廬山(shan)桃(tao)(tao)花源風景名勝區(qu)是中國(guo)田園詩歌鼻祖、東晉大詩人(ren)陶淵(yuan)明的傳世名作《桃(tao)(tao)花源記》創作原型(xing)地(di),是世界自然文化(hua)名山(shan)—廬山(shan)的重要(yao)組成部(bu)分。
桃花源景(jing)區不僅自然風光(guang)秀麗,且歷史涵蘊深厚,人文景(jing)觀眾多(duo)。景(jing)區內有楚人村、康王谷(gu)、恩桃庵(an)、陸(lu)羽亭等(deng)遺址;有陶淵明、歐陽修、蘇(su)軾、黃庭(ting)堅等(deng)歷代名家詠(yong)康王谷(gu)和(he)谷(gu)簾泉(quan)的大量詩文和(he)所(suo)留下(xia)的摩巖石刻,是旅(lv)游休(xiu)閑、度假避暑勝地(di)。
位于康王谷(gu)人(ren)口(kou)(kou)處。漢時(shi)(shi)這一(yi)帶有(you)(you)銅馬(ma)廟,南(nan)朝梁代建有(you)(you)康王觀(guan),宋時(shi)(shi)有(you)(you)景德觀(guan),今俱(ju)廢,而“觀(guan)口(kou)(kou)”之(zhi)名(ming)卻保留(liu)至今。觀(guan)口(kou)(kou)外(wai)一(yi)側,有(you)(you)一(yi)山埂,名(ming)“桃花尖”,位于觀(guan)口(kou)(kou)從谷(gu)中流出(chu)的(de)溪水旁,高約(yue)400余(yu)米(mi),面積約(yue)800余(yu)畝,廣植桃樹(shu),因觀(guan)口(kou)(kou)一(yi)帶地(di)(di)勢(shi)平坦,惟以(yi)桃花尖山埂兀(wu)突,當春季桃花盛開之(zhi)時(shi)(shi),便覺特別爛漫醒目。觀(guan)口(kou)(kou)前方,即往隘口(kou)(kou)道旁,有(you)(you)一(yi)老(lao)松,其干佝僂偃伏(fu),遠觀(guan)似老(lao)人(ren)駝背,故俗稱“駝背樹(shu)”,其枝虬節盤旋而上(shang),針葉青蔥,樹(shu)皮光滑顯(xian)銀(yin)白(bai)色(se)(se),為(wei)(wei)(wei)林木一(yi)大奇觀(guan)。觀(guan)口(kou)(kou)山門,由(you)一(yi)座花崗青石(shi)(shi)石(shi)(shi)刻(ke)牌坊(fang)(fang)組建而成(cheng),為(wei)(wei)(wei)“四柱(zhu)三門”式,柱(zhu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)正長方形,頂端(duan)為(wei)(wei)(wei)圓形,四柱(zhu)均(jun)突破橫額枋(fang)而聳立天(tian)際。柱(zhu)的(de)下端(duan)前后均(jun)以(yi)鼓形石(shi)(shi)枋(fang)相砌。額枋(fang)正中有(you)(you)毛(mao)澤東(dong)手書“桃花源(yuan)(yuan)”三字(zi)石(shi)(shi)刻(ke),由(you)星子縣石(shi)(shi)雕高手仿毛(mao)澤東(dong)七律《登廬山》墨跡精刻(ke)而成(cheng)。石(shi)(shi)柱(zhu)有(you)(you)石(shi)(shi)刻(ke)對聯(lian)一(yi)副:“世(shi)上(shang)無雙夢(meng);天(tian)下第一(yi)泉”.背面對聯(lian)為(wei)(wei)(wei):“千秋康王谷(gu);萬古(gu)陶(tao)令篇”。牌坊(fang)(fang)結(jie)構(gou)新穎,制作(zuo)精巧,石(shi)(shi)料(liao)采自星子縣橫塘玉泉山,質(zhi)地(di)(di)玉潤(run),灰(hui)中透白(bai),無雕飾,略有(you)(you)紋刻(ke),全以(yi)本(ben)色(se)(se)為(wei)(wei)(wei)工(gong),以(yi)古(gu)樸為(wei)(wei)(wei)質(zhi),與整個桃花源(yuan)(yuan)景區的(de)自然景觀(guan)和(he)人(ren)文景觀(guan)融為(wei)(wei)(wei)一(yi)體,實(shi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)牌坊(fang)(fang)雕刻(ke)作(zuo)品(pin)中的(de)上(shang)乘(cheng)之(zhi)作(zuo)。
