由于(yu)經濟(ji)快速發(fa)展,對(dui)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)需求日益增大(da),其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力缺口(kou)尤(you)其(qi)明顯,此外嚴(yan)峻的(de)(de)(de)環(huan)境(jing)(jing)污(wu)染(ran)形勢,迫(po)切(qie)需要(yao)改變能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)格局,改善(shan)生(sheng)(sheng)態環(huan)境(jing)(jing),對(dui)新能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)與可再生(sheng)(sheng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)進行大(da)規模(mo)的(de)(de)(de)開發(fa)應(ying)(ying)用。江蘇位(wei)于(yu)中(zhong)(zhong)國風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)資(zi)源(yuan)較(jiao)豐富區域,沿(yan)海尤(you)其(qi)是(shi)近海海域風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)資(zi)源(yuan)更(geng)為豐富,為大(da)規模(mo)、超大(da)規模(mo)海上風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)發(fa)展創造了(le)巨大(da)空間(jian)。大(da)規模(mo)非并(bing)(bing)(bing)網(wang)(wang)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)應(ying)(ying)用,更(geng)是(shi)開辟了(le)一條中(zhong)(zhong)國特色風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)多元化發(fa)展之路(lu)。文中(zhong)(zhong)分析了(le)江蘇沿(yan)海風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)資(zi)源(yuan)布局及沿(yan)海風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)開發(fa)現(xian)狀;在風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)非并(bing)(bing)(bing)網(wang)(wang)理論指導下,以(yi)規模(mo)化制(zhi)氫和氯堿產業(ye)(ye)為例,探(tan)討(tao)非并(bing)(bing)(bing)網(wang)(wang)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)與高載能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)產業(ye)(ye)間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)合路(lu)徑,并(bing)(bing)(bing)構建相應(ying)(ying)產業(ye)(ye)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian);依據產業(ye)(ye)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)合機制(zhi),探(tan)討(tao)大(da)規模(mo)非并(bing)(bing)(bing)網(wang)(wang)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)產業(ye)(ye)基地建設的(de)(de)(de)實(shi)施目標與戰略規劃。
江蘇位(wei)于全(quan)國風(feng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)資源(yuan)(yuan)較(jiao)豐(feng)富區,風(feng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)資源(yuan)(yuan)分(fen)布(bu)自(zi)沿海(hai)(hai)向(xiang)內陸(lu)(lu)遞減,沿海(hai)(hai)尤其是(shi)近海(hai)(hai)海(hai)(hai)域風(feng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)資源(yuan)(yuan)較(jiao)為豐(feng)富,而內陸(lu)(lu)地(di)區風(feng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)資源(yuan)(yuan)相對(dui)貧(pin)乏(fa)。