顏(yan)希深(shen)自幼(you)受何氏教育,聰(cong)穎過人,器(qi)宇不(bu)凡。任太原府同知時,適逢乾隆皇帝駕(jia)幸(xing)五臺(tai)山,顏(yan)希深(shen)奉(feng)旨辦理行(xing)營事物(wu),以毫不(bu)擾民(min)受到乾隆稱贊。
泰(tai)安(an)在昔為(wei)(wei)(wei)直隸(li)州,士(shi)(shi)(讀書人)屆歲科試,咸(全)就校于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)濟(ji)南。雍正(zheng)十三(san)年(nian),改為(wei)(wei)(wei)府(fu)治,統(tong)(tong)屬(shu)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)泰(tai)安(an)、新泰(tai)、萊蕪(wu)、肥城(cheng)、東平、東阿、平陰共七州縣(xian),一(yi)(yi)切章程,俱更定(ding)(ding)如他郡(jun)制,惟校士(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)館,役甚巨(ju)而(er)費亦繁(fan),尚逡(qun)巡(qunxún;因顧慮(lv)而(er)徘徊不(bu)(bu)(bu)前(qian))未遑(空閑)也。前(qian)守宋(song)公(gong)(gong)諤(e)曾議舉行(xing),尋以(yi)(yi)故中(zhong)止。癸(gui)酉(乾隆(long)十八年(nian),1753年(nian))夏,余(yu)(yu)(我(wo))奉命來典茲郡(jun),見夫(fu)岱宗之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)崒嵂(zúlǜ,高(gao)(gao)峻),汶水之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)瀠洄,鐘靈挺秀(xiu),蔚為(wei)(wei)(wei)巨(ju)觀(guan)。仰(yang)惟圣朝雅化涵濡,迄今百有(you)余(yu)(yu)栽,闔(he)(全)屬(shu)人文(wen)云蒸而(er)霞起,每歲科試,統(tong)(tong)計文(wen)武(wu)幾及萬人,若(ruo)仍(reng)就校濟(ji)南,實(shi)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)體制未協。爰(于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)是(shi))稽(考(kao))舊牘(過去(qu)的公(gong)(gong)文(wen)),商(shang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)牧(mu)令(州官(guan)縣(xian)官(guan)),諸君僉(都)謂紳士(shi)(shi)請建(jian)試院(yuan)歷(li)有(you)年(nian)所(suo)(suo),且皆愿(yuan)捐己貲(資),不(bu)(bu)(bu)費公(gong)(gong)帑(官(guan)府(fu)錢財(cai))。乃以(yi)(yi)此意申(shen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)各憲(xian)(向(xiang)上級(ji)各主管(guan)部門(men)提出申(shen)請),既報(bao)可。余(yu)(yu)與(yu)諸君捐俸為(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)倡,紳士(shi)(shi)亦樂(le)輸(獻出)恐后(hou)(hou)。遂諏(zou)吉(ji)(商(shang)定(ding)(ding)好(hao)日子。諏(zou)zōu,音鄒;商(shang)量(liang))于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)春二月,正(zheng)方辨位,鳩工庀(pi)材(cai)(聚(ju)集(ji)工匠,備(bei)齊(qi)材(cai)料。庀(pi)pǐ,音痞;具備(bei)),飭(chi)(令)平陰尉姚秀(xiu)元董其(qi)(qi)事(shi),宋(song)為(wei)(wei)(wei)熙(xi)、徐孔柱、韓(han)承先、張(zhang)朔、趙文(wen)龍、張(zhang)元漋紳士(shi)(shi)分(fen)理之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。在城(cheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)東北(bei)隅(角),得地二十一(yi)(yi)畝二分(fen),中(zhong)建(jian)堂五楹,堂之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)前(qian)東西(xi)坐(zuo)號共一(yi)(yi)千二百有(you)奇(多),堂之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)(hou),蒞事(shi)有(you)室(shi),棲客有(you)廬(lu),凡庖廚井灶之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)屬(shu),靡不(bu)(bu)(bu)畢具。門(men)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)外設(she)照屏,東西(xi)轅門(men)各樹以(yi)(yi)柵(zha)為(wei)(wei)(wei)繚(liao)垣(yuan)(墻)以(yi)(yi)周護之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),丹雘(huò,音貨(huo),紅色顏料)黝(黑)堊(白),悉(xi)中(zhong)軌繩。閱(歷(li)時(shi)(shi))八月,而(er)諸工以(yi)(yi)竣。夫(fu)泰(tai)安(an)固(gu)齊(qi)魯間一(yi)(yi)大都會也,逵通南北(bei),壤(rang)錯(cuo)濟(ji)兗(濟(ji)南兗州),軺(yao)車(che)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)(suo)輻揍(zou),文(wen)獻之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)(suo)薈萃(cui),士(shi)(shi)生其(qi)(qi)間,應地靈而(er)沾帝澤,于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)以(yi)(yi)發軔黌宮(學(xue)宮。簧hóng,音紅;古代(dai)(dai)稱學(xue)校)蜚莢閬(lang)苑(指揚名于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)京都),則(ze)試院(yuan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)建(jian),即多士(shi)(shi)昂霄之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)初(chu)步也,寧惟是(shi)高(gao)(gao)明宏敞壯(zhuang)一(yi)(yi)郡(jun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)觀(guan)瞻已哉。