)平安(an),心事被(bei)瑞(rui)蓮撞(zhuang)破(po)。二(er)人得知(zhi)情(qing)由,姐妹之(zhi)外又(you)成姑嫂,愈(yu)加親密。蔣(jiang)世(shi)(shi)隆(long)(long)與(yu)逃(tao)難途中(zhong)的(de)(de)結(jie)義兄弟(di)(di)分(fen)別高中(zhong)文武狀元,被(bei)勢利的(de)(de)瑞(rui)蘭(lan)之(zhi)父(fu)招為女(nv)婿。世(shi)(shi)隆(long)(long)與(yu)瑞(rui)蘭(lan)相(xiang)(xiang)見,知(zhi)她情(qing)貞,夫(fu)(fu)妻終于團聚。瑞(rui)蓮則(ze)與(yu)世(shi)(shi)隆(long)(long)的(de)(de)結(jie)義兄弟(di)(di)成婚。
金國兵部尚書王(wang)鎮,在(zai)蒙古軍(jun)進攻金國都(dou)城中(zhong)都(dou)時(shi)(shi),奉命前(qian)往(wang)前(qian)線視察軍(jun)情。他的女(nv)兒王(wang)瑞(rui)(rui)(rui)蘭(lan)(lan)和(he)母親為(wei)王(wang)鎮送(song)行,希望父親速去早回。不(bu)久(jiu),王(wang)瑞(rui)(rui)(rui)蘭(lan)(lan)和(he)母親出都(dou)避亂,“秋風颯颯,暮雨凄(qi)凄(qi)”,“一(yi)(yi)(yi)點雨間一(yi)(yi)(yi)行恓惶淚,一(yi)(yi)(yi)陣風對一(yi)(yi)(yi)聲長吁氣”,“上(shang)面(mian)風雨,下面(mian)泥水”,“一(yi)(yi)(yi)對繡鞋兒分不(bu)得幫(bang)和(he)底,稠緊(jin)緊(jin)粘(zhan)糯糯帶著漩泥。”一(yi)(yi)(yi)時(shi)(shi),哨(shao)兵趕上(shang)來(lai),王(wang)瑞(rui)(rui)(rui)蘭(lan)(lan)母子被沖散(san)。混亂中(zhong),瑞(rui)(rui)(rui)蘭(lan)(lan)聽(ting)見有(you)人(ren)連叫三聲自己的名字,上(shang)前(qian)一(yi)(yi)(yi)看,原來(lai)是一(yi)(yi)(yi)個秀才。這秀才名叫蔣(jiang)世(shi)(shi)隆(long)(long)(long),他與(yu)(yu)(yu)妹妹瑞(rui)(rui)(rui)蓮失(shi)散(san),“瑞(rui)(rui)(rui)蓮”與(yu)(yu)(yu)“瑞(rui)(rui)(rui)蘭(lan)(lan)”相近,王(wang)瑞(rui)(rui)(rui)蘭(lan)(lan)誤(wu)以為(wei)秀才叫她。王(wang)瑞(rui)(rui)(rui)蘭(lan)(lan)這個受封(feng)建(jian)教養很深的大家(jia)(jia)閨秀,在(zai)家(jia)(jia)時(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)聽(ting)說(shuo)“女(nv)婿(xu)”兩(liang)字,“早豁地離了(le)坐位,悄地低了(le)咽頸,缊地紅了(le)面(mian)皮”。現在(zai)顧不(bu)得“羞和(he)恥”,愿(yuan)與(yu)(yu)(yu)世(shi)(shi)隆(long)(long)(long)結(jie)伴同行,以兄(xiong)(xiong)妹相稱(cheng)。世(shi)(shi)隆(long)(long)(long)說(shuo)明亂軍(jun)擄掠(lve)單身婦女(nv),“有(you)兒夫的不(bu)擄掠(lve)”。王(wang)瑞(rui)(rui)(rui)蘭(lan)(lan)只好(hao)答應:“不(bu)問(wen)時(shi)(shi)權(quan)做弟兄(xiong)(xiong),問(wen)著后道做夫妻。”在(zai)避難(nan)時(shi)(shi)受過(guo)世(shi)(shi)隆(long)(long)(long)幫(bang)助(zhu)、與(yu)(yu)(yu)世(shi)(shi)隆(long)(long)(long)結(jie)為(wei)兄(xiong)(xiong)弟的陀(tuo)滿(man)興福(fu)(fu),在(zai)山(shan)寨落草做王(wang),遇見來(lai)山(shan)寨附近的世(shi)(shi)隆(long)(long)(long)與(yu)(yu)(yu)瑞(rui)(rui)(rui)蘭(lan)(lan),勸(quan)世(shi)(shi)隆(long)(long)(long)留在(zai)山(shan)寨。