其中(zhong),近海(hai)(hai)的東(dong)西連島地(di)區風(feng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)資源(yuan)(yuan)最為豐(feng)富;沿海(hai)(hai)地(di)區、長江三角洲(zhou)一(yi)帶(dai)、淮(huai)河兩岸、洪(hong)澤湖(hu)、高(gao)郵(you)湖(hu)東(dong)部及東(dong)南部沼澤地(di)帶(dai)、太湖(hu)東(dong)部,風(feng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)也較(jiao)為豐(feng)富;陸(lu)(lu)上風(feng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)資源(yuan)(yuan)主要在(zai)沿海(hai)(hai)灘涂。在(zai)扣(kou)除風(feng)功(gong)率密度較(jiao)小不具開(kai)發(fa)(fa)(fa)價值(zhi)和已開(kai)發(fa)(fa)(fa)或規劃開(kai)發(fa)(fa)(fa)為園區、港口(kou)區域后,江蘇陸(lu)(lu)地(di)風(feng)電可開(kai)發(fa)(fa)(fa)量為300萬(wan)kW,近海(hai)(hai)風(feng)電可開(kai)發(fa)(fa)(fa)量近期(qi)為1000萬(wan)kW,遠(yuan)期(qi)為3000萬(wan)kW,合計4300萬(wan)kW。可見,江蘇風(feng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)資源(yuan)(yuan)優勢在(zai)海(hai)(hai)上,海(hai)(hai)上風(feng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)極(ji)具開(kai)發(fa)(fa)(fa)潛力。
通(tong)過(guo)對風能資(zi)源(yuan)、并(bing)網條件(jian)(jian)、交通(tong)運輸及環境(jing)等因素(su)綜合分析(xi),除東(dong)(dong)西(xi)連島地區因交通(tong)安裝(zhuang)條件(jian)(jian)不具備建設大(da)型風電場(chang)外,其他沿(yan)海(hai)(hai)地區的啟東(dong)(dong)、通(tong)州、如(ru)東(dong)(dong)、東(dong)(dong)臺、大(da)豐、射陽、濱海(hai)(hai)、響(xiang)水(shui)、贛榆和洪澤湖東(dong)(dong)南部(bu)、太湖東(dong)(dong)部(bu)都極具開發(fa)潛力,其中(zhong)從射陽河到長(chang)江口的2.4萬平方公里(li)淺海(hai)(hai)輻射沙洲具備開發(fa)大(da)規模風電場(chang)的綜合條件(jian)(jian)。目(mu)前江蘇已(yi)開展前期(qi)工作的海(hai)(hai)上風電場(chang)規劃(hua)總(zong)裝(zhuang)機(ji)容量達130萬kW,中(zhong)遠期(qi)規劃(hua)總(zong)裝(zhuang)機(ji)容量可達600萬kW。
風(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)的間歇(xie)性(xing)和波(bo)動(dong)性(xing)會對電(dian)(dian)(dian)網造成很大沖擊,導致風(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)在電(dian)(dian)(dian)網中所占比重(zhong)難(nan)以超(chao)過10%,這(zhe)是一個世界(jie)性(xing)難(nan)題(ti),嚴重(zhong)阻礙了(le)風(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)規模(mo)化(hua)、產業(ye)(ye)化(hua)發展進程(cheng)。應對這(zhe)一難(nan)題(ti),風(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)非并網理(li)論應運(yun)而生。非并網風(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)指(zhi)風(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)系統的終端負荷不再是傳統的單一電(dian)(dian)(dian)網,而是直接應用于(yu)一系列(lie)能夠(gou)適應風(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)特(te)性(xing)的高載(zai)能產業(ye)(ye)及(ji)其他特(te)殊領域。
將非并(bing)網(wang)風電應(ying)用于規模(mo)化(hua)制氫(qing)、氯堿生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)等產(chan)(chan)業,可形(xing)成“非并(bing)網(wang)風電—規模(mo)化(hua)制氫(qing)”、“非并(bing)網(wang)風電—氯堿生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)”等一系列產(chan)(chan)業鏈。目前,已(yi)從(cong)技術層面(mian)打通了(le)非并(bing)網(wang)風電與相應(ying)高載能產(chan)(chan)業之間的鏈合路徑,為產(chan)(chan)業鏈的形(xing)成與完善奠(dian)定了(le)最重要的基礎。
