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基本介紹

老君(jun)(jun)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)又名(ming)(ming)(ming)“真(zhen)仙(xian)巖(yan)”、“靈巖(yan)”。位于(yu)融(rong)水苗族自(zi)治縣(xian)城(cheng)南1.5公(gong)里處(chu)，整個(ge)景區占地(di)10多公(gong)頃．有(you)溶洞(dong)(dong)(dong)2個(ge)，洞(dong)(dong)(dong)口(kou)高約(yue)20米(mi)，寬約(yue)30米(mi)，縱(zong)深50米(mi)。洞(dong)(dong)(dong)內原有(you)由(you)鐘石(shi)(shi)自(zi)然凝成高達(da)7米(mi)多的老君(jun)(jun)像，白發銀須，栩栩如(ru)生,老君(jun)(jun)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)因此得名(ming)(ming)(ming)。宋代(dai)(dai)，洞(dong)(dong)(dong)中(zhong)建(jian)有(you)真(zhen)仙(xian)閣，此閣早已廢(fei)毀(hui)，只留(liu)存宋，元、明、清(qing)(qing)、民國碑刻(ke)(ke)(ke)136方。這些(xie)石(shi)(shi)刻(ke)(ke)(ke)有(you)題(ti)記、詩文、詩賦(fu)、卜辭、書榜、圖像等，字體則篆、棣、真(zhen)、草(cao)均(jun)含(han)。形式多樣，內容豐富，為歷代(dai)(dai)學(xue)(xue)者所(suo)重視。明代(dai)(dai)地(di)理學(xue)(xue)家、旅行家徐弘祖（徐霞客）到融(rong)水，在(zai)真(zhen)仙(xian)巖(yan)住了長達(da)13天之久，其主(zhu)要活(huo)動就拓制收集洞(dong)(dong)(dong)中(zhong)的石(shi)(shi)刻(ke)(ke)(ke)作品。清(qing)(qing)代(dai)(dai)著(zhu)名(ming)(ming)(ming)金學(xue)(xue)家王昶撰(zhuan)輯《金石(shi)(shi)萃(cui)編(bian)》、陸增祥撰(zhuan)輯《八瓊室(shi)金石(shi)(shi)補(bu)正》及名(ming)(ming)(ming)宦，學(xue)(xue)者謝啟昆編(bian)撰(zhuan)《粵西(xi)金石(shi)(shi)略》，均(jun)對真(zhen)仙(xian)巖(yan)石(shi)(shi)刻(ke)(ke)(ke)有(you)所(suo)著(zhu)錄。據嘉慶《廣西(xi)通(tong)志》卷二百六(liu)十引明人曹(cao)學(xue)(xue)佺《輿(yu)地(di)名(ming)(ming)(ming)勝(sheng)志》稱：“靈巖(yan)山又名(ming)(ming)(ming)老君(jun)(jun)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)，宋咸平中(zhong)改(gai)名(ming)(ming)(ming)為真(zhen)仙(xian)巖(yan)，頒(ban)太宗御書百二十軸藏(zang)(zang)于(yu)內”，今存“瑞云、西(xi)江、精忠、頤堂”八字四石(shi)(shi)，即為當時(shi)真(zhen)仙(xian)閣所(suo)藏(zang)(zang)作品。

老君(jun)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)是(shi)融(rong)(rong)州古(gu)八(ba)景之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)首，堪稱“水(shui)月洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)天(tian)”。清澈婉(wan)蜒的(de)(de)靈(ling)壽溪(xi)自洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)背穿山而(er)(er)過．流經洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)中的(de)(de)部分(fen)長(chang)約(yue)300米。乘(cheng)小舟自后(hou)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)順流而(er)(er)下(xia)，可一(yi)(yi)覽全(quan)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)風光，觀賞(shang)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)中石(shi)(shi)壁上(shang)的(de)(de)摩崖石(shi)(shi)刻(ke)及(ji)千(qian)姿百態的(de)(de)鐘乳(ru)石(shi)(shi)。洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)口古(gu)木參天(tian)，濃蔭(yin)蔽日(ri)，兩(liang)座宋(song)(song)(song)代建(jian)造的(de)(de)古(gu)石(shi)(shi)橋在洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)口跨(kua)溪(xi)而(er)(er)臥，其橋造型美(mei)觀，結構精巧(qiao)，目前(qian)仍可通行汽車(che)。相(xiang)傳太(tai)上(shang)老君(jun)南游融(rong)(rong)嶺(ling)至此(ci)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)，竟(jing)流連忘返，對人說：“此(ci)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)乃天(tian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)絕勝也，山石(shi)(shi)磺石(shi)(shi)元(yuan)(yuan)，溪(xi)流清邃，不復西度流沙(sha)。我當隱焉”，于是(shi)化身為石(shi)(shi)，永留洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)中。此(ci)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)因此(ci)得名，并成為全(quan)國(guo)道教圣(sheng)地(di)“三十六洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)天(tian)”之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)(yi)。宋(song)(song)(song)紹興年間，著名詩人、狀元(yuan)(yuan)張孝祥游覽此(ci)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)，贊嘆不已，稱之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)為“天(tian)下(xia)第一(yi)(yi)真仙之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)巖(yan)(yan)”。宋(song)(song)(song)太(tai)宗(zong)頒御書(shu)120軸(zhou)藏于洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)內，并敕修此(ci)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)為“真仙巖(yan)(yan)”。洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)內滿壁題刻(ke)，僅宋(song)(song)(song)碑就有17塊(kuai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)多。其中岳飛麾下(xia)獨臂將軍(jun)王佐所(suo)題的(de)(de)“真仙洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)”，字徑尺半，筆(bi)力挺拔(ba)(ba)。而(er)(er)北(bei)宋(song)(song)(song)元(yuan)(yuan)祜黨人沈千(qian)曾孫沈所(suo)立的(de)(de)“元(yuan)(yuan)祜黨籍(ji)碑”，尤為珍(zhen)貴(gui)。洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)中之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)景美(mei)不勝收，有天(tian)柱(zhu)石(shi)(shi)星、金線吊葫蘆、鶴巖(yan)(yan)旭日(ri)、群峰來秀、仙翁對弈(yi)等。有一(yi)(yi)拔(ba)(ba)地(di)而(er)(er)起(qi)的(de)(de)鼓形乳(ru)石(shi)(shi)，輕拍響如鐘聲(sheng)，鐘聲(sheng)上(shang)傳，倒懸的(de)(de)石(shi)(shi)乳(ru)會馬上(shang)回音，由近及(ji)遠(yuan)，回鳴不息(xi)，深(shen)深(shen)扣動人的(de)(de)心弦。