進山(shan)門一里,有“回(hui)(hui)(hui)馬(ma)石”遺跡,此即秦國大(da)將(jiang)(jiang)王(wang)(wang)(wang)翦追(zhui)楚(chu)康(kang)王(wang)(wang)(wang)后裔不得處。關于康(kang)王(wang)(wang)(wang)谷(gu)(gu)的(de)來歷,多種志書(shu)均(jun)有記載(zai)。傳(chuan)說:秦始(shi)皇二(er)十四(si)年(nian)(前223年(nian))王(wang)(wang)(wang)翦伐楚(chu),康(kang)王(wang)(wang)(wang)后裔避難于廬山(shan)谷(gu)(gu)中,“翦追(zhui)之急,天忽大(da)風雷雨,翦人馬(ma)不能(neng)前。得脫,遂隱谷(gu)(gu)中不出,因名其(qi)谷(gu)(gu)曰康(kang)王(wang)(wang)(wang)谷(gu)(gu)。”而“回(hui)(hui)(hui)馬(ma)石”則是秦將(jiang)(jiang)王(wang)(wang)(wang)翦“回(hui)(hui)(hui)馬(ma)”的(de)地方。康(kang)王(wang)(wang)(wang)谷(gu)(gu)又稱“楚(chu)王(wang)(wang)(wang)谷(gu)(gu)”,據(ju)清同(tong)治版校點(dian)本《星子縣志》載(zai):“昔(xi)始(shi)皇并(bing)六國,楚(chu)康(kang)王(wang)(wang)(wang)昭為秦將(jiang)(jiang)王(wang)(wang)(wang)翦所窘,逃于此,故名楚(chu)王(wang)(wang)(wang)谷(gu)(gu)。”從歷史(shi)傳(chuan)說這個角度看.康(kang)王(wang)(wang)(wang)谷(gu)(gu)的(de)歷史(shi)已有2223年(nian)了。
問津(jin)(jin)堂 過回馬(ma)石(shi),抵(di)問津(jin)(jin)堂。有單層建筑三棟(dong),青瓦白(bai)樓,小巧(qiao)古(gu)樸,彼此(ci)相(xiang)連。背山(shan)面(mian)溪(xi),溪(xi)旁立一大石(shi),上刻“世外(wai)桃(tao)源”四字(zi)(zi),前行十余米,臨溪(xi)一亭(ting),名“問津(jin)(jin)亭(ting)”。亭(ting)額(e)“凈(jing)土(tu)”二字(zi)(zi),中有一聯(lian):“桃(tao)花(hua)源出康王(wang)谷(gu);彭(peng)(peng)澤(ze)令即武陵漁(yu)”。這(zhe)一景點與觀(guan)口山(shan)門“桃(tao)花(hua)源”牌坊相(xiang)呼應,把陶淵明散文《桃(tao)花(hua)源記》的出處與康王(wang)谷(gu)聯(lian)系起來。陶淵明,字(zi)(zi)元亮(liang),一說名潛(qian),字(zi)(zi)淵明,潯陽柴桑(sang)(今江西(xi)星(xing)子縣)人。生于(yu)(yu)晉哀(ai)帝興寧三年(365年),卒于(yu)(yu)宋文帝元嘉四年(427年)。卒后友朋私溢“靖節”。早年曾任江州祭(ji)酒(jiu)、鎮軍參軍、彭(peng)(peng)澤(ze)
令等(deng)職,后因厭惡官場污濁,遂退隱農村。今(jin)星子(zi)縣(xian)山南(nan)的(de)(de)玉京、栗里、醉石等(deng)風景點,均留下他的(de)(de)遺跡(ji)。陶淵(yuan)明的(de)(de)大(da)(da)半生處于我國封建社(she)會(hui)史上(shang)一個大(da)(da)分裂(lie)、大(da)(da)混亂的(de)(de)黑暗時代,由于社(she)會(hui)的(de)(de)動亂,玄風的(de)(de)盛行,東晉文人競尚浮誕,馳騁玄理,詩(shi)壇(tan)為(wei)玄言(yan)詩(shi)所統(tong)治。晉末
宋初,佛教哲(zhe)理又被(bei)引人文學(xue)創作。陶淵(yuan)明生(sheng)活(huo)在(zai)當時那(nei)樣一個思(si)想空虛、文學(xue)貧困(kun)的(de)年代(dai),他(ta)并沒(mei)(mei)有(you)像(xiang)清淡玄學(xue)家(jia)那(nei)樣狂放不羈,也沒(mei)(mei)有(you)像(xiang)佛教徒那(nei)樣無慮(lv)無營,而是在(zai)現實生(sheng)活(huo)和(he)文學(xue)創作上,獨(du)特(te)地走(zou)著自己的(de)道(dao)路(lu),形成(cheng)一種單純自然的(de)新穎(ying)風(feng)格(ge),成(cheng)為中國文學(xue)發展史上的(de)詩(shi)人和(he)散文家(jia)。《桃花(hua)源記》整個作品都閃耀著理想的(de)光(guang)輝(hui),在(zai)中國古代(dai)散文中素享盛名。
離開問津堂,沿溪北行(xing)數里,康王谷(gu)開始顯示(shi)出它的(de)幽深古(gu)奧,兩旁山峰(feng)挺(ting)拔,樹木蔥蘢,谷(gu)口最窄處,僅十余米。又數十步(bu),忽(hu)峰(feng)回路轉,蒼(cang)松翠竹,花(hua)香鳥語,則又有一番景(jing)(jing)致(zhi)。溪側有桃葉渡、桃源洞(dong)諸(zhu)景(jing)(jing)。《桃花(hua)源記》開篇(pian)說:“晉太(tai)元中,武陵人捕魚為業,緣溪行(xing),忘路之遠近。忽(hu)逢桃花(hua)林(lin),夾岸數百步(bu),中無(wu)雜樹,芳草鮮美,落(luo)英(ying)繽紛。”來到這里,游人能(neng)不被景(jing)(jing)觀所陶醉而“忘路”嗎(ma)?
