生(sheng)(sheng)平及著(zhu)述：唐甄原(yuan)名(ming)(ming)大陶，字鑄萬；後更名(ming)(ming)甄，號圃亭，四(si)川(chuan)達(da)州人(ren)，生(sheng)(sheng)於(wu)明崇禎(zhen)三(san)年(nian)(nian)，卒於(wu)清康熙四(si)十(shi)(shi)三(san)年(nian)(nian)，得年(nian)(nian)七(qi)十(shi)(shi)五歲。生(sheng)(sheng)平事(shi)跡(ji)(ji)頗(po)隱(yin)晦，《四(si)庫總(zong)目》至(zhi)將《衡書(shu)》著(zhu)者(zhe)「唐大陶」及《潛書(shu)》著(zhu)者(zhe)唐甄別為二人(ren)。幼年(nian)(nian)隨父宦游，歷(li)吳江(jiang)、北京(jing)(jing)、南(nan)京(jing)(jing)。順治二年(nian)(nian)南(nan)京(jing)(jing)城破(po)，父子(zi)避難浙江(jiang)紹(shao)興。順治十(shi)(shi)四(si)年(nian)(nian)丁(ding)酉（1657）舉人(ren)，曾任山西長子(zi)縣(xian)知(zhi)縣(xian)十(shi)(shi)月，遍游河(he)北、河(he)南(nan)、湖北、浙江(jiang)、江(jiang)蘇等地二十(shi)(shi)馀年(nian)(nian)，後困於(wu)江(jiang)蘇，仍志在天下，冀為王者(zhe)師，著(zhu)述不輟(chuo)。1962年(nian)(nian)北京(jing)(jing)中華書(shu)局出版《潛書(shu)》，後附編者(zhe)李之勤〈唐甄事(shi)跡(ji)(ji)叢(cong)考〉一文，最(zui)稱詳實。
這表現(xian).在(zai)，第一(yi)，封(feng)(feng)建(jian)(jian)君主沒有(you)(you)推行富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)策，而(er)(er)(er)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)行的(de)(de)(de)(de)是忘(wang)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)、虐(nve)發(fa)(fa)、害民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)，因(yin)(yin)(yin)而(er)(er)(er)“四(si)(si)(si)海(hai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)內(nei)，日益困(kun)(kun)窮，農(nong)空(kong)(kong)(kong)、工空(kong)(kong)(kong)、市空(kong)(kong)(kong)、仕空(kong)(kong)(kong)”（《潛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)書(shu)(shu)·存(cun)言》）。第二，封(feng)(feng)建(jian)(jian)官(guan)吏(li)橫行掠奪民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)眾(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)財(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)產(chan)(chan)，他(ta)(ta)們(men)坐視民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)眾(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)疾(ji)苦(ku)不(bu)(bu)(bu)救，貪婪謀取(qu)一(yi)己私利(li)(li)。第三，沉重(zhong)(zhong)繁多的(de)(de)(de)(de)賦稅(shui)，加重(zhong)(zhong)了(le)(le)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)眾(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)生(sheng)活(huo)(huo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)困(kun)(kun)苦(ku)。第四(si)(si)(si)，財(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)源枯竭，貸(dai)(dai)幣(bi)量少，導(dao)致(zhi)(zhi)了(le)(le)財(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)貸(dai)(dai)無(wu)(wu)法流通(tong)，“當今(jin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)世，無(wu)(wu)人不(bu)(bu)(bu)窮，非窮于(yu)(yu)(yu)財(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)，窮于(yu)(yu)(yu)銀(yin)也”（《潛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)書(shu)(shu)·更(geng)幣(bi)》）。唐(tang)甄(zhen)在(zai)探(tan)討(tao)了(le)(le)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)眾(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)窮困(kun)(kun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)原因(yin)(yin)(yin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后，提(ti)(ti)出(chu)(chu)了(le)(le)致(zhi)(zhi)富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)于(yu)(yu)(yu)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)的(de)(de)(de)(de)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)改措施。唐(tang)甄(zhen)指出(chu)(chu)，民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)為(wei)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)邦本(ben)，為(wei)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)首在(zai)富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)。“國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)無(wu)(wu)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)，豈有(you)(you)四(si)(si)(si)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)！封(feng)(feng)建(jian)(jian)，民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)固之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)；府(fu)庫(ku)，民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)充之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)；朝(chao)廷，民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)尊(zun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)；官(guan)職，民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)養之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。”（《潛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)書(shu)(shu)·明鑒》）只(zhi)有(you)(you)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)眾(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)豐(feng)衣足食，國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)才能(neng)興旺發(fa)(fa)達(da)；如果(guo)(guo)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)眾(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)貧(pin)窮困(kun)(kun)苦(ku)，必將(jiang)導(dao)致(zhi)(zhi)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)滅亡(wang)。他(ta)(ta)說(shuo)(shuo)：立國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)(dao)無(wu)(wu)他(ta)(ta)，惟在(zai)于(yu)(yu)(yu)富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)。自古(gu)未有(you)(you)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)貧(pin)而(er)(er)(er)可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)為(wei)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)者(zhe)(zhe)。夫富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)在(zai)編(bian)戶(hu)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)在(zai)府(fu)庫(ku)。