老君洞景(jing)區原(yuan)建有規(gui)模完整的三清(qing)(qing)殿、御書閣(ge)、紫薇閣(ge)、報恩寺、歲寒軒、鴻音樓、麓石塔、清(qing)(qing)風亭、望遠(yuan)亭堤五百羅(luo)漢豐都山(shan)等(deng)(deng)亭臺樓閣(ge)以及老君天(tian)然鐘乳石像等(deng)(deng)。由于歷史的原(yuan)因，不(bu)少景(jing)點設施已遭(zao)毀壞，目前有關部門已經(jing)著手進行修復，開發了隱仙洞、水月洞、羊角(jiao)洞，并新建了盆景(jing)園(yuan)、桃花園(yuan)、荷花池、徐(xu)霞客雕像等(deng)(deng)供瀏覽觀光。

老君(jun)洞(dong)(dong)的(de)(de)(de)園(yuan)林宗(zong)教設施始建于(yu)唐，興盛于(yu)宋(song)，唐宋(song)以來，很(hen)多(duo)文(wen)人墨(mo)客(ke)在(zai)(zai)洞(dong)(dong)內(nei)留(liu)下(xia)了(le)大量的(de)(de)(de)詩(shi)文(wen)、游記(ji)、碑(bei)刻、摩巖(yan)刻一(yi)百多(duo)處，是(shi)珍貴的(de)(de)(de)歷史文(wen)化遺產(chan)，宋(song)太(tai)宗(zong)親頒“御書碑(bei)”120軸藏于(yu)洞(dong)(dong)內(nei)，并敕封老君(jun)洞(dong)(dong)為“真仙(xian)巖(yan)”。明朝旅(lv)(lv)行家徐霞(xia)客(ke)曾在(zai)(zai)此(ci)洞(dong)(dong)住(zhu)(zhu)了(le)13天(tian)，這(zhe)是(shi)他30年旅(lv)(lv)行活動中在(zai)(zai)一(yi)個洞(dong)(dong)內(nei)住(zhu)(zhu)得最久(jiu)的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)次，并寫下(xia)了(le)5000字(zi)游記(ji)，生動描述了(le)老君(jun)洞(dong)(dong)山(shan)光水色及傳奇(qi)神話。他高舉火把進(jin)洞(dong)(dong)覽勝，遇到(dao)一(yi)條頭尾鉆到(dao)石(shi)下(xia)的(de)(de)(de)巨蟒攔路，他抬腳(jiao)跨過，蛇蟒竟紋絲不動，可(ke)見暗洞(dong)(dong)幽深。站在(zai)(zai)洞(dong)(dong)內(nei)溪流的(de)(de)(de)中段(duan)，可(ke)以看到(dao)真仙(xian)巖(yan)的(de)(de)(de)前門(men)和后門(men)，都是(shi)由山(shan)石(shi)自成(cheng)(cheng)方圓，陽(yang)光照(zhao)耀在(zai)(zai)小(xiao)溪的(de)(de)(de)兩(liang)頭，仿佛兩(liang)輪皎(jiao)月躍出水面。這(zhe)“水月洞(dong)(dong)天(tian)”的(de)(de)(de)壯觀，使徐霞(xia)客(ke)不禁贊(zan)道：“真仙(xian)為天(tian)下(xia)第一(yi)，此(ci)景真仙(xian)第一(yi)也！”宋(song)代名(ming)詩(shi)人范成(cheng)(cheng)大在(zai)(zai)《佳(jia)誨巖(yan)洞(dong)(dong)記(ji)》中贊(zan)曰(yue)：“融州(zhou)有(you)靈(ling)巖(yan)真仙(xian)洞(dong)(dong)，世傳不下(xia)桂林”。