廬(lu)山桃(tao)花源(yuan)風景(jing)名(ming)勝區(qu)是中(zhong)國田園詩(shi)歌鼻祖、東晉大(da)詩(shi)人陶淵明(ming)的傳世名(ming)作《桃(tao)花源(yuan)記》創作原型地,是世界自(zi)然文化名(ming)山—廬(lu)山的重(zhong)要組成部分。
桃花源景區不僅自然風光秀麗,且歷史涵蘊深厚,人文景觀眾多。景區內有楚人村、康王谷、恩(en)桃庵(an)、陸(lu)羽亭等遺(yi)址;有陶淵明(ming)、歐陽修、蘇軾(shi)、黃庭堅(jian)等歷代(dai)名(ming)家詠(yong)康王谷和谷簾泉的大量詩文和所留下(xia)的摩巖石刻,是(shi)旅游(you)休閑、度(du)假避暑勝地(di)。
位(wei)于康王(wang)谷(gu)人口(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)處。漢時(shi)這一(yi)帶有(you)(you)(you)(you)銅馬(ma)廟,南(nan)朝梁代建有(you)(you)(you)(you)康王(wang)觀(guan),宋時(shi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)景德觀(guan),今俱廢,而(er)(er)“觀(guan)口(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)”之名卻保留至(zhi)今。觀(guan)口(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)外一(yi)側,有(you)(you)(you)(you)一(yi)山埂,名“桃(tao)花尖(jian)”,位(wei)于觀(guan)口(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)從谷(gu)中(zhong)流(liu)出的(de)溪水旁,高約400余米,面積(ji)約800余畝,廣植桃(tao)樹,因觀(guan)口(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)一(yi)帶地(di)勢平坦,惟(wei)以(yi)(yi)桃(tao)花尖(jian)山埂兀(wu)突(tu),當(dang)春(chun)季桃(tao)花盛開之時(shi),便覺(jue)特別爛漫醒(xing)目。觀(guan)口(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)前方(fang),即往隘口(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)道旁,有(you)(you)(you)(you)一(yi)老松,其(qi)干佝僂偃伏,遠觀(guan)似(si)老人駝(tuo)背,故俗(su)稱“駝(tuo)背樹”,其(qi)枝虬節盤旋而(er)(er)上(shang),針葉青(qing)(qing)蔥,樹皮光(guang)滑顯銀白色,為(wei)(wei)(wei)林木一(yi)大(da)奇觀(guan)。觀(guan)口(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)山門,由(you)一(yi)座花崗青(qing)(qing)石(shi)石(shi)刻(ke)牌(pai)(pai)坊(fang)組建而(er)(er)成(cheng),為(wei)(wei)(wei)“四(si)柱(zhu)三門”式,柱(zhu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)正長方(fang)形,頂端為(wei)(wei)(wei)圓形,四(si)柱(zhu)均(jun)突(tu)破橫(heng)(heng)額枋而(er)(er)聳立天(tian)際。柱(zhu)的(de)下端前后(hou)均(jun)以(yi)(yi)鼓形石(shi)枋相砌。額枋正中(zhong)有(you)(you)(you)(you)毛澤東手書“桃(tao)花源”三字石(shi)刻(ke),由(you)星子縣石(shi)雕高手仿毛澤東七律《登廬山》墨(mo)跡精(jing)(jing)刻(ke)而(er)(er)成(cheng)。石(shi)柱(zhu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)石(shi)刻(ke)對聯一(yi)副:“世上(shang)無(wu)雙夢;天(tian)下第一(yi)泉”.背面對聯為(wei)(wei)(wei):“千(qian)秋康王(wang)谷(gu);萬古(gu)陶令(ling)篇(pian)”。牌(pai)(pai)坊(fang)結構(gou)新穎(ying),制(zhi)作精(jing)(jing)巧,石(shi)料采(cai)自星子縣橫(heng)(heng)塘玉泉山,質地(di)玉潤,灰中(zhong)透白,無(wu)雕飾,略有(you)(you)(you)(you)紋刻(ke),全以(yi)(yi)本色為(wei)(wei)(wei)工,以(yi)(yi)古(gu)樸為(wei)(wei)(wei)質,與(yu)整(zheng)個桃(tao)花源景區的(de)自然景觀(guan)和人文景觀(guan)融(rong)為(wei)(wei)(wei)一(yi)體,實為(wei)(wei)(wei)牌(pai)(pai)坊(fang)雕刻(ke)作品中(zhong)的(de)上(shang)乘之作。