王(wang)瑞(rui)(rui)(rui)蘭(lan)(lan)一(yi)(yi)(yi)見蔣(jiang)世(shi)(shi)隆(long)(long)(long)與(yu)(yu)(yu)“盜寇(kou)”稱(cheng)兄(xiong)(xiong)道弟,本來(lai)心中(zhong)就很不(bu)高(gao)興,見蔣(jiang)世(shi)(shi)隆(long)(long)(long)與(yu)(yu)(yu)興福(fu)(fu)飲酒歡談(tan),便責備世(shi)(shi)隆(long)(long)(long)“為(wei)那筆尖(jian)上(shang)發祿晚,見這刀刃上(shang)變錢疾”,“待風高(gao)學放(fang)火,月黑做強賊”。最后,她與(yu)(yu)(yu)世(shi)(shi)隆(long)(long)(long)“佯做個一(yi)(yi)(yi)家(jia)(jia)一(yi)(yi)(yi)計,且著這脫身術(shu)謾過(guo)這打家(jia)(jia)賊”,總算(suan)和(he)世(shi)(shi)隆(long)(long)(long)一(yi)(yi)(yi)起離開(kai)了(le)興福(fu)(fu)稱(cheng)王(wang)的山(shan)寨。
世(shi)隆(long)與(yu)瑞(rui)(rui)蘭(lan)在旅(lv)店里成了婚,不(bu)意(yi)世(shi)隆(long)染病,瑞(rui)(rui)蘭(lan)為他盡心護(hu)理,請醫調治。恰巧王(wang)(wang)鎮(zhen)路過旅(lv)店,父(fu)女(nv)相認,瑞(rui)(rui)蘭(lan)向父(fu)親(qin)苦訴(su)戰亂發生后,家業拋撇,人(ren)口(kou)逃亡(wang),母女(nv)失(shi)散,天各(ge)一(yi)方(fang)的(de)(de)(de)遭遇。瑞(rui)(rui)蘭(lan)又(you)向父(fu)親(qin)說明:因為在兵亂中無(wu)倚無(wu)靠,多得蔣世(shi)隆(long)幫助,自己(ji)已招他為婿了。王(wang)(wang)鎮(zhen)一(yi)看女(nv)婿是個窮(qiong)秀才,非(fei)常生氣(qi);“窮(qiong)秀才幾(ji)(ji)時(shi)有發跡!”避難中的(de)(de)(de)瑞(rui)(rui)蘭(lan)本(ben)來希望(wang)得到些“春光艷陽(yang),東風和(he)暢”,沒想到“刬地凍剝剝的(de)(de)(de)雪上加霜,無(wu)些情腸”。王(wang)(wang)鎮(zhen)不(bu)顧世(shi)隆(long)生命垂危,不(bu)顧瑞(rui)(rui)蘭(lan)感嘆(tan)悲傷,毫無(wu)哀憐(lian)憫恤之意(yi),強(qiang)拉瑞(rui)(rui)蘭(lan)離(li)開世(shi)隆(long)。瑞(rui)(rui)蘭(lan)不(bu)好(hao)(hao)違抗嚴(yan)父(fu)之命,只好(hao)(hao)請求父(fu)親(qin)容(rong)她(ta)向關鍵時(shi)刻(ke)有恩(en)于(yu)自己(ji)的(de)(de)(de)世(shi)隆(long)說幾(ji)(ji)句臨別(bie)話。她(ta)要世(shi)隆(long)好(hao)(hao)生保(bao)重,向世(shi)隆(long)解釋道:“兀(wu)的(de)(de)(de)這(zhe)是俺(an)親(qin)爺的(de)(de)(de)惡儻,休把(ba)您這(zhe)妻兒(er)怨暢”,“俺(an)這(zhe)風雹(bao)亂下的(de)(de)(de)紫袍郎(lang),不(bu)識(shi)你個云雷(lei)未至的(de)(de)(de)白衣相”,她(ta)叮嚀世(shi)隆(long)注意(yi)用藥和(he)飲食,敘說離(li)情別(bie)意(yi),保(bao)證立志守(shou)節,等待世(shi)隆(long):“咱(zan)兀(wu)的(de)(de)(de)做夫妻三個月時(shi)光,你莫不(bu)曾見您這(zhe)歹(dai)渾家說個謊”。
原來(lai)蔣(jiang)世(shi)(shi)(shi)隆(long)的(de)妹(mei)(mei)(mei)妹(mei)(mei)(mei)蔣(jiang)瑞(rui)(rui)蓮(lian)(lian)(lian)與哥(ge)哥(ge)失(shi)散后(hou),和王瑞(rui)(rui)蘭(lan)(lan)母親(qin)相識,被認為(wei)義女(nv)(nv)。瑞(rui)(rui)蘭(lan)(lan)回(hui)家后(hou),和義妹(mei)(mei)(mei)瑞(rui)(rui)蓮(lian)(lian)(lian)一(yi)(yi)起生活(huo)。