翡(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)翠(cui)(cui)(cui)的(de)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)是(shi)(shi)翡(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)翠(cui)(cui)(cui)的(de)綠色(se)(se)與(yu)透明度的(de)總(zong)稱,也是(shi)(shi)翡(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)翠(cui)(cui)(cui)結(jie)構與(yu)質(zhi)地的(de)表現(xian)形式,是(shi)(shi)評價翡(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)翠(cui)(cui)(cui)優(you)劣(lie)的(de)一個極重(zhong)要的(de)標(biao)志(zhi)。懂得(de)欣賞翡(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)翠(cui)(cui)(cui)的(de)人,非常(chang)重(zhong)視(shi)選擇種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)好的(de)翡(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)翠(cui)(cui)(cui),有的(de)人似乎(hu)將種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)看得(de)比顏色(se)(se)還重(zhong)要,故有“外行(xing)看色(se)(se),內(nei)行(xing)看種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)”之說(shuo)。行(xing)內(nei)還有句話就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)“種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)好遮三丑”,指的(de)是(shi)(shi)有種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)翡(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)翠(cui)(cui)(cui)不(bu)但可使(shi)顏色(se)(se)淺的(de)翡(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)翠(cui)(cui)(cui)顯(xian)得(de)晶瑩漂(piao)亮,而且可使(shi)不(bu)夠均(jun)勻的(de)顏色(se)(se)由于相互映(ying)照而顯(xian)得(de)均(jun)勻,更可使(shi)質(zhi)地不(bu)夠細(xi)的(de)翡(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)翠(cui)(cui)(cui)顯(xian)得(de)不(bu)明顯(xian)。所(suo)以有經驗的(de)行(xing)家(jia)都(dou)很注(zhu)重(zhong)翡(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)翠(cui)(cui)(cui)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)優(you)劣(lie)。翡(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)翠(cui)(cui)(cui)原料(liao),尤(you)其是(shi)(shi)做手鐲(zhuo)的(de)原料(liao),不(bu)怕沒有色(se)(se),就(jiu)怕沒有種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。
傳(chuan)統上一般將翡(fei)翠分為老(lao)種、老(lao)新(xin)(xin)種和新(xin)(xin)種,也(ye)有(you)的稱為老(lao)坑(keng)種、舊坑(keng)種和新(xin)(xin)坑(keng)種。老(lao)種就是(shi)指那些(xie)結構(gou)致密,綠色純正、分布均(jun)勻、質地(di)細膩、透明度(du)(du)好、硬(ying)度(du)(du)大的一類翡(fei)翠;新(xin)(xin)種指翡(fei)翠的玉質疏松(song),透明度(du)(du)差,晶體顆粒較粗,肉(rou)眼能見翠性;老(lao)新(xin)(xin)種則介于二者(zhe)之(zhi)間(jian)。種的新(xin)(xin)老(lao)并不(bu)代表翡(fei)翠形成時(shi)間(jian)的早(zao)晚,而是(shi)反(fan)映(ying)了翡(fei)翠后期(qi)改造的完全與否。
根據翡翠的色,透明度(du)和質地(di)等特征,也可將翡翠的種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)分為(wei)老(lao)坑(keng)玻璃種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、冰(bing)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、芙蓉種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、金絲種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、干青種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、花青種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、豆種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、油青種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、馬(ma)牙種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)等等。