進山門一里,有“回馬(ma)石”遺跡,此(ci)即秦國大將王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)翦(jian)(jian)追楚(chu)(chu)(chu)康(kang)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)后(hou)裔不得處(chu)。關于(yu)(yu)康(kang)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)谷(gu)的(de)(de)來歷(li)(li),多種(zhong)志書均有記載。傳(chuan)說(shuo):秦始(shi)皇二十四(si)年(前(qian)223年)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)翦(jian)(jian)伐(fa)楚(chu)(chu)(chu),康(kang)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)后(hou)裔避難于(yu)(yu)廬山谷(gu)中(zhong),“翦(jian)(jian)追之急,天(tian)忽大風(feng)雷雨,翦(jian)(jian)人馬(ma)不能前(qian)。得脫,遂隱谷(gu)中(zhong)不出(chu),因名(ming)其(qi)谷(gu)曰康(kang)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)谷(gu)。”而(er)“回馬(ma)石”則是秦將王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)翦(jian)(jian)“回馬(ma)”的(de)(de)地(di)方。康(kang)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)谷(gu)又稱(cheng)“楚(chu)(chu)(chu)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)谷(gu)”,據清同治(zhi)版(ban)校(xiao)點(dian)本《星子縣志》載:“昔(xi)始(shi)皇并(bing)六(liu)國,楚(chu)(chu)(chu)康(kang)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)昭為秦將王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)翦(jian)(jian)所(suo)窘,逃于(yu)(yu)此(ci),故名(ming)楚(chu)(chu)(chu)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)谷(gu)。”從歷(li)(li)史傳(chuan)說(shuo)這個角度(du)看.康(kang)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)谷(gu)的(de)(de)歷(li)(li)史已有2223年了。
問津堂 過回馬石(shi),抵問津堂。有單層建筑三棟,青瓦白(bai)樓,小巧古樸,彼此相(xiang)連。背(bei)山面(mian)溪,溪旁立(li)一(yi)大石(shi),上刻(ke)“世外桃(tao)源(yuan)”四字,前(qian)行十余米,臨溪一(yi)亭,名“問津亭”。亭額“凈土”二(er)字,中有一(yi)聯(lian):“桃(tao)花源(yuan)出(chu)康(kang)(kang)王谷(gu);彭澤(ze)令(ling)即(ji)武陵漁”。這(zhe)一(yi)景點(dian)與觀(guan)口山門“桃(tao)花源(yuan)”牌(pai)坊相(xiang)呼應,把陶淵明(ming)散文《桃(tao)花源(yuan)記》的出(chu)處與康(kang)(kang)王谷(gu)聯(lian)系起來。陶淵明(ming),字元亮,一(yi)說名潛(qian),字淵明(ming),潯陽(yang)柴桑(今江西星子縣(xian))人。生于晉(jin)哀(ai)帝興(xing)寧三年(nian)(365年(nian)),卒(zu)于宋(song)文帝元嘉四年(nian)(427年(nian))。卒(zu)后友朋私(si)溢“靖節(jie)”。早年(nian)曾任(ren)江州祭酒(jiu)、鎮軍參(can)軍、彭澤(ze)
令等職,后因厭惡(e)官場污濁,遂退隱農(nong)村。今星子縣山南的(de)玉京、栗里(li)、醉(zui)石(shi)等風景點,均留下他的(de)遺跡。陶淵(yuan)明(ming)的(de)大(da)半生處于(yu)我國封(feng)建社會史上(shang)一個大(da)分裂、大(da)混亂的(de)黑暗時代,由于(yu)社會的(de)動亂,玄風的(de)盛行(xing),東(dong)晉文(wen)人競尚浮誕,馳騁玄理,詩壇為玄言(yan)詩所統(tong)治。晉末
宋初(chu),佛(fo)教(jiao)哲理又被引人(ren)文學(xue)(xue)創作(zuo)。陶(tao)淵明生活(huo)在(zai)當時那樣(yang)一個思想空(kong)虛、文學(xue)(xue)貧困的(de)(de)年代,他并(bing)沒有(you)像清淡玄(xuan)學(xue)(xue)家那樣(yang)狂放不羈,也(ye)沒有(you)像佛(fo)教(jiao)徒(tu)那樣(yang)無慮無營,而(er)是在(zai)現實生活(huo)和文學(xue)(xue)創作(zuo)上(shang),獨特地走著自(zi)己的(de)(de)道路(lu),形成(cheng)一種單(dan)純自(zi)然的(de)(de)新穎風格,成(cheng)為中國(guo)文學(xue)(xue)發展史上(shang)的(de)(de)詩人(ren)和散文家。《桃(tao)花源記(ji)》整個作(zuo)品都閃耀著理想的(de)(de)光輝,在(zai)中國(guo)古代散文中素(su)享盛名。
離開問津堂,沿溪北行數里,康王谷(gu)開始顯示出它的(de)幽深古奧,兩旁山峰挺(ting)拔(ba),樹木蔥(cong)蘢(long),谷(gu)口最窄處,僅十余米。又數十步,忽峰回(hui)路轉,蒼(cang)松翠(cui)竹,花(hua)香鳥語,則又有(you)一番景(jing)(jing)致。溪側有(you)桃(tao)(tao)葉渡、桃(tao)(tao)源(yuan)(yuan)洞諸(zhu)景(jing)(jing)。《桃(tao)(tao)花(hua)源(yuan)(yuan)記(ji)》開篇(pian)說:“晉(jin)太元中(zhong),武陵人(ren)捕(bu)魚為業,緣溪行,忘路之遠(yuan)近。忽逢(feng)桃(tao)(tao)花(hua)林,夾岸數百步,中(zhong)無雜樹,芳草鮮美,落英繽(bin)紛。”來到這里,游(you)人(ren)能不被景(jing)(jing)觀所陶(tao)醉(zui)而“忘路”嗎?