若編(bian)戶(hu)空(kong)(kong)(kong)虛，雖(sui)府(fu)庫(ku)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)財(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)積如丘山，實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)為(wei)貧(pin)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)為(wei)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)矣。（《潛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)書(shu)(shu)·存(cun)言》）因(yin)(yin)(yin)此(ci)，立國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)在(zai)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)庫(ku)財(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)充盈，而(er)(er)(er)在(zai)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)眾(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)生(sheng)活(huo)(huo)富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)裕(yu)(yu)。唐(tang)甄(zhen)強(qiang)調，“治(zhi)道(dao)(dao)貴(gui)致(zhi)(zhi)其(qi)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)”（《潛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)書(shu)(shu)·權實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)》），實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)在(zai)致(zhi)(zhi)富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)于(yu)(yu)(yu)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)。他(ta)(ta)說(shuo)(shuo)：“財(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)者(zhe)(zhe)，國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)寶(bao)也，民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)命(ming)也，寶(bao)不(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)(ke)竊(qie)，命(ming)不(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)(ke)攘。”（《潛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)書(shu)(shu)·富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)》）財(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)用是生(sheng)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)命(ming)、國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)寶(bao)，因(yin)(yin)(yin)此(ci)立國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)(dao)惟在(zai)富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)。唐(tang)甄(zhen)具體提(ti)(ti)出(chu)(chu)了(le)(le)致(zhi)(zhi)富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)了(le)(le)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)的(de)(de)(de)(de)各種(zhong)措施。首先，為(wei)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)當以(yi)(yi)(yi)富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)為(wei)功(gong)(gong)，力(li)(li)除棄民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)虐(nve)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)。他(ta)(ta)認為(wei)，國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)因(yin)(yin)(yin)此(ci)，立國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)在(zai)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)庫(ku)財(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)充盈，而(er)(er)(er)在(zai)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)眾(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)生(sheng)活(huo)(huo)富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)裕(yu)(yu)。唐(tang)甄(zhen)強(qiang)調，“治(zhi)道(dao)(dao)貴(gui)致(zhi)(zhi)其(qi)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)”（《潛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)書(shu)(shu)·權實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)》），實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)在(zai)致(zhi)(zhi)富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)于(yu)(yu)(yu)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)。他(ta)(ta)說(shuo)(shuo)：“財(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)者(zhe)(zhe)，國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)寶(bao)也，民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)命(ming)也，寶(bao)不(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)(ke)竊(qie)，命(ming)不(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)(ke)攘。”（《潛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)書(shu)(shu)·富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)》）財(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)用是生(sheng)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)命(ming)、國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)寶(bao)，因(yin)(yin)(yin)此(ci)立國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)(dao)惟在(zai)富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)。唐(tang)甄(zhen)具體提(ti)(ti)出(chu)(chu)了(le)(le)致(zhi)(zhi)富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)了(le)(le)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)的(de)(de)(de)(de)各種(zhong)措施。首先，為(wei)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)當以(yi)(yi)(yi)富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)為(wei)功(gong)(gong)，力(li)(li)除棄民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)虐(nve)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)。