這(zhe)是(shi)“忘路谷(gu)(gu)(gu)”的(de)(de)延伸與推進,也(ye)(ye)是(shi)在谷(gu)(gu)(gu)中行走時(shi)“忽峰回(hui)路轉(zhuan)”出現(xian)的(de)(de)景觀。谷(gu)(gu)(gu)溪源于漢(han)陽峰的(de)(de)谷(gu)(gu)(gu)簾泉,噴薄(bo)而(er)出,奔流直瀉(xie),蜿蜒曲折,縱穿整(zheng)個康王(wang)谷(gu)(gu)(gu),從谷(gu)(gu)(gu)口流出,經觀口山(shan)(shan)門(men),注入(ru)鄱陽湖。大(da)(da)小不一的(de)(de)卵石散臥溪中,受水(shui)擊打,發出大(da)(da)小不一的(de)(de)巨響,永無停歇。谷(gu)(gu)(gu)溪一側傍山(shan)(shan),另一側則用(yong)卵石壘疊而(er)成(cheng)數米高的(de)(de)谷(gu)(gu)(gu)堤(di),堤(di)上(shang)復(fu)為路,這(zhe)就成(cheng)了我們(men)游(you)(you)人(ren)“緣溪行”所走的(de)(de)路了。桃(tao)(tao)花(hua)溪因桃(tao)(tao)花(hua)林而(er)得名,唐王(wang)維《桃(tao)(tao)源行》詩:“漁(yu)舟逐水(shui)愛山(shan)(shan)村,兩(liang)岸桃(tao)(tao)花(hua)夾(jia)古津。……春來遍是(shi)桃(tao)(tao)花(hua)水(shui),不辨仙源何處尋。”也(ye)(ye)許,王(wang)維曾(ceng)來過此地興游(you)(you)。
《桃(tao)花(hua)源(yuan)記》說:“林(lin)盡(jin)水源(yuan),便(bian)(bian)得一山(shan)。山(shan)有(you)(you)(you)小口,仿佛若(ruo)有(you)(you)(you)光;便(bian)(bian)舍(she)船從口入(ru)。初極狹,才通(tong)人;復行(xing)數十(shi)步,豁然(ran)開朗(lang)。土地平曠,屋舍(she)儼(yan)然(ran),有(you)(you)(you)良田美池桑竹之(zhi)屬;阡陌(mo)交通(tong),雞(ji)犬相聞。”康(kang)(kang)王(wang)谷(gu)(gu)有(you)(you)(you)九個自然(ran)村,均沿(yan)谷(gu)(gu)而居,有(you)(you)(you)張(zhang)、吳(wu)、帥、汪、余、錢、康(kang)(kang)、等(deng)姓氏。建筑多為(wei)(wei)單層人字(zi)形,泥(ni)磚相混(hun)結(jie)構,間(jian)以小院,院內外(wai)及村之(zhi)四周,廣植桃(tao)樹(shu)。緣(yuan)溪而行(xing),所逢(feng)第(di)一個村莊(zhuang)名“口上張(zhang)村”。其問(wen)茂林(lin)修竹,茅(mao)籬草舍(she),野趣天成,其民(min)風(feng)淳樸,尤存古意。凡五六月來(lai)到這里,村旁溪畔的桃(tao)樹(shu)已是果實累累,摘桃(tao)一袋,略給幾錢,在溪頭用(yong)泉水略洗(xi),即可作為(wei)(wei)旅途(tu)美食。將離去(qu),村民(min)猶(you)呼:“下次再來(lai)。”據(ju)傳,楚康(kang)(kang)王(wang)后裔(yi)避難(nan)谷(gu)(gu)中,滿山(shan)遍野都是野桃(tao)樹(shu),他們即以桃(tao)為(wei)(wei)食,渡過難(nan)關。后人便(bian)(bian)把桃(tao)樹(shu)稱之(zhi)為(wei)(wei)“恩桃(tao)樹(shu)”,其果,即名“恩桃(tao)”,流傳至今。
行(xing)至(zhi)康(kang)(kang)(kang)王(wang)谷(gu)底(di),一座雄關豁然(ran)迎面(mian)而(er)立,高(gao)約8米余,上(shang)設(she)雉堞(die),堅如磐石。巨形拱(gong)門(men)之(zhi)上(shang)有(you)(you)額枋一方,書(shu)“楚(chu)(chu)城(cheng)”二(er)字(zi),兩側一聯:”楚(chu)(chu)雖三戶亡(wang)秦(qin)必(bi)楚(chu)(chu);秦(qin)唯二(er)世起(qi)楚(chu)(chu)非秦(qin)”,高(gao)度概括了秦(qin)滅楚(chu)(chu)、而(er)秦(qin)僅歷(li)二(er)世便被(bei)楚(chu)(chu)推翻的(de)(de)這(zhe)段歷(li)史,以及楚(chu)(chu)康(kang)(kang)(kang)王(wang)后(hou)裔(yi)避(bi)(bi)難谷(gu)中(zhong),在(zai)(zai)此(ci)筑城(cheng)的(de)(de)史實。