這是(shi)“忘路(lu)谷(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)”的延伸與推進,也(ye)是(shi)在谷(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)中行(xing)走(zou)時“忽峰回路(lu)轉”出(chu)現的景(jing)觀。谷(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)溪(xi)(xi)源于漢陽峰的谷(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)簾(lian)泉,噴薄(bo)而出(chu),奔(ben)流直瀉(xie),蜿(wan)蜒曲折,縱(zong)穿整個康(kang)王(wang)谷(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu),從谷(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)口流出(chu),經(jing)觀口山門,注入鄱陽湖(hu)。大小不(bu)一(yi)的卵石(shi)散臥(wo)溪(xi)(xi)中,受水(shui)擊打,發(fa)出(chu)大小不(bu)一(yi)的巨響,永無停歇。谷(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)溪(xi)(xi)一(yi)側(ce)傍山,另一(yi)側(ce)則用卵石(shi)壘疊而成數米(mi)高的谷(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)堤(di),堤(di)上復為路(lu),這就成了我(wo)們游(you)人“緣溪(xi)(xi)行(xing)”所走(zou)的路(lu)了。桃花溪(xi)(xi)因(yin)桃花林而得(de)名,唐王(wang)維(wei)《桃源行(xing)》詩:“漁(yu)舟逐水(shui)愛(ai)山村,兩岸(an)桃花夾古(gu)津。……春來(lai)遍是(shi)桃花水(shui),不(bu)辨(bian)仙源何(he)處尋。”也(ye)許,王(wang)維(wei)曾(ceng)來(lai)過此地興游(you)。
《桃(tao)花源(yuan)記》說:“林(lin)盡水源(yuan),便得一山(shan)。山(shan)有(you)小口,仿佛若有(you)光;便舍船從口入。初極狹,才通人;復行數十步,豁然開朗。土地(di)平曠,屋舍儼(yan)然,有(you)良田美池桑竹之屬;阡陌(mo)交通,雞犬相聞。”康(kang)王(wang)谷有(you)九個(ge)自然村,均沿谷而(er)(er)居(ju),有(you)張(zhang)、吳(wu)、帥、汪、余、錢、康(kang)、等(deng)姓氏。建筑多為單層人字形(xing),泥磚相混結(jie)構(gou),間以(yi)小院,院內外及(ji)村之四周,廣(guang)植桃(tao)樹。緣(yuan)溪而(er)(er)行,所逢第一個(ge)村莊名(ming)“口上張(zhang)村”。其(qi)問茂(mao)林(lin)修竹,茅籬草舍,野趣天成,其(qi)民(min)風(feng)淳樸,尤存古意。凡五六月來到這里,村旁溪畔的桃(tao)樹已(yi)是果實累累,摘桃(tao)一袋,略給(gei)幾(ji)錢,在溪頭用泉(quan)水略洗,即(ji)可作(zuo)為旅途美食。將離去(qu),村民(min)猶呼:“下次再來。”據傳(chuan)(chuan),楚(chu)康(kang)王(wang)后(hou)裔避難(nan)谷中,滿山(shan)遍野都是野桃(tao)樹,他們即(ji)以(yi)桃(tao)為食,渡過難(nan)關(guan)。后(hou)人便把桃(tao)樹稱之為“恩(en)桃(tao)樹”,其(qi)果,即(ji)名(ming)“恩(en)桃(tao)”,流傳(chuan)(chuan)至(zhi)今。
行至(zhi)康(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)王(wang)(wang)(wang)谷(gu)(gu)(gu)底(di),一(yi)座雄(xiong)關豁(huo)然迎面而立(li),高約8米余(yu),上設雉堞,堅如(ru)磐石。巨形拱門(men)之(zhi)上有(you)(you)(you)額枋一(yi)方,書“楚(chu)城(cheng)”二字,兩側一(yi)聯:”楚(chu)雖三戶亡(wang)秦(qin)(qin)必楚(chu);秦(qin)(qin)唯二世(shi)起楚(chu)非秦(qin)(qin)”,高度概(gai)括(kuo)了秦(qin)(qin)滅楚(chu)、而秦(qin)(qin)僅(jin)歷二世(shi)便被楚(chu)推翻的這(zhe)(zhe)段歷史,以及楚(chu)康(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)王(wang)(wang)(wang)后(hou)裔避難谷(gu)(gu)(gu)中,在(zai)此(ci)筑城(cheng)的史實。進得(de)城(cheng)門(men),楚(chu)風撲面而來,有(you)(you)(you)懷(huai)念(nian)楚(chu)國忠臣三間大夫屈原(yuan)的“大夫灘(tan)”,有(you)(you)(you)紀念(nian)康(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)王(wang)(wang)(wang)后(hou)裔帶(dai)領楚(chu)人在(zai)此(ci)艱苦(ku)創(chuang)業的“康(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)王(wang)(wang)(wang)觀”。其(qi)(qi)建(jian)筑造型以及附于建(jian)筑之(zhi)上棕褐色的涂料等(deng),均具(ju)有(you)(you)(you)楚(chu)文化的氛圍(wei)與(yu)特色,因(yin)(yin)此(ci),“康(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)王(wang)(wang)(wang)城(cheng)”又稱之(zhi)為“楚(chu)城(cheng)”。