他(ta)(ta)認為(wei)，國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)方針(zhen)當以(yi)(yi)(yi)富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)為(wei)宗旨，“其(qi)舉(ju)事(shi)任職雖(sui)多，不(bu)(bu)(bu)過使不(bu)(bu)(bu)困(kun)(kun)窮而(er)(er)(er)已”，“雖(sui)官(guan)有(you)(you)百職，職有(you)(you)百務，要(yao)(yao)歸于(yu)(yu)(yu)養民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)”（《潛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)書(shu)(shu)·考功(gong)(gong)》）故唐(tang)甄(zhen)特(te)別強(qiang)調致(zhi)(zhi)富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)于(yu)(yu)(yu)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)的(de)(de)(de)(de)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)治(zhi)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)功(gong)(gong)，指出(chu)(chu)“為(wei)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)圖治(zhi)，論功(gong)(gong)以(yi)(yi)(yi)舉(ju)賢，善民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)以(yi)(yi)(yi)論功(gong)(gong)，足食以(yi)(yi)(yi)養民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)”，“養民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)(dao)，必以(yi)(yi)(yi)省(sheng)官(guan)為(wei)先務”（《潛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)書(shu)(shu)·省(sheng)官(guan)》），卻除暴虐(nve)于(yu)(yu)(yu)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)害官(guan)，重(zhong)(zhong)用養民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)的(de)(de)(de)(de)廉能(neng)賢才，“廉者(zhe)(zhe)必使民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)儉以(yi)(yi)(yi)豐(feng)財(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)，才者(zhe)(zhe)必使民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)勤以(yi)(yi)(yi)厚利(li)(li)。舉(ju)廉舉(ju)才，必以(yi)(yi)(yi)豐(feng)財(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)厚利(li)(li)為(wei)征”（《潛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)書(shu)(shu)·考功(gong)(gong)》）只(zhi)有(you)(you)君主官(guan)吏(li)皆去推行實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)施實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)治(zhi)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)功(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)策，民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)眾(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)活(huo)(huo)才能(neng)富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)裕(yu)(yu)。其(qi)次，唐(tang)甄(zhen)提(ti)(ti)出(chu)(chu)了(le)(le)因(yin)(yin)(yin)其(qi)自然之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)利(li)(li)，發(fa)(fa)展多種(zhong)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)主張(zhang)。他(ta)(ta)說(shuo)(shuo)：“海(hai)內(nei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)才，無(wu)(wu)土(tu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)生(sheng)，無(wu)(wu)人不(bu)(bu)(bu)生(sheng)”，只(zhi)要(yao)(yao)“因(yin)(yin)(yin)其(qi)自然之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)利(li)(li)而(er)(er)(er)無(wu)(wu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)擾之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，而(er)(er)(er)才不(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)(ke)勝用矣”（《潛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)書(shu)(shu)·富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)》）唐(tang)甄(zhen)否定了(le)(le)“農(nong)本(ben)商(shang)末”的(de)(de)(de)(de)傳統觀(guan)念，提(ti)(ti)出(chu)(chu)了(le)(le)要(yao)(yao)使四(si)(si)(si)海(hai)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)眾(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)真(zhen)正富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)裕(yu)(yu)，就要(yao)(yao)發(fa)(fa)展農(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)、手工業(ye)(ye)(ye)和商(shang)業(ye)(ye)(ye)等(deng)多種(zhong)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)。他(ta)(ta)認為(wei)，養民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)首要(yao)(yao)在(zai)于(yu)(yu)(yu)大(da)力(li)(li)發(fa)(fa)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)農(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)，還要(yao)(yao)全面(mian)發(fa)(fa)展商(shang)業(ye)(ye)(ye)和手工業(ye)(ye)(ye)，“為(wei)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)(dao)，必先田、市”（《潛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)書(shu)(shu)·普施》）。他(ta)(ta)指出(chu)(chu)，“山林多材(cai)，池沼多魚，園多果(guo)(guo)蔬，欄(lan)多羊豕”（《潛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)書(shu)(shu)·達(da)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)》），農(nong)林牧(mu)漁全面(mian)發(fa)(fa)展，才能(neng)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)現(xian)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)眾(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)裕(yu)(yu)。同時，唐(tang)甄(zhen)大(da)力(li)(li)提(ti)(ti)倡種(zhong)桑(sang)養蠶的(de)(de)(de)(de)紡織業(ye)(ye)(ye)，主張(zhang)通(tong)過商(shang)品(pin)流通(tong)，提(ti)(ti)高民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)眾(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)生(sheng)活(huo)(huo)水平。第三，唐(tang)甄(zhen)提(ti)(ti)出(chu)(chu)改革(ge)貸(dai)(dai)幣(bi)，促進流通(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)商(shang)業(ye)(ye)(ye)措施。他(ta)(ta)指出(chu)(chu)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)白(bai)銀(yin)作(zuo)為(wei)貸(dai)(dai)幣(bi)，限制了(le)(le)財(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)貸(dai)(dai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)交換，阻礙(ai)了(le)(le)商(shang)業(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)展。“夫財(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)害在(zai)聚(ju)。銀(yin)者(zhe)(zhe)，易(yi)聚(ju)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物也。”