她(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)無(wu)(wu)時(shi)(shi)(shi)無(wu)(wu)刻不(bu)(bu)思(si)念世(shi)(shi)(shi)隆(long),對父(fu)(fu)親(qin)的(de)賺貧(pin)愛富、喜武厭文,很不(bu)(bu)滿意。一(yi)(yi)天(tian)她(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)隨義妹(mei)(mei)(mei)閑(xian)行(xing)散悶(men),看(kan)到“荷葉似花子般團(tuan)園,陂(po)塘(tang)似鏡面般瑩潔(jie)”,便想到兒時(shi)(shi)(shi)能(neng)使自己(ji)“腹(fu)內無(wu)(wu)煩惱,心(xin)(xin)中無(wu)(wu)縈惹(re)?似這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)般青銅(tong)對面妝(zhuang),翠鈿侵鬢(bin)貼(tie)!”瑞(rui)(rui)蓮(lian)(lian)(lian)開玩笑說(shuo)為(wei)她(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)找個(ge)可心(xin)(xin)女(nv)(nv)婿(xu),以(yi)解(jie)心(xin)(xin)煩。她(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)回(hui)答說(shuo):無(wu)(wu)女(nv)(nv)婿(xu)快活(huo),有(you)女(nv)(nv)婿(xu)受(shou)苦;有(you)了(le)女(nv)(nv)婿(xu),“六親(qin)每(mei)早是(shi)說(shuo);又道是(shi)丈(zhang)夫(fu)行(xing)親(qin)熱,爺娘行(xing)特地心(xin)(xin)別”。她(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)心(xin)(xin)想女(nv)(nv)婿(xu)是(shi)真(zhen)(zhen),不(bu)(bu)要女(nv)(nv)婿(xu)也是(shi)真(zhen)(zhen);她(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)說(shuo)不(bu)(bu)要女(nv)(nv)婿(xu)以(yi)免(mian)六親(qin)說(shuo)閑(xian)話是(shi)帶(dai)氣(qi)的(de)真(zhen)(zhen)話,是(shi)對父(fu)(fu)親(qin)拆(chai)散她(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)與世(shi)(shi)(shi)隆(long)的(de)不(bu)(bu)滿。把義妹(mei)(mei)(mei)打(da)發(fa)歇息(xi)去后(hou),她(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)讓梅香(xiang)安(an)排桌幾,燒柱夜香(xiang),遙向世(shi)(shi)(shi)隆(long)傾訴心(xin)(xin)事。她(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)第一(yi)(yi)柱香(xiang)只(zhi)愿尊君(jun)改(gai)變(bian)主意,第二柱香(xiang)祝(zhu)愿世(shi)(shi)(shi)隆(long)身體痊愈,夫(fu)婦團(tuan)園,永不(bu)(bu)分離。她(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)的(de)話被義妹(mei)(mei)(mei)瑞(rui)(rui)蓮(lian)(lian)(lian)聽見,羞得臉(lian)紅(hong)腮(sai)熱,只(zhi)好把她(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)和蔣(jiang)世(shi)(shi)(shi)隆(long)結識經過告訴瑞(rui)(rui)蓮(lian)(lian)(lian)。