康(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)王(wang)(wang)(wang)谷(gu)(gu)(gu)又俗稱廬山壟(long)(long),其(qi)(qi)壟(long)(long)底(di)有(you)(you)(you)”上壟(long)(long)”與(yu)“下壟(long)(long)”之(zhi)分,上壟(long)(long)村(cun)為督(du)里(li)錢(錢姓(xing))、杜家(jia)(吳姓(xing))、余(yu)家(jia)(余(yu)姓(xing))、帥家(jia)(帥姓(xing))、汪(wang)家(jia)(汪(wang)姓(xing)),下壟(long)(long)村(cun)為樓下村(cun)(吳姓(xing))、吳官村(cun)(吳姓(xing)),烏龍(long)(long)村(cun)現稱口上張(zhang)(zhang)村(cun)(張(zhang)(zhang)姓(xing))。而谷(gu)(gu)(gu)簾泉對面有(you)(you)(you)一(yi)山,其(qi)(qi)山腰(yao)有(you)(you)(you)一(yi)村(cun)莊(zhuang),叫(jiao)“半(ban)山康(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)家(jia)”,這(zhe)(zhe)些村(cun)子(zi)均處康(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)王(wang)(wang)(wang)城(cheng)內。據說(shuo),“半(ban)山康(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)家(jia)”有(you)(you)(you)條祖訓(xun):康(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)姓(xing)不得(de)與(yu)熊(xiong)姓(xing)通婚(hun)。皆因(yin)(yin)康(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)王(wang)(wang)(wang)后(hou)裔避難后(hou),改姓(xing)康(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)的原(yuan)故。康(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)、熊(xiong)二姓(xing)至(zhi)今(jin)仍然保(bao)留著(zhu)互(hu)不通婚(hun)的習俗。山谷(gu)(gu)(gu)盡頭乃崖壁(bi)險峭,有(you)(you)(you)潭名烏龍(long)(long)潭,匯(hui)聚筲箕洼(wa)(wa)之(zhi)水(shui)。筲箕洼(wa)(wa)在(zai)篤里(li)錢村(cun),有(you)(you)(you)小道直(zhi)達漢陽峰。1938年,廬山孤軍(jun)被日軍(jun)所圍(wei),上山通道均被封鎖,蔣(jiang)經(jing)國即縱穿康(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)王(wang)(wang)(wang)谷(gu)(gu)(gu),攀走筲箕洼(wa)(wa),登上漢陽峰,舉(ju)行升旗儀式。
位于(yu)(yu)(yu)康(kang)王(wang)谷(gu)(gu)底(di),督(du)里錢村右下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)方(fang)(fang),與筲箕洼毗鄰(lin)。泉(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)水源(yuan)自(zi)(zi)漢陽(yang)峰(feng),據志書(shu)記(ji)載(zai):“泉(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)水西行(xing)為(wei)(wei)枕石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)崖所阻,湍(tuan)怒噴涌,散落紛紜,數十百(bai)(bai)縷,斑駁(bo)如(ru)玉(yu)簾(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian),懸注三百(bai)(bai)五十丈,故(gu)名谷(gu)(gu)簾(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)泉(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)。亦匡廬(lu)第(di)一(yi)觀(guan)(guan)也(ye),”自(zi)(zi)從(cong)(cong)唐代陸(lu)(lu)羽尋訪廬(lu)山(shan)(shan),踏勘此(ci)地,曾說“谷(gu)(gu)簾(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)泉(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)水為(wei)(wei)天(tian)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)第(di)一(yi)”以來,吸(xi)引了不少文化精英慕名而(er)(er)至(zhi)。唐張又(you)(you)新(xin)《謝山(shan)(shan)僧谷(gu)(gu)簾(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)泉(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)》詩:“消渴(ke)茂陵客(ke),甘涼廬(lu)阜泉(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan),瀉(xie)從(cong)(cong)千(qian)仞石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),寄送(song)九江(jiang)船(chuan)。竹柜新(xin)茶出(chu),銅鐺活火(huo)煎,散花(hua)浮晚(wan)菊,沸沫響秋蟬。……超(chao)遞康(kang)王(wang)谷(gu)(gu),塵(chen)埃(ai)陸(lu)(lu)羽篇。