抑(可是(shi)。文(wen)言連詞)余(yu)(yu)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)此竊(qie)有(you)幸也。泰(tai)安(an)自改府(fu)后(hou)(hou),已逾十余(yu)(yu)載,前(qian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)人或(huo)履其(qi)(qi)任而(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)及為(wei)(wei)(wei),或(huo)限于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)力(li)而(er)為(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)果,余(yu)(yu)乃與(yu)諸牧(mu)令會逢其(qi)(qi)適,乘天時(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)順敘,賴人力(li)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)贊(zan)襄,財(cai)無虞漏卮(zhī,音只;古代(dai)(dai)盛酒的杯子。這里指建(jian)筑上的漏洞),工不(bu)(bu)(bu)繁(fan)鼛鼓(鼛gāo,音高(gao)(gao);古代(dai)(dai)的一(yi)(yi)種大鼓),一(yi)(yi)旦為(wei)(wei)(wei)所(suo)(suo)欲為(wei)(wei)(wei),得如他郡(jun)規制,雖不(bu)(bu)(bu)足(zu)仰(yang)酬(chou)圣天子覃敷至(zhi)意,暨(ji)各憲(xian)樂(le)育殷懷,而(er)揆(kuí;掌握(wo),管(guan)理)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)郡(jun)人士(shi)(shi)斐然向(xiang)風之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)忱(chen),庶可藉口以(yi)(yi)告厥(jue)(其(qi)(qi))成事(shi)云爾(er)。用(yong)綴端末于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)石,俾(bi)(使(shi))后(hou)(hou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)官(guan)斯土者有(you)考(kao)焉。乾隆(long)十九年(nian)十月。
《創建試院碑記》之(zhi)(zhi)后,民(min)國(guo)(guo)十八(ba)年(nian)鉛印本(ben)(ben)《重修泰(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)安縣(xian)(xian)志(zhi)?藝文志(zhi)選著(zhu)》又(you)載(zai)顏(yan)希深(shen)作《林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)故里(li)(li)考(kao)》一(yi)(yi)文。林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang),字子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)邱,春秋魯(lu)(lu)人,為(wei)(wei)(wei)孔(kong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)弟(di)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi),因向(xiang)孔(kong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)問“禮(li)之(zhi)(zhi)本(ben)(ben)”而(er)(er)載(zai)《論語?八(ba)佾(yi)(yì,古時(shi)(shi)樂(le)舞的(de)(de)(de)行(xing)列)》。林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)是(shi)(shi)(shi)殷(yin)代(dai)忠(zhong)臣(chen)比(bi)干(gan)的(de)(de)(de)后裔。殷(yin)紂(zhou)王(wang)無道(dao),荒(huang)淫(yin)暴虐。比(bi)干(gan)秉忠(zhong)直諫,為(wei)(wei)(wei)此觸怒紂(zhou)王(wang),被剖(pou)心殺害,其(qi)(qi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)堅,逃至泰(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)安“城(cheng)(cheng)東(dong)南百八(ba)十里(li)(li)”放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)城(cheng)(cheng)鎮(現(xian)屬泰(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)安所轄(xia)縣(xian)(xian)級市新(xin)泰(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai))北部的(de)(de)(de)長(chang)林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)避難,周(zhou)武王(wang)克商,賜姓林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)氏(shi)。林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)一(yi)(yi)生致(zhi)力于(yu)(yu)(yu)禮(li)的(de)(de)(de)研究。《論語?八(ba)佾(yi)》載(zai):“林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)問禮(li)之(zhi)(zhi)本(ben)(ben)。子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)曰(yue):大(da)(da)哉(zai)問!禮(li),與其(qi)(qi)奢也(ye),寧(ning)(ning)儉;喪,與其(qi)(qi)易也(ye),寧(ning)(ning)戚。”