要(yao)(yao)促進商(shang)業(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)繁榮發(fa)(fa)展，實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)現(xian)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)眾(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)活(huo)(huo)富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)裕(yu)(yu)，“救今(jin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)，當廢銀(yin)而(er)(er)(er)用錢”（《潛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)書(shu)(shu)·更(geng)幣(bi)》）。因(yin)(yin)(yin)此(ci)，唐(tang)甄(zhen)認為(wei)，用銅錢取(qu)代白(bai)銀(yin)，商(shang)品(pin)交換才能(neng)更(geng)好地得以(yi)(yi)(yi)進行，并可(ke)(ke)消除白(bai)銀(yin)易(yi)聚(ju)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)弊，發(fa)(fa)揮貸(dai)(dai)幣(bi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)流通(tong)作(zuo)用。
他(ta)的社會政治(zhi)啟(qi)蒙思想，集中反(fan)映在(zai)(zai)他(ta)歷30年(nian)而成(cheng)的《潛書(shu)(shu)》中。是(shi)書(shu)(shu)原為《衡(heng)書(shu)(shu)》13篇(pian)(pian)(pian)，“衡(heng)”表示(shi)“志在(zai)(zai)權衡(heng)天(tian)(tian)下(xia)(xia)”之意，后因“連蹇不遇”，只(zhi)得將其(qi)(qi)潛存起來，遂加(jia)以補充，改名(ming)為《潛書(shu)(shu)》。《潛書(shu)(shu)》共97篇(pian)(pian)(pian)論文，分為上下(xia)(xia)兩篇(pian)(pian)(pian)。上篇(pian)(pian)(pian)論學(xue)術，重在(zai)(zai)闡發“盡性”與“事功”相互統一的心性之學(xue)；下(xia)(xia)篇(pian)(pian)(pian)論政治(zhi)，旨在(zai)(zai)講求實治(zhi)實功抑(yi)尊(zun)富民(min)的治(zhi)世之術。潘(pan)耒稱其(qi)(qi)“論學(xue)術則(ze)尊(zun)孟宗(zong)王，貴心得，賤口耳，痛排俗(su)學(xue)之陋；論治(zhi)道(dao)則(ze)崇儉尚樸，損勢抑(yi)威(wei)，省大吏，汰(tai)冗(rong)官，欲君民(min)相親如(ru)一家，乃可為治(zhi)。”（《潛書(shu)(shu)·潘(pan)序》）因此(ci)，《潛書(shu)(shu)》“上觀(guan)天(tian)(tian)道(dao)，下(xia)(xia)察(cha)人事，遠正(zheng)古跡，近度(du)今宜，根(gen)于心而致之行，如(ru)在(zai)(zai)其(qi)(qi)位而謀其(qi)(qi)政。”（《潛書(shu)(shu)·潛存》）是(shi)書(shu)(shu)不僅奠定了唐甄在(zai)(zai)清(qing)初啟(qi)蒙思潮(chao)中的歷史地位，而且(qie)對(dui)當時的儒學(xue)思想發展也(ye)產生(sheng)了深遠的影響。
唐(tang)(tang)甄(zhen)思(si)(si)(si)想(xiang)(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)另一(yi)(yi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)組成部分(fen)(fen)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)其在對傳統(tong)(tong)(tong)儒(ru)(ru)學(xue)(xue)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)反思(si)(si)(si)認識中(zhong)，提出了(le)(le)盡(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)與(yu)(yu)(yu)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)相(xiang)互統(tong)(tong)(tong)一(yi)(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)心(xin)(xin)(xin)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)學(xue)(xue)說(shuo)。他(ta)繼(ji)承(cheng)(cheng)發(fa)揚了(le)(le)從孟(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)子到王(wang)守(shou)(shou)仁(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)盡(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)心(xin)(xin)(xin)學(xue)(xue)思(si)(si)(si)想(xiang)(xiang)，尖銳批判了(le)(le)程(cheng)朱(zhu)理(li)學(xue)(xue)末流(liu)只談心(xin)(xin)(xin)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)空疏陋習。唐(tang)(tang)甄(zhen)最(zui)為(wei)推崇(chong)孟(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)子的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)思(si)(si)(si)想(xiang)(xiang)，孟(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)子的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)思(si)(si)(si)想(xiang)(xiang)具(ju)體(ti)(ti)地(di)涵蓋了(le)(le)“圣(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)人(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)治天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)理(li)論，“甄(zhen)雖(sui)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)敏(min)，愿學(xue)(xue)孟(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)子焉。”（《潛(qian)(qian)(qian)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)·潛(qian)(qian)(qian)存(cun)》）同時，他(ta)又(you)認為(wei)，自孟(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)子以(yi)(yi)(yi)后，最(zui)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)領悟(wu)圣(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)人(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)學(xue)(xue)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)，當推陸九淵(yuan)、王(wang)守(shou)(shou)仁(ren)二(er)人(ren)。孟(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)子、陸九淵(yuan)、王(wang)守(shou)(shou)仁(ren)為(wei)什么能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)夠(gou)執圣(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)學(xue)(xue)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)樞、得(de)圣(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)人(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)，唐(tang)(tang)甄(zhen)認為(wei)這就(jiu)(jiu)在于(yu)(yu)他(ta)們的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)盡(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)心(xin)(xin)(xin)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)學(xue)(xue)。他(ta)說(shuo)：“堯舜以(yi)(yi)(yi)來(lai)，傳道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)以(yi)(yi)(yi)傳心(xin)(xin)(xin)”（《潛(qian)(qian)(qian)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)·宗(zong)孟(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)》），唯有(you)(you)(you)(you)知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)心(xin)(xin)(xin)，才(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)得(de)識圣(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)人(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)，這是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)學(xue)(xue)問之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)入們。