進得城(cheng)門(men),楚(chu)(chu)風撲面(mian)而(er)來,有(you)(you)懷念(nian)楚(chu)(chu)國(guo)(guo)忠臣三間(jian)大(da)夫屈(qu)原的(de)(de)“大(da)夫灘”,有(you)(you)紀念(nian)康(kang)(kang)(kang)王(wang)后(hou)裔(yi)帶領楚(chu)(chu)人(ren)在(zai)(zai)此(ci)艱(jian)苦創業的(de)(de)“康(kang)(kang)(kang)王(wang)觀”。其(qi)建筑造型(xing)以及附于建筑之(zhi)上(shang)棕褐(he)色的(de)(de)涂料等,均(jun)具(ju)有(you)(you)楚(chu)(chu)文化的(de)(de)氛圍與(yu)特色,因(yin)此(ci),“康(kang)(kang)(kang)王(wang)城(cheng)”又稱(cheng)(cheng)之(zhi)為(wei)(wei)“楚(chu)(chu)城(cheng)”。康(kang)(kang)(kang)王(wang)谷(gu)又俗稱(cheng)(cheng)廬山(shan)(shan)壟,其(qi)壟底(di)有(you)(you)”上(shang)壟”與(yu)“下壟”之(zhi)分,上(shang)壟村(cun)(cun)為(wei)(wei)督里(li)錢(錢姓(xing)(xing))、杜(du)家(吳(wu)(wu)姓(xing)(xing))、余家(余姓(xing)(xing))、帥(shuai)家(帥(shuai)姓(xing)(xing))、汪(wang)家(汪(wang)姓(xing)(xing)),下壟村(cun)(cun)為(wei)(wei)樓下村(cun)(cun)(吳(wu)(wu)姓(xing)(xing))、吳(wu)(wu)官村(cun)(cun)(吳(wu)(wu)姓(xing)(xing)),烏龍村(cun)(cun)現稱(cheng)(cheng)口上(shang)張(zhang)村(cun)(cun)(張(zhang)姓(xing)(xing))。而(er)谷(gu)簾泉對面(mian)有(you)(you)一山(shan)(shan),其(qi)山(shan)(shan)腰有(you)(you)一村(cun)(cun)莊(zhuang),叫(jiao)“半(ban)山(shan)(shan)康(kang)(kang)(kang)家”,這(zhe)些村(cun)(cun)子均(jun)處康(kang)(kang)(kang)王(wang)城(cheng)內。據說,“半(ban)山(shan)(shan)康(kang)(kang)(kang)家”有(you)(you)條(tiao)祖訓:康(kang)(kang)(kang)姓(xing)(xing)不得與(yu)熊姓(xing)(xing)通婚(hun)。皆(jie)因(yin)康(kang)(kang)(kang)王(wang)后(hou)裔(yi)避(bi)(bi)難后(hou),改(gai)姓(xing)(xing)康(kang)(kang)(kang)的(de)(de)原故。康(kang)(kang)(kang)、熊二(er)姓(xing)(xing)至(zhi)今仍然(ran)保留著互不通婚(hun)的(de)(de)習俗。山(shan)(shan)谷(gu)盡頭乃崖(ya)壁險峭,有(you)(you)潭(tan)名烏龍潭(tan),匯聚(ju)筲箕洼之(zhi)水。筲箕洼在(zai)(zai)篤里(li)錢村(cun)(cun),有(you)(you)小道直(zhi)達(da)漢陽峰(feng)(feng)。1938年(nian),廬山(shan)(shan)孤(gu)軍被(bei)日(ri)軍所圍,上(shang)山(shan)(shan)通道均(jun)被(bei)封鎖,蔣經國(guo)(guo)即縱(zong)穿康(kang)(kang)(kang)王(wang)谷(gu),攀走(zou)筲箕洼,登上(shang)漢陽峰(feng)(feng),舉行(xing)升旗儀式。
位(wei)于(yu)(yu)康王(wang)(wang)谷(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)底,督里(li)錢村右(you)下(xia)(xia)方,與筲箕洼(wa)毗鄰。泉(quan)(quan)(quan)水源自漢陽峰,據志書(shu)(shu)記載:“泉(quan)(quan)(quan)水西行(xing)為(wei)(wei)枕石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)崖(ya)所阻,湍怒噴涌,散(san)落紛紜,數十(shi)百縷,斑駁如玉簾(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian),懸注三(san)百五(wu)十(shi)丈(zhang),故名(ming)谷(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)簾(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)泉(quan)(quan)(quan)。