洪(hong)天錫,字君疇,泉(quan)州晉江人(ren)(ren)。寶慶(qing)二年,(公元一二二六(liu)年)舉進士(shi)第,授廣州司法。歷拜監察御(yu)史(shi)(shi),累疏(shu)劾奄人(ren)(ren),上章至六(liu)七次,最后請還(huan)御(yu)史(shi)(shi)印。宋時的奄人(ren)(ren),不敢竅弄主威,都是他的力量。累遷刑部尚書(shu),又進華文(wen)閣直學(xue)(xue)士(shi)。尋致仕,加(jia)端明殿學(xue)(xue)士(shi)。卒,謚(shi)文(wen)毅。天賜所著,有奏議、經筵講義、通(tong)祀輯略(lve)、味言發(fa)墨、陽嚴文(wen)集(均宋史(shi)(shi)本傳)傳世。
是年立夏之日,“天(tian)(tian)(tian)雨土”。天(tian)(tian)(tian)錫(xi)(xi)借此(ci)(ci)機會疏言“陰(yin)陽(yang)君子(zi)小人之所(suo)(suo)以辨,乞屏絕私(si)邪,休息土木,消天(tian)(tian)(tian)災。”并(bing)彈劾少(shao)監余作賓、外戚謝欒懋。當年四川(chuan)中部地(di)震(zhen),浙、閩(min)鬧大(da)(da)水,天(tian)(tian)(tian)錫(xi)(xi)又(you)上(shang)疏:“上(shang)下(xia)(xia)窮空(kong),遠(yuan)兵怨疾,獨(du)貴(gui)戚巨閹享(xiang)富貴(gui)耳。舉(ju)天(tian)(tian)(tian)下(xia)(xia)窮且怨,陛下(xia)(xia)能獨(du)與數十人者共(gong)天(tian)(tian)(tian)下(xia)(xia)乎?”適(shi)逢蘇州百姓(xing)大(da)(da)論等“列(lie)訴宋(song)(song)臣(chen)奪其田(tian)”,天(tian)(tian)(tian)錫(xi)(xi)立即交有(you)關(guan)官署查(cha)處。豈料御(yu)前(qian)提舉(ju)卻移文(wen)聲(sheng)稱“田(tian)屬御(yu)莊,不(bu)(bu)當白臺”,儀鸞司(si)(si)(si)亦因此(ci)(ci)發文(wen)給常平(ping)司(si)(si)(si),企圖(tu)把水攪渾,以達(da)包庇目的(de)(de)。天(tian)(tian)(tian)錫(xi)(xi)義(yi)憤(fen)(fen)填膺,上(shang)疏責問:“御(yu)史所(suo)(suo)以雪冤,常平(ping)所(suo)(suo)以均(jun)役,若中貴(gui)人得以控之,則內外臺可廢,猶為(wei)國有(you)紀綱乎?”他(ta)(ta)毫不(bu)(bu)氣餒地(di)繼續彈劾董宋(song)(song)臣(chen)和都知(zhi)盧允升(sheng),列(lie)舉(ju)他(ta)(ta)們的(de)(de)罪(zui)惡(e)。但理(li)(li)宗(zong)極力(li)庇護二人。他(ta)(ta)又(you)接(jie)連上(shang)六七道(dao)奏疏,都無效(xiao)果,最(zui)后(hou)只好提出辭職(zhi),“請還御(yu)史印”,并(bing)沉痛(tong)地(di)告誡理(li)(li)宗(zong)道(dao):“明君當為(wei)后(hou)人除害,不(bu)(bu)應留下(xia)(xia)后(hou)患給后(hou)人。今朝廷輕(qing)(qing)給舍臺諫(jian),輕(qing)(qing)百司(si)(si)(si)庶府,而北司(si)(si)(si)獨(du)重,倉卒之際,臣(chen)實懼怕。”他(ta)(ta)的(de)(de)忠言雖沒有(you)立即被(bei)理(li)(li)宗(zong)采納(na),但如《宋(song)(song)史》所(suo)(suo)說:“然終(zhong)宋(song)(song)世閹人不(bu)(bu)能竊(qie)弄(nong)主威者,皆(jie)天(tian)(tian)(tian)錫(xi)(xi)之力(li)。”由于理(li)(li)宗(zong)昏庸,天(tian)(tian)(tian)錫(xi)(xi)憤(fen)(fen)然離(li)開朝廷,盡管(guan)改任為(wei)大(da)(da)理(li)(li)少(shao)卿,再遷為(wei)太常,他(ta)(ta)都不(bu)(bu)接(jie)受。