何(he)當(dang)結茅屋,長(chang)在(zai)(zai)(zai)水簾(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)前。”宋陳舜愈《谷(gu)(gu)簾(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)泉(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)》詩:“玉(yu)簾(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)鋪水半天(tian)垂(chui),行(xing)客(ke)尋山(shan)(shan)至(zhi)此(ci)稀;陸(lu)(lu)羽品題真黼黻,黃州(zhou)吟詠(yong)盡珠璣。重來一(yi)酌非無(wu)分(fen)(fen),未挈(qie)吾瓶可(ke)忍歸(gui);終(zhong)(zhong)欲窮源(yuan)登絕頂,帶云和(he)(he)(he)月弄清暉。”詩人(ren)(ren)們(men)(men)把對谷(gu)(gu)簾(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)泉(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)的(de)(de)眷戀(lian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)情發(fa)(fa)揮到極致。后任南(nan)康(kang)知軍(jun)的(de)(de)朱熹則(ze)(ze)(ze)生(sheng)怕谷(gu)(gu)簾(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)泉(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)過于(yu)(yu)(yu)寂寞,于(yu)(yu)(yu)是(shi),利用門(men)身(shen)(shen)“地方(fang)(fang)長(chang)官優勢(shi)”和(he)(he)(he)“名人(ren)(ren)效應”,在(zai)(zai)(zai)過觀(guan)(guan)口(kou)山(shan)(shan)門(men)前行(xing)一(yi)里的(de)(de)地方(fang)(fang),也(ye)就是(shi)“回馬石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)”附近,用隸體(ti)書(shu)寫“谷(gu)(gu)簾(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)泉(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)”三字(zi),刻(ke)于(yu)(yu)(yu)澗旁崖壁(bi)(bi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)上(shang)(shang)(shang),以此(ci)招徠游客(ke)。在(zai)(zai)(zai)世人(ren)(ren)眼中,谷(gu)(gu)簾(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)泉(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)的(de)(de)真容(rong),千(qian)余(yu)年來,被定格在(zai)(zai)(zai)一(yi)種依稀的(de)(de)朦(meng)朧之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中。今天(tian),我們(men)(men)終(zhong)(zhong)于(yu)(yu)(yu)揭開了谷(gu)(gu)簾(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)泉(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)新(xin)的(de)(de)世紀(ji),那瑰偉絕特(te)的(de)(de)身(shen)(shen)姿,那動(dong)人(ren)(ren)心魄的(de)(de)神(shen)韻,已(yi)經(jing)(jing)可(ke)以通過簡易(yi)便(bian)(bian)捷的(de)(de)登臨,為(wei)(wei)人(ren)(ren)們(men)(men)提(ti)供較(jiao)好的(de)(de)審美(mei)視(shi)角。我們(men)(men)已(yi)經(jing)(jing)進(jin)入康(kang)王(wang)城(cheng),前行(xing)百(bai)(bai)余(yu)步(bu),其(qi)右側有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)一(yi)呈40度傾斜的(de)(de)花(hua)崗(gang)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)階梯(ti),百(bai)(bai)余(yu)級,拾級而(er)(er)上(shang)(shang)(shang),至(zhi)山(shan)(shan)門(men),有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)一(yi)檐式牌坊(fang),四柱三門(men),雄奇挺拔,古拙素雅,額枋橫刻(ke)“天(tian)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)第(di)—泉(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)”五字(zi),靈秀飛(fei)動(dong),遒勁飄逸。坊(fang)內一(yi)側為(wei)(wei)“陸(lu)(lu)羽茶莊”,另一(yi)側則(ze)(ze)(ze)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)“陸(lu)(lu)羽品茶碑”。