亦(yi)匡廬(lu)(lu)第(di)一(yi)(yi)(yi)觀(guan)(guan)(guan)也,”自從唐(tang)代陸(lu)(lu)羽(yu)尋(xun)訪廬(lu)(lu)山,踏勘此(ci)(ci)(ci)地,曾說“谷(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)簾(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)泉(quan)(quan)(quan)水為(wei)(wei)天下(xia)(xia)第(di)一(yi)(yi)(yi)”以(yi)(yi)(yi)來(lai)(lai),吸引(yin)了不(bu)少文化精(jing)英慕名(ming)而(er)(er)(er)至。唐(tang)張又(you)新(xin)《謝山僧(seng)谷(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)簾(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)泉(quan)(quan)(quan)》詩:“消(xiao)渴茂(mao)陵(ling)客,甘(gan)涼廬(lu)(lu)阜(fu)泉(quan)(quan)(quan),瀉從千仞石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),寄(ji)送九江(jiang)船。竹柜(ju)新(xin)茶(cha)(cha)出,銅鐺(dang)活(huo)火(huo)煎,散(san)花(hua)(hua)浮晚菊,沸沫響秋蟬。……超遞康王(wang)(wang)谷(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu),塵埃陸(lu)(lu)羽(yu)篇。何當(dang)結茅屋,長在(zai)(zai)(zai)水簾(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)前(qian)(qian)(qian)。”宋(song)陳舜愈《谷(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)簾(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)泉(quan)(quan)(quan)》詩:“玉簾(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)鋪水半天垂(chui),行(xing)客尋(xun)山至此(ci)(ci)(ci)稀;陸(lu)(lu)羽(yu)品題(ti)真黼黻,黃州吟詠盡(jin)珠(zhu)璣(ji)。重來(lai)(lai)一(yi)(yi)(yi)酌非無分,未挈吾瓶可忍歸;終欲窮源登絕頂,帶(dai)云和(he)月(yue)弄清暉。”詩人(ren)(ren)(ren)們(men)(men)把(ba)對(dui)谷(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)簾(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)泉(quan)(quan)(quan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)眷戀之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)情發揮(hui)到極致(zhi)。后(hou)任(ren)南康知軍的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)朱(zhu)熹則(ze)生怕谷(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)簾(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)泉(quan)(quan)(quan)過(guo)(guo)于(yu)(yu)寂(ji)寞,于(yu)(yu)是,利用門身(shen)“地方長官優勢”和(he)“名(ming)人(ren)(ren)(ren)效應”,在(zai)(zai)(zai)過(guo)(guo)觀(guan)(guan)(guan)口山門前(qian)(qian)(qian)行(xing)一(yi)(yi)(yi)里(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地方,也就是“回馬石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)”附(fu)近,用隸體(ti)書(shu)(shu)寫(xie)“谷(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)簾(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)泉(quan)(quan)(quan)”三(san)字(zi),刻于(yu)(yu)澗旁(pang)崖(ya)壁之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)上(shang)(shang)(shang),以(yi)(yi)(yi)此(ci)(ci)(ci)招徠游客。