這(zhe)(zhe)段(duan)(duan)話的(de)(de)(de)意(yi)(yi)思(si)是(shi)(shi)(shi)說(shuo),林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)問孔(kong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)禮(li)的(de)(de)(de)本(ben)(ben)質(zhi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)什(shen)么,孔(kong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)聽到有學生提出這(zhe)(zhe)樣的(de)(de)(de)問題非常高(gao)興(xing),就(jiu)(jiu)說(shuo):“你(ni)(ni)問了一(yi)(yi)個意(yi)(yi)義十分重大(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)問題!就(jiu)(jiu)一(yi)(yi)般的(de)(de)(de)禮(li)數來說(shuo)(逢年(nian)過(guo)節等),與其(qi)(qi)過(guo)分耗(hao)費(意(yi)(yi)思(si)是(shi)(shi)(shi)主要(yao)的(de)(de)(de),送重禮(li)容易讓人懷(huai)疑(yi)另有所圖),寧(ning)(ning)可(ke)簡單(dan)節約(有心就(jiu)(jiu)行(xing)了,禮(li)品本(ben)(ben)身(shen)是(shi)(shi)(shi)次要(yao)的(de)(de)(de));就(jiu)(jiu)比(bi)較(jiao)重要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)喪禮(li)來說(shuo),與其(qi)(qi)在(zai)表面上講(jiang)究繁文縟節,不(bu)(bu)如(ru)在(zai)內(nei)心里(li)(li)真誠地沉痛哀悼。”朱(zhu)熹(xi)《論語集注》解釋這(zhe)(zhe)段(duan)(duan)話時(shi)(shi),認(ren)為(wei)(wei)(wei)林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)“見(jian)(jian)世之(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)禮(li)者(zhe),專事(shi)(shi)繁文,而(er)(er)疑(yi)其(qi)(qi)本(ben)(ben)之(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)(bu)在(zai)是(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye),故以(yi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)問。孔(kong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)以(yi)時(shi)(shi)方逐末而(er)(er)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)獨有志(zhi)于(yu)(yu)(yu)本(ben)(ben),故大(da)(da)其(qi)(qi)問”。孔(kong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)說(shuo)這(zhe)(zhe)段(duan)(duan)話時(shi)(shi),正是(shi)(shi)(shi)奴隸制(zhi)崩潰的(de)(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)代(dai),即使魯(lu)(lu)國(guo)(guo)也(ye)發(fa)生了不(bu)(bu)尊(zun)“周(zhou)禮(li)”的(de)(de)(de)現(xian)象。如(ru),根據“周(zhou)禮(li)”的(de)(de)(de)規定,天(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)才有祭(ji)掃全(quan)國(guo)(guo)知名(ming)大(da)(da)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)的(de)(de)(de)資格,諸(zhu)侯只有在(zai)自己轄(xia)區內(nei)祭(ji)掃小丘的(de)(de)(de)資格,但是(shi)(shi)(shi)季(ji)孫(sun)氏(shi)卻到泰(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)上去(qu)進行(xing)祭(ji)掃。面對魯(lu)(lu)國(guo)(guo)當時(shi)(shi)這(zhe)(zhe)種禮(li)崩樂(le)壞的(de)(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)政(zheng),孔(kong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)憂(you)心如(ru)焚。《論語?八(ba)佾(yi)》又(you)載(zai):“季(ji)氏(shi)旅于(yu)(yu)(yu)泰(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)。子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)謂冉(ran)(ran)有曰(yue):女(nv)(汝)弗能(neng)救與?對曰(yue):不(bu)(bu)能(neng)。子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)曰(yue):嗚呼!曾(ceng)(ceng)謂泰(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan),不(bu)(bu)如(ru)林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)乎(hu)?”季(ji)孫(sun)氏(shi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)當時(shi)(shi)執掌魯(lu)(lu)國(guo)(guo)朝政(zheng)的(de)(de)(de)三(san)大(da)(da)權(quan)門之(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)(yi),(孟孫(sun)氏(shi)、叔孫(sun)氏(shi)、季(ji)孫(sun)氏(shi)三(san)家(jia)世卿,因為(wei)(wei)(wei)是(shi)(shi)(shi)魯(lu)(lu)桓(huan)(huán,音環)公的(de)(de)(de)三(san)個孫(sun)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)故稱(cheng)(cheng)“三(san)桓(huan)”,當時(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)魯(lu)(lu)國(guo)(guo)政(zheng)權(quan)實際掌握在(zai)他們手中,而(er)(er)“三(san)桓(huan)”的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)些家(jia)臣(chen)又(you)在(zai)不(bu)(bu)同程度上控制(zhi)著(zhu)“三(san)桓(huan)”),冉(ran)(ran)有是(shi)(shi)(shi)孔(kong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)(de)學生,時(shi)(shi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)季(ji)氏(shi)宰。