沿(yan)著(zhu)花(hua)崗(gang)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)便(bian)(bian)道(dao)(dao)緩步(bu)前行(xing),山(shan)(shan)壁(bi)(bi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)間(jian)(jian)及道(dao)(dao)旁巖石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)多(duo)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)題刻(ke)。數度曲折(zhe),至(zhi)一(yi)亭(ting)(ting),名“觀(guan)(guan)瀑(pu)(pu)亭(ting)(ting)”,四角四柱,立(li)(li)于(yu)(yu)(yu)危崖之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)上(shang)(shang)(shang),單(dan)層(ceng)(ceng),小(xiao)巧,亭(ting)(ting)頂為(wei)(wei)垂(chui)直(zhi)弧線形(xing)(xing),造型獨特(te)。站立(li)(li)亭(ting)(ting)中,谷(gu)(gu)簾(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)泉(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)盡收眼底(di),這里是(shi)從(cong)(cong)側面觀(guan)(guan)瀑(pu)(pu)較(jiao)好的(de)(de)位置。出(chu)亭(ting)(ting),下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)坡(po),兩(liang)度轉折(zhe),至(zhi)—單(dan)拱(gong)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)橋(qiao)(qiao),石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)橋(qiao)(qiao)橫臥澗溪(xi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)上(shang)(shang)(shang),名“鴻漸(jian)橋(qiao)(qiao)”,陸(lu)(lu)羽字(zi)鴻漸(jian),是(shi)為(wei)(wei)紀(ji)念這位“茶圣(sheng)”發(fa)(fa)現(xian)此(ci)泉(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)而(er)(er)設。立(li)(li)于(yu)(yu)(yu)橋(qiao)(qiao)上(shang)(shang)(shang),谷(gu)(gu)簾(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)泉(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)以全景式的(de)(de)立(li)(li)體(ti)畫(hua)面展現(xian)在(zai)(zai)(zai)人(ren)(ren)們(men)(men)面前-過橋(qiao)(qiao),巖石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)又(you)(you)立(li)(li)一(yi)亭(ting)(ting),名“仰(yang)止(zhi)亭(ting)(ting)”,六(liu)角六(liu)柱,分(fen)(fen)上(shang)(shang)(shang)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)兩(liang)層(ceng)(ceng),雙(shuang)檐飛(fei)翹(qiao),下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)層(ceng)(ceng)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)護欄,欄下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)條凳,另辟石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)階至(zhi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)層(ceng)(ceng),四周設腰欄,有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)月形(xing)(xing)竹聯(lian)一(yi)副:“谷(gu)(gu)簾(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)泉(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)醉桃花(hua)源(yuan);仰(yang)止(zhi)亭(ting)(ting)懷陸(lu)(lu)羽仙”,竹聯(lian)為(wei)(wei)鵝黃色(se),與亭(ting)(ting)的(de)(de)棕褐色(se)形(xing)(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)鮮明反差,極為(wei)(wei)醒目。橋(qiao)(qiao)的(de)(de)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)方(fang)(fang),怪(guai)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)嶙峋,水行(xing)其(qi)間(jian)(jian),激浪飛(fei)濺。再下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia),則(ze)(ze)(ze)一(yi)深潭,相(xiang)對靜(jing)謐溫順,水溢(yi)潭外,復又(you)(you)奔(ben)騰咆哮。