在(zai)(zai)(zai)世人(ren)(ren)(ren)眼(yan)中(zhong),谷(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)簾(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)泉(quan)(quan)(quan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)真容,千余年(nian)來(lai)(lai),被定(ding)格在(zai)(zai)(zai)一(yi)(yi)(yi)種依稀的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)朦朧之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong)。今(jin)天,我們(men)(men)終于(yu)(yu)揭(jie)開了谷(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)簾(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)泉(quan)(quan)(quan)新(xin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)世紀,那瑰偉絕特的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)身(shen)姿,那動(dong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)心魄(po)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)神(shen)韻,已經(jing)可以(yi)(yi)(yi)通過(guo)(guo)簡(jian)易便(bian)捷的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)登臨(lin),為(wei)(wei)人(ren)(ren)(ren)們(men)(men)提供較好的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)審(shen)美視角。我們(men)(men)已經(jing)進入(ru)康王(wang)(wang)城(cheng),前(qian)(qian)(qian)行(xing)百余步,其右(you)側有(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)(yi)呈40度(du)傾斜的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)花(hua)(hua)崗石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)階梯,百余級(ji),拾級(ji)而(er)(er)(er)上(shang)(shang)(shang),至山門,有(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)(yi)檐式(shi)牌坊(fang),四(si)(si)柱(zhu)三(san)門,雄奇挺拔(ba),古拙素(su)雅,額枋橫刻“天下(xia)(xia)第(di)—泉(quan)(quan)(quan)”五(wu)字(zi),靈(ling)秀飛(fei)動(dong),遒勁飄(piao)(piao)逸。坊(fang)內一(yi)(yi)(yi)側為(wei)(wei)“陸(lu)(lu)羽(yu)茶(cha)(cha)莊”,另(ling)一(yi)(yi)(yi)側則(ze)有(you)(you)“陸(lu)(lu)羽(yu)品茶(cha)(cha)碑”。沿(yan)著花(hua)(hua)崗石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)便(bian)道緩步前(qian)(qian)(qian)行(xing),山壁之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)間及道旁(pang)巖(yan)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)多有(you)(you)題(ti)刻。數度(du)曲折,至一(yi)(yi)(yi)亭(ting),名(ming)“觀(guan)(guan)(guan)瀑(pu)(pu)亭(ting)”,四(si)(si)角四(si)(si)柱(zhu),立(li)(li)于(yu)(yu)危崖(ya)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)上(shang)(shang)(shang),單層(ceng),小巧,亭(ting)頂為(wei)(wei)垂(chui)直(zhi)弧線形(xing)(xing)(xing),造型(xing)獨特。