瑞(rui)(rui)蓮(lian)(lian)(lian)聽了(le)為(wei)之(zhi)啼(ti)哭,瑞(rui)(rui)蘭(lan)(lan)以(yi)為(wei)瑞(rui)(rui)蓮(lian)(lian)(lian)是(shi)世(shi)(shi)(shi)隆(long)的(de)“舊妻妾(qie)”,當得知瑞(rui)(rui)蓮(lian)(lian)(lian)是(shi)世(shi)(shi)(shi)隆(long)的(de)親(qin)妹(mei)(mei)(mei)妹(mei)(mei)(mei),眼前的(de)義妹(mei)(mei)(mei)就(jiu)是(shi)自己(ji)的(de)小姑姑,自己(ji)這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)個(ge)姐姐就(jiu)是(shi)她(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)的(de)嫂(sao)嫂(sao)時(shi)(shi)(shi),不(bu)(bu)由(you)得變(bian)悲為(wei)喜,更(geng)(geng)加痛恨(hen)她(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)那(nei)“狠爹爹”,更(geng)(geng)加思(si)念蔣(jiang)世(shi)(shi)(shi)隆(long);“沒盤纏(chan),在店舍,有(you)誰人,廝抬貼(tie)?那(nei)消疏,那(nei)凄切,生分離,廝拋(pao)撇(pie)!從(cong)相別,恁時(shi)(shi)(shi)節,音書無(wu)(wu),信息(xi)絕。”自己(ji)“這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)些時(shi)(shi)(shi)眼跳(tiao)腮(sai)紅(hong)耳輪熱,眠(mian)夢交(jiao)雜不(bu)(bu)寧貼(tie)”。世(shi)(shi)(shi)隆(long)他“暑濕風寒縱較些,多被那(nei)煩惱憂愁(chou)上送(song)了(le)也”。可以(yi)看(kan)出,她(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)與世(shi)(shi)(shi)隆(long)親(qin)妹(mei)(mei)(mei)的(de)意外相認,使她(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)那(nei)無(wu)(wu)法排遣的(de)相思(si)之(zhi)情(qing)為(wei)之(zhi)緩(huan)解(jie),但接踵(zhong)而來(lai)的(de)便是(shi)這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)種相思(si)之(zhi)情(qing)的(de)更(geng)(geng)加無(wu)(wu)限的(de)延伸。
封建勢(shi)利的(de)王鎮(zhen)(zhen),為(wei)了家里(li)將相(xiang)雙全,旁人(ren)羨慕,不顧瑞(rui)(rui)蘭反對,要招(zhao)文(wen)(wen)武(wu)狀(zhuang)元(yuan)(yuan)為(wei)婿(xu),王鎮(zhen)(zhen)是(shi)兵部尚(shang)書(shu),重武(wu)輕文(wen)(wen),讓親生女(nv)兒瑞(rui)(rui)蘭招(zhao)武(wu)狀(zhuang)元(yuan)(yuan),讓義女(nv)瑞(rui)(rui)蓮(lian)(lian)招(zhao)文(wen)(wen)狀(zhuang)元(yuan)(yuan)。瑞(rui)(rui)蘭從心里(li)羨慕瑞(rui)(rui)蓮(lian)(lian)“貪著(zhu)(zhu)個斷簡殘編,恭儉溫良好繾綣”,不滿(man)(man)于(yu)自(zi)己“貪著(zhu)(zhu)個輕工短(duan)箭,粗(cu)豪勇猛惡(e)因(yin)緣”。使她意料不到的(de)是(shi),武(wu)狀(zhuang)元(yuan)(yuan)原來是(shi)陀滿(man)(man)興福,文(wen)(wen)狀(zhuang)元(yuan)(yuan)就是(shi)蔣世(shi)(shi)(shi)隆(long)。她責怪世(shi)(shi)(shi)隆(long)得官(guan)招(zhao)親,把她拋(pao)撇(pie),詛咒說:“虧心的(de)上有青天”。蔣世(shi)(shi)(shi)隆(long)責怪瑞(rui)(rui)蘭食言失節,另招(zhao)佳婿(xu),把他忘懷。瑞(rui)(rui)蘭表(biao)白自(zi)己對他“情脈(mo)脈(mo),恨綿綿”,“晝忘飲(yin)饌夜無眠”的(de)思(si)念之情,她讓世(shi)(shi)(shi)隆(long)于(yu)沒人(ren)處(chu)問瑞(rui)(rui)蓮(lian)(lian),“兀(wu)那(nei)瑞(rui)(rui)蓮(lian)(lian),便是(shi)證見(jian)”。事已至(zhi)此,王鎮(zhen)(zhen)只(zhi)好改變計劃,讓瑞(rui)(rui)蘭與世(shi)(shi)(shi)隆(long)團園,瑞(rui)(rui)蓮(lian)(lian)和興福結(jie)合。