因此，他(ta)在繼(ji)承(cheng)(cheng)了(le)(le)孟(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)子的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“盡(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)心(xin)(xin)(xin)知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)”和(he)王(wang)守(shou)(shou)仁(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“致(zhi)(zhi)良(liang)(liang)知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)心(xin)(xin)(xin)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)思(si)(si)(si)想(xiang)(xiang)上(shang)，又(you)進一(yi)(yi)步(bu)闡發(fa)了(le)(le)他(ta)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)心(xin)(xin)(xin)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)理(li)論。他(ta)認為(wei)，良(liang)(liang)知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、心(xin)(xin)(xin)、性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)東西，綜合(he)為(wei)“道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)”，“道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)由(you)心(xin)(xin)(xin)致(zhi)(zhi)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)由(you)外(wai)致(zhi)(zhi)”（《潛(qian)(qian)(qian)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)·格定》），“天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)地(di)與(yu)(yu)(yu)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)際(ji)，心(xin)(xin)(xin)與(yu)(yu)(yu)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)地(di)際(ji)”（《潛(qian)(qian)(qian)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)·敬修》）。他(ta)說(shuo)：“性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)統(tong)(tong)(tong)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)地(di)，備萬(wan)物(wu)(wu)”，“心(xin)(xin)(xin)具(ju)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)地(di)，統(tong)(tong)(tong)萬(wan)物(wu)(wu)”（《潛(qian)(qian)(qian)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)·良(liang)(liang)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)》）。性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)即是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)仁(ren)義(yi)(yi)禮智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)四德(de)(de)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)，“四德(de)(de)我自所有(you)(you)(you)(you)，非(fei)由(you)外(wai)鑠”，以(yi)(yi)(yi)仁(ren)義(yi)(yi)禮智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)合(he)于(yu)(yu)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)地(di)萬(wan)物(wu)(wu)，即是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)盡(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)心(xin)(xin)(xin)知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，始(shi)乃(nai)(nai)盡(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。他(ta)認為(wei)，“良(liang)(liang)知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)可致(zhi)(zhi)，本(ben)心(xin)(xin)(xin)乃(nai)(nai)見(jian)，仁(ren)義(yi)(yi)禮智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)俱為(wei)實(shi)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)”，實(shi)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)即表現為(wei)“仁(ren)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)濟天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)”，“義(yi)(yi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)制天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)”，“禮能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)范天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)”，“智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)周(zhou)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)”（《潛(qian)(qian)(qian)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)·宗(zong)孟(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)》）。唐(tang)(tang)甄(zhen)指(zhi)出，盡(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)就(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)仁(ren)義(yi)(yi)禮智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)四德(de)(de)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)心(xin)(xin)(xin)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)合(he)于(yu)(yu)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)地(di)萬(wan)物(wu)(wu)，這是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)儒(ru)(ru)學(xue)(xue)思(si)(si)(si)想(xiang)(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)本(ben)質特征，經(jing)世(shi)(shi)致(zhi)(zhi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)、救(jiu)世(shi)(shi)治民(min)才(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)圣(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)人(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)根(gen)本(ben)宗(zong)旨。他(ta)說(shuo)：“儒(ru)(ru)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)貴者(zhe)，能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)定亂、除暴、安百姓也(ye)。若儒(ru)(ru)者(zhe)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)言(yan)(yan)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)……但取自完，何(he)以(yi)(yi)(yi)異于(yu)(yu)匹夫匹婦乎？”