站立(li)(li)亭(ting)中(zhong),谷(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)簾(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)泉(quan)(quan)(quan)盡(jin)收眼(yan)底,這(zhe)(zhe)里(li)是從側面觀(guan)(guan)(guan)瀑(pu)(pu)較好的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)位(wei)置。出亭(ting),下(xia)(xia)坡,兩度(du)轉折,至—單拱(gong)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)橋(qiao)(qiao),石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)橋(qiao)(qiao)橫臥澗溪(xi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)上(shang)(shang)(shang),名(ming)“鴻(hong)漸橋(qiao)(qiao)”,陸(lu)(lu)羽(yu)字(zi)鴻(hong)漸,是為(wei)(wei)紀念這(zhe)(zhe)位(wei)“茶(cha)(cha)圣(sheng)”發現(xian)(xian)此(ci)(ci)(ci)泉(quan)(quan)(quan)而(er)(er)(er)設。立(li)(li)于(yu)(yu)橋(qiao)(qiao)上(shang)(shang)(shang),谷(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)簾(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)泉(quan)(quan)(quan)以(yi)(yi)(yi)全景式(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)立(li)(li)體(ti)畫面展(zhan)現(xian)(xian)在(zai)(zai)(zai)人(ren)(ren)(ren)們(men)(men)面前(qian)(qian)(qian)-過(guo)(guo)橋(qiao)(qiao),巖(yan)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)又(you)立(li)(li)一(yi)(yi)(yi)亭(ting),名(ming)“仰(yang)(yang)止亭(ting)”,六(liu)(liu)角六(liu)(liu)柱(zhu),分上(shang)(shang)(shang)下(xia)(xia)兩層(ceng),雙檐飛(fei)翹,下(xia)(xia)層(ceng)有(you)(you)護欄(lan),欄(lan)下(xia)(xia)有(you)(you)條凳(deng),另(ling)辟(pi)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)階至上(shang)(shang)(shang)層(ceng),四(si)(si)周設腰欄(lan),有(you)(you)月(yue)形(xing)(xing)(xing)竹聯一(yi)(yi)(yi)副(fu):“谷(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)簾(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)泉(quan)(quan)(quan)醉桃花(hua)(hua)源;仰(yang)(yang)止亭(ting)懷陸(lu)(lu)羽(yu)仙”,竹聯為(wei)(wei)鵝黃色,與亭(ting)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)棕褐色形(xing)(xing)(xing)成鮮明反差(cha),極為(wei)(wei)醒(xing)目(mu)。橋(qiao)(qiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)下(xia)(xia)方,怪石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)嶙(lin)峋,水行(xing)其間,激浪飛(fei)濺。再下(xia)(xia),則(ze)一(yi)(yi)(yi)深潭(tan),相對(dui)靜謐溫順(shun),水溢潭(tan)外,復又(you)奔騰咆(pao)哮。潭(tan)壁有(you)(you)“高山流(liu)水”、“到此(ci)(ci)(ci)無塵”、“聽瀑(pu)(pu)”、“轟鳴不(bu)息”等石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)刻。