南宋景定二(er)(er)年(1261年),理宗(zong)改派天(tian)(tian)錫(xi)(xi)為廣東提點(dian)刑(xing)獄,他(ta)5次(ci)辭(ci)絕(jue)。翌年,起(qi)知(zhi)潭州(zhou),也拖了很久才赴(fu)任。天(tian)(tian)錫(xi)(xi)一到(dao)潭州(zhou),尊先(xian)賢,除(chu)宿寇,逾年大(da)治(zhi)。爾(er)后,升直(zhi)寶謨(mo)閣(ge),再遷廣東轉(zhuan)運判官兼湖(hu)南安撫(fu)使(shi)(shi),所到(dao)之(zhi)處,決疑獄,劾貪吏,治(zhi)財(cai)賦,整肅(su)有法。理宗(zong)召為秘書(shu)監兼侍(shi)講,天(tian)(tian)錫(xi)(xi)以(yi)耳聾(long)堅辭(ci);又(you)加秘閣(ge)修撰和(he)福(fu)建(jian)轉(zhuan)運副使(shi)(shi),仍被他(ta)婉(wan)言(yan)謝(xie)絕(jue)。咸淳元年(1265年),度宗(zong)即(ji)位,召天(tian)(tian)錫(xi)(xi)為侍(shi)御(yu)(yu)史兼侍(shi)讀,他(ta)一再辭(ci)謝(xie),不(bu)(bu)許(xu)(xu),只好上路。赴(fu)任途中(zhong),監察御(yu)(yu)史張桂忽然(ran)提出彈劾,結果(guo)未到(dao)任就被罷免。他(ta)不(bu)(bu)以(yi)自己進(jin)退為念,仍上疏病民五事(shi):曰(yue)(yue)(yue)公(gong)田,曰(yue)(yue)(yue)關子,曰(yue)(yue)(yue)銀綱,曰(yue)(yue)(yue)鹽(yan)鈔,曰(yue)(yue)(yue)賦役。又(you)言(yan):“在廷無(wu)嚴(yan)憚之(zhi)士(shi)(shi),何(he)以(yi)寢奸謀(mou)?遇事(shi)無(wu)敢(gan)諍之(zhi)臣,何(he)以(yi)臨大(da)節?人(ren)物(wu)稀疏,精(jing)采(cai)銷(xiao)軟(ruan),隱惰惜(xi)已者多,忘身殉(xun)國(guo)者少(shao)。”度宗(zong)接連(lian)委任天(tian)(tian)錫(xi)(xi)為工部侍(shi)郎兼直(zhi)學(xue)(xue)士(shi)(shi)院(yuan)加顯文(wen)閣(ge)待制、湖(hu)南安撫(fu)使(shi)(shi)、潭州(zhou)知(zhi)州(zhou)、漳州(zhou)知(zhi)州(zhou),他(ta)都極力辭(ci)卻(que)。咸淳二(er)(er)年,度宗(zong)改任天(tian)(tian)錫(xi)(xi)為福(fu)建(jian)安撫(fu)使(shi)(shi),又(you)力辭(ci),不(bu)(bu)許(xu)(xu),乃(nai)上任。任內疏陳(chen)鹽(yan)戶破家隕(yun)身之(zhi)慘,請求罷免鹽(yan)稅,獲準。又(you)請罷荔枝貢。不(bu)(bu)久,召為刑(xing)部尚書(shu),后進(jin)為顯文(wen)閣(ge)直(zhi)學(xue)(xue)士(shi)(shi)、提舉太(tai)平(ping)(ping)興(xing)國(guo)宮,御(yu)(yu)書(shu)三(san)札,催(cui)促上道,天(tian)(tian)錫(xi)(xi)皆力辭(ci)。第二(er)(er)年,進(jin)華文(wen)閣(ge)直(zhi)學(xue)(xue)士(shi)(shi)。不(bu)(bu)久致仕,加端明(ming)殿學(xue)(xue)士(shi)(shi),轉(zhuan)一官。病危臨終(zhong),猶親自起(qi)草遺(yi)表,規(gui)說君相,以(yi)天(tian)(tian)下為重。天(tian)(tian)錫(xi)(xi)言(yan)動有準繩,居官耿(geng)介,臨事(shi)是非侃(kan)侃(kan),不(bu)(bu)可回折。他(ta)曾自書(shu)刊號春(chun)聯“生(sheng)平(ping)(ping)要(yao)識瓊崖面,到(dao)此當堅鐵(tie)石心”。宋人(ren)周密說:“近世(shi)敢(gan)言(yan)之(zhi)士(shi)(shi),始終(zhong)一節,明(ming)目張膽,言(yan)人(ren)所難,惟溫陵洪公(gong)一人(ren)。”咸淳三(san)年,天(tian)(tian)錫(xi)(xi)逝(shi)世(shi)。度宗(zong)特(te)贈正議大(da)夫,謚文(wen)毅。
所著有《經筵講義》
《通禮輯略》
《味言發墨》
《陽巖文集》
《洪文毅奏(zou)議》等,弟天驥。