（《潛(qian)(qian)(qian)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)·辨儒(ru)(ru)》）因此，他(ta)既批判了(le)(le)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)家(jia)只重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)“養(yang)生”和(he)佛(fo)家(jia)但求“明(ming)死”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)出世(shi)(shi)思(si)(si)(si)想(xiang)(xiang)，又(you)著重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)揭斥了(le)(le)程(cheng)朱(zhu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)學(xue)(xue)“但明(ming)己(ji)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，無(wu)救(jiu)于(yu)(yu)世(shi)(shi)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)空疏陋習。唐(tang)(tang)甄(zhen)認為(wei)，盡(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)與(yu)(yu)(yu)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)二(er)者(zhe)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可割裂，而(er)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)彼(bi)此統(tong)(tong)(tong)一(yi)(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。他(ta)說(shuo)，“修非(fei)內(nei)(nei)也(ye)，功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)非(fei)外(wai)也(ye)”，“自內(nei)(nei)外(wai)分(fen)(fen)，仲尼之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)裂矣，民(min)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可以(yi)(yi)(yi)為(wei)生矣”（《潛(qian)(qian)(qian)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)·良(liang)(liang)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)》），“修身(shen)(shen)(shen)治天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)為(wei)一(yi)(yi)帶，取修身(shen)(shen)(shen)割治天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)成治天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)，亦(yi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)修身(shen)(shen)(shen)”（《潛(qian)(qian)(qian)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)·性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)》），不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)修其身(shen)(shen)(shen)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)治天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)；只修其身(shen)(shen)(shen)，亦(yi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)治天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)。盡(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)與(yu)(yu)(yu)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)相(xiang)互統(tong)(tong)(tong)一(yi)(yi)彼(bi)此融合(he)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，裂一(yi)(yi)而(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)得(de)其半。故他(ta)認為(wei)，程(cheng)朱(zhu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)學(xue)(xue)實(shi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)窮性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)原，有(you)(you)(you)(you)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)于(yu)(yu)儒(ru)(ru)家(jia)學(xue)(xue)說(shuo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)展，但它只言(yan)(yan)心(xin)(xin)(xin)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，“精內(nei)(nei)而(er)遺(yi)外(wai)”（《潛(qian)(qian)(qian)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)·有(you)(you)(you)(you)為(wei)》），“彼(bi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)見(jian)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，未能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)盡(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)”（《潛(qian)(qian)(qian)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)·性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)才(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)》），有(you)(you)(you)(you)違于(yu)(yu)儒(ru)(ru)學(xue)(xue)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)根(gen)本(ben)宗(zong)旨。他(ta)們“終日言(yan)(yan)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，而(er)卒(zu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)識性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所在”（《潛(qian)(qian)(qian)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)·宗(zong)孟(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)》），“今于(yu)(yu)內(nei)(nei)其精致(zhi)(zhi)，于(yu)(yu)其外(wai)若遺(yi)若忘……名為(wei)治世(shi)(shi)，實(shi)非(fei)治世(shi)(shi)，即非(fei)盡(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)”（《潛(qian)(qian)(qian)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)·性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)》）唐(tang)(tang)甄(zhen)指(zhi)出，程(cheng)朱(zhu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)學(xue)(xue)，舍治世(shi)(shi)而(er)求盡(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，既不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)盡(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)己(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，亦(yi)無(wu)益(yi)于(yu)(yu)社(she)會民(min)生。如何(he)盡(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)？唐(tang)(tang)甄(zhen)提出了(le)(le)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)才(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)合(he)一(yi)(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)思(si)(si)(si)想(xiang)(xiang)。