大規(gui)模非(fei)(fei)并網(wang)風(feng)電產(chan)(chan)業(ye)基(ji)地建(jian)(jian)設,要(yao)發(fa)揮江蘇沿(yan)海(hai)風(feng)能資源優勢(shi),實現(xian)(xian)打(da)造(zao)江蘇沿(yan)海(hai)綠色能源基(ji)地的戰略構想(xiang);進一步延伸“非(fei)(fei)并網(wang)風(feng)電—高載能產(chan)(chan)業(ye)”產(chan)(chan)業(ye)鏈(lian),帶動(dong)新(xin)型(xing)非(fei)(fei)并網(wang)風(feng)機(ji)、精細化工、生(sheng)物(wu)醫藥、高能燃(ran)料等產(chan)(chan)業(ye)快速發(fa)展(zhan);注重培育(yu)在產(chan)(chan)業(ye)鏈(lian)主(zhu)要(yao)環(huan)節上的大型(xing)龍頭(tou)企業(ye),加強技(ji)(ji)術創新(xin)能力(li);建(jian)(jian)立完(wan)善非(fei)(fei)并網(wang)風(feng)電政策(ce)服務體系(xi);建(jian)(jian)立健全人才引進、培養(yang)機(ji)制(zhi)。從(cong)而加快非(fei)(fei)并網(wang)風(feng)電產(chan)(chan)業(ye)化進程,建(jian)(jian)設生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)性制(zhi)造(zao)業(ye)和現(xian)(xian)代服務業(ye)共同繁榮的市場體系(xi),培育(yu)新(xin)的經(jing)濟增(zeng)長(chang)點,節能減排(pai)、環(huan)境保護,實現(xian)(xian)人與自然、經(jing)濟與社會和諧發(fa)展(zhan)。建(jian)(jian)設中要(yao)遵(zun)循技(ji)(ji)術創新(xin)、經(jing)濟效益(yi)、環(huan)境友好、產(chan)(chan)業(ye)關聯和政策(ce)配套等原則。
根據江蘇(su)沿海風(feng)能(neng)資源分布及(ji)沿海風(feng)電場(chang)建(jian)設進程,開展江蘇(su)大(da)規(gui)模(mo)非(fei)并(bing)網(wang)風(feng)電產(chan)業(ye)基(ji)地(di)建(jian)設。在(zai)目前(qian)江蘇(su)風(feng)電場(chang)建(jian)設規(gui)劃中,風(feng)電場(chang)選址主要(yao)在(zai)如(ru)東(dong)(dong)(dong)、東(dong)(dong)(dong)臺、大(da)豐、啟東(dong)(dong)(dong)等(deng)地(di),因此,短期內可在(zai)如(ru)東(dong)(dong)(dong)、東(dong)(dong)(dong)臺、大(da)豐、啟東(dong)(dong)(dong)開展大(da)規(gui)模(mo)非(fei)并(bing)網(wang)風(feng)電產(chan)業(ye)基(ji)地(di)的建(jian)設規(gui)劃。長遠來看,通州(zhou)、射陽、濱海、響水、贛(gan)榆等(deng)沿海地(di)區也極(ji)具建(jian)設大(da)規(gui)模(mo)非(fei)并(bing)網(wang)風(feng)電產(chan)業(ye)基(ji)地(di)的開發潛力。
隨著大(da)規模非(fei)并網(wang)風(feng)電產(chan)業(ye)(ye)基(ji)地(di)建(jian)設的(de)展(zhan)開,要推動新型非(fei)并網(wang)風(feng)機、精細化工、生(sheng)物醫藥、高能燃料等產(chan)業(ye)(ye)發展(zhan),從而(er)形(xing)(xing)成(cheng)相(xiang)應的(de)產(chan)業(ye)(ye)基(ji)地(di),進而(er)圍(wei)繞大(da)規模非(fei)并網(wang)風(feng)電產(chan)業(ye)(ye)基(ji)地(di),形(xing)(xing)成(cheng)功能完善(shan)的(de)功能布(bu)局。
大(da)規模(mo)非(fei)并(bing)網(wang)風(feng)電(dian)產(chan)業(ye)(ye)基地建設(she),對加(jia)快(kuai)緩解(jie)能(neng)源對高(gao)(gao)載(zai)能(neng)產(chan)業(ye)(ye)發展(zhan)的(de)制(zhi)約、推進(jin)非(fei)并(bing)網(wang)風(feng)電(dian)產(chan)業(ye)(ye)化進(jin)程(cheng)和拓(tuo)展(zhan)非(fei)并(bing)網(wang)風(feng)電(dian)應用領域,具有重(zhong)要戰略意義。要進(jin)一步延伸“非(fei)并(bing)網(wang)風(feng)電(dian)—高(gao)(gao)載(zai)能(neng)產(chan)業(ye)(ye)”產(chan)業(ye)(ye)鏈,不斷豐(feng)富(fu)其(qi)產(chan)業(ye)(ye)內容、拓(tuo)展(zhan)產(chan)業(ye)(ye)覆蓋面、實現(xian)產(chan)業(ye)(ye)功能(neng)多樣化,形(xing)成布局合理(li)、功能(neng)完善(shan)的(de)產(chan)業(ye)(ye)發展(zhan)新局面。