芙(fu)蓉(rong)種(zhong)翡翠有(you)幾分(fen)芙(fu)蓉(rong)花(hua)的氣韻。芙(fu)蓉(rong)種(zhong)翡翠綠(lv)色(se)清(qing)淡(dan)、柔純(chun)、綠(lv)得清(qing)澈純(chun)正,其(qi)顏(yan)色(se)一般為淡(dan)綠(lv)色(se),不帶黃色(se)調,綠(lv)得較純(chun)正,通體(ti)色(se)澤一致(zhi),因此使人感到比較清(qing)澈。芙(fu)蓉(rong)種(zhong)翡翠底(di)子略帶粉(fen)紅(hong)色(se),如果出現(xian)幾條深綠(lv)色(se)的“痕”,就叫(jiao)“芙(fu)蓉(rong)起(qi)青根(gen)。”如果出現(xian)不規則的綠(lv)色(se)“痕”,就叫(jiao)“花(hua)青芙(fu)蓉(rong)種(zhong)”。
芙蓉(rong)種(zhong)翡翠的(de)質地(di)比(bi)豆(dou)種(zhong)細,結構略有顆(ke)粒感(gan),卻(que)又(you)看(kan)不到顆(ke)粒的(de)界限。呈透明至(zhi)半透明,雖不如玻璃種(zhong),但也(ye)不遜(xun)于冰種(zhong),色雖不濃卻(que)清澈,所以價格適(shi)中,容易(yi)被一般人接受。如果(guo)其中有深(shen)綠色的(de)脈則稱(cheng)作(zuo)“芙蓉(rong)起青根”,其中分(fen)布有不規(gui)則較深(shen)的(de)綠色時(shi)又(you)稱(cheng)作(zuo)“花青芙蓉(rong)種(zhong)”。
由于(yu)顏色較(jiao)淡,所以將芙蓉(rong)種翡(fei)(fei)翠(cui)(cui)(cui)制成(cheng)手鐲是上上之選,芙蓉(rong)種翡(fei)(fei)翠(cui)(cui)(cui)手鐲很少有(you)綹裂和(he)雜質,顏色清爽,質地較(jiao)細,透明度較(jiao)高,雖(sui)然每項指標都不是頂級,但(dan)組合在一起卻效果奇(qi)佳(jia),而(er)價格也(ye)只能算中(zhong)等偏上,非常適合中(zhong)、青年女士佩(pei)戴。當然,芙蓉(rong)種翡(fei)(fei)翠(cui)(cui)(cui)也(ye)可雕刻成(cheng)佩(pei)飾、墜飾等,特點是少作(zuo)雕工,金(jin)保留(liu)大光面,以體(ti)現其整體(ti)的種水與顏色和(he)諧搭配的美觀(guan)效果,芙蓉(rong)種翡(fei)(fei)翠(cui)(cui)(cui)屬中(zhong)高檔翡(fei)(fei)翠(cui)(cui)(cui)。
光澤
翡(fei)翠(cui)呈(cheng)現(xian)(xian)玻(bo)璃(li)光澤,半透(tou)(tou)明(ming)(ming)或透(tou)(tou)明(ming)(ming)。翡(fei)翠(cui)因含(han)有不同的(de)染色(se)離子而(er)呈(cheng)現(xian)(xian)各種顏色(se):通常有白、紅(hong)、綠(lv)、紫。黃、粉等。純凈無雜質者為白色(se),若含(han)有鉻(ge)元(yuan)素,則(ze)(ze)呈(cheng)現(xian)(xian)出柔潤艷麗的(de)淡(dan)綠(lv)、深綠(lv)色(se),名(ming)之(zhi)(zhi)為翠(cui)。此品(pin)種最為名(ming)貴,極受(shou)人們的(de)珍視喜愛。若含(han)錳則(ze)(ze)呈(cheng)現(xian)(xian)淡(dan)紫色(se)、深紫色(se),常稱(cheng)為春地(di)或藕粉地(di)。含(han)鐵元(yuan)素,則(ze)(ze)呈(cheng)現(xian)(xian)暗紅(hong)、褐紅(hong)、赭紅(hong)色(se),被人們稱(cheng)為翡(fei)。含(han)鉻(ge)和銅元(yuan)素,則(ze)(ze)呈(cheng)現(xian)(xian)淡(dan)藍(lan)、淡(dan)青色(se),人稱(cheng)橄(gan)欖水。高檔翡(fei)翠(cui)除顏色(se)好之(zhi)(zhi)外,質地(di)也極其重要(yao)。一般顏色(se)鮮嫩漂亮(liang),質地(di)較透(tou)(tou)明(ming)(ming),玻(bo)璃(li)光澤強(qiang)者為上品(pin)。相反,質地(di)發(fa)干,透(tou)(tou)明(ming)(ming)度(du)較差的(de)品(pin)種次之(zhi)(zhi)。
透明度
翡(fei)翠是多(duo)(duo)晶體,多(duo)(duo)數為半透(tou)明,甚至不(bu)透(tou)明。不(bu)可(ke)能象單晶體寶石如祖(zu)母綠那樣透(tou)明,使光(guang)線可(ke)以自由透(tou)過,顯得很晶瑩。
結構
指的(de)是組成翡(fei)翠的(de)結(jie)晶微粒的(de)粗細,結(jie)晶體的(de)形(xing)狀及(ji)其結(jie)合(he)的(de)方(fang)式。行(xing)話稱(cheng)結(jie)構為(wei)“底”,有稱(cheng)“地(di)”。
凈度
翡(fei)(fei)翠(cui)(cui)與其他寶(bao)石一(yi)樣,凈度是評估價值的(de)一(yi)大因(yin)素,翡(fei)(fei)翠(cui)(cui)的(de)瑕(xia)疵(ci),主要(yao)是白色和黑色。在評價翡(fei)(fei)翠(cui)(cui)時,根(gen)據瑕(xia)疵(ci)對翡(fei)(fei)翠(cui)(cui)美觀造成(cheng)的(de)損害程度來決定翡(fei)(fei)翠(cui)(cui)的(de)價值。對高檔貨來說,瑕(xia)疵(ci)是嚴重的(de)缺憾(han),而對中、低檔貨來說,影響(xiang)會(hui)小得多。