他(ta)說(shuo)：“世(shi)(shi)知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)德(de)(de)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)才(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)”，性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)與(yu)(yu)(yu)才(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)二(er)者(zhe)同出一(yi)(yi)源而(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可分(fen)(fen)，“盡(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)其本(ben)體(ti)(ti)，其才(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)自見(jian)”，才(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)即是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)和(he)作用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。因此，盡(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)即其盡(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)才(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)，發(fa)揮出性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)和(he)作用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)，言(yan)(yan)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)必(bi)言(yan)(yan)才(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)，言(yan)(yan)才(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)必(bi)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。他(ta)認為(wei)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)盡(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，就(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)其才(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)沒有(you)(you)(you)(you)發(fa)揮作用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。“四德(de)(de)無(wu)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，必(bi)其才(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)充(chong)；才(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)充(chong)，必(bi)其性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)未盡(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)。”唯有(you)(you)(you)(you)盡(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)心(xin)(xin)(xin)知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，始(shi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)充(chong)才(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，“心(xin)(xin)(xin)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)明(ming)，則(ze)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)達(da)；事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)達(da)，則(ze)所見(jian)多(duo)乖，所行(xing)多(duo)泥”（《潛(qian)(qian)(qian)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)·性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)才(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)》）。 唐(tang)(tang)甄(zhen)指(zhi)出，盡(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)表現為(wei)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)依賴于(yu)(yu)盡(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，“性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)盡(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)，非(fei)圣(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)；功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)見(jian)，非(fei)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。”（《潛(qian)(qian)(qian)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)·有(you)(you)(you)(you)為(wei)》）仁(ren)義(yi)(yi)禮智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)四德(de)(de)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)體(ti)(ti)現.在性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)本(ben)身(shen)(shen)(shen)，而(er)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)體(ti)(ti)現.在性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)才(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)上(shang)，通過性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)才(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)作用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)，體(ti)(ti)現.在對天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)地(di)萬(wan)物(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)上(shang)。故他(ta)說(shuo)：“仁(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)，內(nei)(nei)存(cun)未見(jian)，外(wai)行(xing)乃(nai)(nai)見(jian)；心(xin)(xin)(xin)知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)未見(jian)，物(wu)(wu)受乃(nai)(nai)見(jian)。”（《潛(qian)(qian)(qian)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)·性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)才(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)》）事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)乃(nai)(nai)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)盡(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)表現和(he)目的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，“事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)成，功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)立，又(you)奚貴無(wu)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)心(xin)(xin)(xin)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)如委其心(xin)(xin)(xin)而(er)放之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。”（《潛(qian)(qian)(qian)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)·辨儒(ru)(ru)》）因此，唐(tang)(tang)甄(zhen)特別重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)視(shi)王(wang)守(shou)(shou)仁(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)合(he)一(yi)(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)說(shuo)，他(ta)說(shuo)：“知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)為(wei)二(er)，雖(sui)知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)猶(you)無(wu)知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，雖(sui)致(zhi)(zhi)猶(you)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)致(zhi)(zhi)。