關(guan)漢卿(qing)(約(yue)1220年(nian)(nian)(nian)──1300年(nian)(nian)(nian)),元代雜劇作(zuo)(zuo)家。是中(zhong)國古代戲曲創作(zuo)(zuo)的代表人(ren)(ren)物(wu)。號已齋(一作(zuo)(zuo)一齋)、己(ji)齋叟。漢族,解州(zhou)人(ren)(ren)(今(jin)(jin)山西省(sheng)運城(cheng)),關(guan)于他的籍(ji)貫(guan),還有祁州(zhou)(今(jin)(jin)河北省(sheng)安國縣(xian))伍仁村、大(da)都(dou)(今(jin)(jin)北京市)人(ren)(ren),大(da)約(yue)生于金代末(mo)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(約(yue)公元1220年(nian)(nian)(nian)前后(hou)),卒于元成宗大(da)德(de)初年(nian)(nian)(nian)(約(yue)公元1300年(nian)(nian)(nian)前后(hou))。與馬致遠、鄭(zheng)光祖、白樸并稱為“元曲四大(da)家”,關(guan)漢卿(qing)位于“元曲四大(da)家”之首。
此劇(ju)把(ba)大家(jia)閨(gui)秀、尚書之女王(wang)瑞(rui)蘭在與(yu)蔣世隆(long)結合(he)過程中(zhong)微妙(miao)的(de)思(si)想感(gan)情(qing)表現得細致逼真,生(sheng)動自(zi)(zi)(zi)然。她本(ben)沒有自(zi)(zi)(zi)己(ji)挑(tiao)選(xuan)女婿(xu)的(de)心(xin)(xin)愿,戰(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)亂(luan)使(shi)(shi)她與(yu)世隆(long)相遇(yu),患難使(shi)(shi)她與(yu)窮(qiong)秀才結合(he)。她對世隆(long)的(de)忠(zhong)誠有兩個(ge)(ge)(ge)思(si)想基礎:一(yi)(yi)(yi)是(shi)(shi)世隆(long)在關鍵時(shi)刻使(shi)(shi)她免(mian)遭(zao)亂(luan)軍(jun)擄掠,二是(shi)(shi)自(zi)(zi)(zi)古及今,沒有那個(ge)(ge)(ge)人(ren)一(yi)(yi)(yi)生(sheng)下(xia)來便做大官(guan)享(xiang)富貴(gui),世隆(long)現在窮(qiong),將來總會發跡的(de)。后來瑞(rui)蓮(lian)開玩笑(xiao)說(shuo)為她找女婿(xu),嚴(yan)父為她招狀元(yuan),她的(de)心(xin)(xin)里反映很不一(yi)(yi)(yi)樣,但都是(shi)(shi)很矛盾(dun)的(de),然而(er)忠(zhong)于(yu)世隆(long)的(de)決(jue)心(xin)(xin)卻又(you)是(shi)(shi)堅(jian)定(ding)不移的(de),最后終于(yu)得到(dao)了一(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)(ge)意料不到(dao)的(de)美滿結局。對世隆(long)的(de)始棄(qi)終就則是(shi)(shi)對嫌(xian)貧愛富、重武輕(qing)文的(de)王(wang)鎮的(de)絕(jue)妙(miao)諷刺。戰(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)亂(luan)打亂(luan)了人(ren)們的(de)正(zheng)常生(sheng)活秩序,使(shi)(shi)許多人(ren)棄(qi)家(jia)流離;但戰(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)亂(luan)也給(gei)象王(wang)瑞(rui)蘭這(zhe)樣的(de)大家(jia)閨(gui)秀提供了自(zi)(zi)(zi)己(ji)決(jue)定(ding)自(zi)(zi)(zi)己(ji)命運的(de)條件,可謂因(yin)禍得福。在這(zhe)里,作家(jia)并(bing)沒有把(ba)戰(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)亂(luan)完(wan)全當做一(yi)(yi)(yi)件壞事來寫。
后(hou)來(lai)又出(chu)別人據此改編的:
施惠(元)著《幽閨佳人拜月亭》(又名拜月亭)