潭壁(bi)(bi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)“高(gao)山(shan)(shan)流水”、“到此(ci)無(wu)塵(chen)”、“聽瀑(pu)(pu)”、“轟鳴不息”等石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)刻(ke)。瀑(pu)(pu)崖高(gao)數十米,寬十幾米,崖壁(bi)(bi)腹(fu)部(bu)平整(zheng)稍凸,逐使飛(fei)瀑(pu)(pu)能依壁(bi)(bi)而(er)(er)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)形(xing)(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)“簾(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)”式結構,“簾(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)”與“簾(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)”之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)間(jian)(jian),以水柱相(xiang)隔,初分(fen)(fen)五道(dao)(dao),至(zhi)中部(bu),復成(cheng)(cheng)七道(dao)(dao),中無(wu)空隙,形(xing)(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)統一(yi)的(de)(de)特(te)大的(de)(de)“簾(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)”體(ti)。又(you)(you)因泉(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)流下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)瀉(xie)迅疾,互相(xiang)磨擦碰撞(zhuang),進(jin)發(fa)(fa)出(chu)千(qian)萬顆微型粒狀水珠,故(gu)人(ren)(ren)們(men)(men)稱其(qi)為(wei)(wei)“谷(gu)(gu)簾(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)泉(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)”,十分(fen)(fen)形(xing)(xing)象而(er)(er)生(sheng)動(dong)地概括了這一(yi)奇觀(guan)(guan)。其(qi)左側崖壁(bi)(bi)刻(ke)“天(tian)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)第(di)一(yi)泉(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)”五個(ge)大字(zi),實在(zai)(zai)(zai)是(shi)為(wei)(wei)這一(yi)奇觀(guan)(guan)壯色(se)的(de)(de)神(shen)來之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)筆。從(cong)(cong)美(mei)學(xue)角度看(kan),在(zai)(zai)(zai)觀(guan)(guan)瀑(pu)(pu)亭(ting)(ting)觀(guan)(guan)瀑(pu)(pu),有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)迷離朦(meng)朧之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)美(mei);在(zai)(zai)(zai)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)橋(qiao)(qiao)觀(guan)(guan)瀑(pu)(pu),直(zhi)面巨(ju)瀑(pu)(pu)飛(fei)流奔(ben)瀉(xie)而(er)(er)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia),則(ze)(ze)(ze)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)雄奇豪放(fang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)美(mei);立(li)(li)于(yu)(yu)(yu)仰(yang)止(zhi)亭(ting)(ting)上(shang)(shang)(shang)層(ceng)(ceng)觀(guan)(guan)瀑(pu)(pu),有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)淋漓通暢之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)美(mei);而(er)(er)坐(zuo)于(yu)(yu)(yu)仰(yang)止(zhi)亭(ting)(ting)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)層(ceng)(ceng),身(shen)(shen)倚欄桿,悠閑仰(yang)觀(guan)(guan),則(ze)(ze)(ze)又(you)(you)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)飄逸飛(fei)動(dong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)美(mei)。人(ren)(ren)與自(zi)(zi)然,在(zai)(zai)(zai)此(ci)達到高(gao)度的(de)(de)和(he)(he)(he)諧統一(yi)。
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