這(zhe)(zhe)段(duan)(duan)話的(de)(de)(de)意(yi)(yi)思(si)是(shi)(shi)(shi),季(ji)氏(shi)要(yao)去(qu)祭(ji)祀泰(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan),孔(kong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)對時(shi)(shi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)季(ji)氏(shi)家(jia)總管的(de)(de)(de)學生冉(ran)(ran)有說(shuo):“你(ni)(ni)不(bu)(bu)能(neng)勸阻他不(bu)(bu)要(yao)前去(qu),從而(er)(er)挽(wan)救其(qi)(qi)陷于(yu)(yu)(yu)僭越(yue)(yue)(超(chao)越(yue)(yue)本(ben)(ben)分。僭jiàn,音見(jian)(jian);非法(fa)(fa)越(yue)(yue)權(quan))之(zhi)(zhi)罪嗎(ma)?”冉(ran)(ran)有回答說(shuo):“不(bu)(bu)能(neng)。”孔(kong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)見(jian)(jian)求助(zhu)于(yu)(yu)(yu)人已經不(bu)(bu)能(neng)挽(wan)救禮(li)法(fa)(fa),嘆(tan)了口氣轉而(er)(er)求助(zhu)于(yu)(yu)(yu)神(shen),說(shuo):“唉!我曾(ceng)(ceng)對泰(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)說(shuo),(泰(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)神(shen)啊(a),快阻止那些破壞禮(li)法(fa)(fa)的(de)(de)(de)行(xing)為(wei)(wei)(wei)吧!)難道(dao)你(ni)(ni)這(zhe)(zhe)通天(tian)神(shen)明,還不(bu)(bu)如(ru)林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)知道(dao)應該(gai)怎樣按(an)照(zhao)禮(li)法(fa)(fa)的(de)(de)(de)本(ben)(ben)質(zhi)來行(xing)事(shi)(shi)嗎(ma)?”北宋真宗趙恒命廷臣(chen)撰孔(kong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)弟(di)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)贊,主客(ke)郎中刁衎(kàn,音看)贊林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)曰(yue):“問禮(li)之(zhi)(zhi)本(ben)(ben)。為(wei)(wei)(wei)儒所宗。樂(le)岳(yue)(泰(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan))稱(cheng)(cheng)美(mei),長(chang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(今(jin)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)東(dong)新(xin)泰(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)市放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)城(cheng)(cheng)鎮長(chang)林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan))表封。”南宋高(gao)宗也(ye)曾(ceng)(ceng)贊其(qi)(qi)“大(da)(da)哉(zai)斯言,恍照(zhao)明訓”。為(wei)(wei)(wei)紀念這(zhe)(zhe)位先賢(xian),其(qi)(qi)故里(li)(li)便名(ming)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)城(cheng)(cheng)。顏(yan)希深(shen)作《林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)故里(li)(li)考(kao)》認(ren)定,在(zai)“城(cheng)(cheng)東(dong)南百八(ba)十里(li)(li)”之(zhi)(zhi)“泰(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)安崇禮(li)鄉(xiang)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)城(cheng)(cheng)集(舊(jiu)名(ming)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)城(cheng)(cheng)鎮)為(wei)(wei)(wei)林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)故里(li)(li)”“可(ke)信(xin)”。由于(yu)(yu)(yu)顏(yan)希深(shen)作《林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)里(li)(li)考(kao)》十分專業,解釋起來非常復雜,恕不(bu)(bu)照(zhao)錄(lu)原文,只將林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)其(qi)(qi)人其(qi)(qi)事(shi)(shi)簡述于(yu)(yu)(yu)此。
《創(chuang)建試院碑記(ji)》字里行間反映出(chu)顏希深一意興利除(chu)弊、教(jiao)養斯民(min)的循吏作風,以及(ji)對(dui)百姓負責(ze)、對(dui)歷(li)史負責(ze)的治政(zheng)態度;《林放故里考》字里行間反映出(chu)顏希深博覽(lan)群書(shu)、窮究經典(dian)的文化修養,以及(ji)躬行實踐、格物致(zhi)知的治學方法(fa)。顏希深既勤于(yu)政(zheng)務處理,又潛心學術研究,確有古代士大(da)夫之風范(fan)。