瀑(pu)(pu)崖(ya)高數十(shi)米(mi),寬十(shi)幾米(mi),崖(ya)壁腹部(bu)平(ping)整稍凸,逐使飛(fei)瀑(pu)(pu)能依壁而(er)(er)(er)下(xia)(xia)形(xing)(xing)(xing)成“簾(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)”式(shi)結構,“簾(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)”與“簾(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)”之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)間,以(yi)(yi)(yi)水柱(zhu)相隔,初(chu)分五(wu)道,至中(zhong)部(bu),復成七道,中(zhong)無空隙,形(xing)(xing)(xing)成統(tong)一(yi)(yi)(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)特大的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“簾(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)”體(ti)。又(you)因泉(quan)(quan)(quan)流(liu)下(xia)(xia)瀉迅疾,互相磨擦(ca)碰撞,進發出千萬顆(ke)微型(xing)粒狀水珠(zhu),故人(ren)(ren)(ren)們(men)(men)稱其為(wei)(wei)“谷(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)簾(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)泉(quan)(quan)(quan)”,十(shi)分形(xing)(xing)(xing)象而(er)(er)(er)生動(dong)地概括了這(zhe)(zhe)一(yi)(yi)(yi)奇觀(guan)(guan)(guan)。其左側崖(ya)壁刻“天下(xia)(xia)第(di)一(yi)(yi)(yi)泉(quan)(quan)(quan)”五(wu)個大字(zi),實在(zai)(zai)(zai)是為(wei)(wei)這(zhe)(zhe)一(yi)(yi)(yi)奇觀(guan)(guan)(guan)壯(zhuang)色的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)神(shen)來(lai)(lai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)筆。從美學角度(du)看(kan),在(zai)(zai)(zai)觀(guan)(guan)(guan)瀑(pu)(pu)亭(ting)觀(guan)(guan)(guan)瀑(pu)(pu),有(you)(you)迷(mi)離朦朧之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)美;在(zai)(zai)(zai)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)橋(qiao)(qiao)觀(guan)(guan)(guan)瀑(pu)(pu),直(zhi)面巨瀑(pu)(pu)飛(fei)流(liu)奔瀉而(er)(er)(er)下(xia)(xia),則(ze)有(you)(you)雄奇豪放之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)美;立(li)(li)于(yu)(yu)仰(yang)(yang)止亭(ting)上(shang)(shang)(shang)層(ceng)觀(guan)(guan)(guan)瀑(pu)(pu),有(you)(you)淋漓通暢(chang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)美;而(er)(er)(er)坐于(yu)(yu)仰(yang)(yang)止亭(ting)下(xia)(xia)層(ceng),身(shen)倚欄(lan)桿,悠閑仰(yang)(yang)觀(guan)(guan)(guan),則(ze)又(you)有(you)(you)飄(piao)(piao)逸飛(fei)動(dong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)美。人(ren)(ren)(ren)與自然,在(zai)(zai)(zai)此(ci)(ci)(ci)達到高度(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)和(he)諧統(tong)一(yi)(yi)(yi)。
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