知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)合(he)一(yi)(yi)者(zhe)，致(zhi)(zhi)知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)實(shi)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)也(ye)。”（《潛(qian)(qian)(qian)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)·知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)》）知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)合(he)一(yi)(yi)就(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)盡(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)；盡(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)才(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)儒(ru)(ru)者(zhe)為(wei)學(xue)(xue)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)，才(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)現儒(ru)(ru)學(xue)(xue)治世(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。他(ta)說(shuo)：“我盡(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)仁(ren)，必(bi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)育天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)；我盡(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)義(yi)(yi)，必(bi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)裁天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)；我盡(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)禮，必(bi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)匡天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)；我盡(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，必(bi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)照天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)。”（《潛(qian)(qian)(qian)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)·性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)才(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)》）唯有(you)(you)(you)(you)盡(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，才(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)展示儒(ru)(ru)學(xue)(xue)“窮理(li)盡(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)以(yi)(yi)(yi)至于(yu)(yu)命”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)成己(ji)成物(wu)(wu)、內(nei)(nei)圣(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)外(wai)王(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)。總之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，唐(tang)(tang)甄(zhen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)思(si)(si)(si)想(xiang)(xiang)對近代社(she)會啟蒙思(si)(si)(si)潮(chao)產生了(le)(le)積極的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影響(xiang)。
唐甄在經濟生活方面，原有土地七十畝，可收租四十一石，江南稅重，清朝市井圖要(yao)納(na)賦稅二十石，去其收(shou)入(ru)一(yi)半，不(bu)足維持(chi)家計。遂賣去土地，以(yi)所入(ru)款項六(liu)十多兩銀，從事商(shang)販，遂得粗安。同時，由于其祖父唐自踩“居官廉(lian)，多惠政，尤振興文教”，父親唐階泰，剛毅明達，“當是(shi)時，朋黨附勢相傾(qing)”，而“參(can)議(yi)(階泰)獨立(li)無所與(yu)”，唐甄出身于這樣的(de)(de)(de)家庭(ting)環境的(de)(de)(de)教養下，他的(de)(de)(de)做人，出處進退，如鳳皇芝草，他的(de)(de)(de)為(wei)文，提出了許多進步的(de)(de)(de)經濟政治觀點和主張，這當然(ran)不(bu)是(shi)偶然(ran)的(de)(de)(de)了。
唐(tang)(tang)甄(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)重(zhong)視理財(cai)，而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)其(qi)(qi)(qi)基(ji)本(ben)經(jing)濟觀(guan)點(dian)，則(ze)(ze)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)富(fu)(fu)(fu)民(min)(min)(min)，他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)說(shuo)：“財(cai)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)寶也(ye)(ye)(ye)，民(min)(min)(min)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)命也(ye)(ye)(ye)。寶不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)(ke)竊(qie)(qie)，命不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)(ke)攘。圣(sheng)人(ren)(ren)(ren)以(yi)(yi)(yi)百(bai)姓(xing)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)子孫，以(yi)(yi)(yi)四海(hai)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)府庫，無(wu)(wu)有(you)(you)竊(qie)(qie)其(qi)(qi)(qi)寶而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)攘其(qi)(qi)(qi)命者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)。是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)家(jia)(jia)室(shi)(shi)(shi)皆(jie)(jie)盈，婦(fu)(fu)子皆(jie)(jie)寧。反其(qi)(qi)(qi)道(dao)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，輸(shu)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)悻臣之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)家(jia)(jia)，藏(zang)(zang)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)巨室(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)窟，蠹(du)多(duo)則(ze)(ze)樹(shu)(shu)槁，癰肥則(ze)(ze)體(ti)敝，此窮富(fu)(fu)(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)源，治(zhi)(zhi)亂之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)分也(ye)(ye)(ye)。”從唐(tang)(tang)甄(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)眼光看(kan)來(lai)，財(cai)必存之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)民(min)(min)(min)。國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)富(fu)(fu)(fu)必先民(min)(min)(min)富(fu)(fu)(fu)。只有(you)(you)這(zhe)樣，才(cai)能(neng)(neng)使(shi)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)民(min)(min)(min)經(jing)濟富(fu)(fu)(fu)裕起來(lai)。他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)堅決(jue)反對(dui)統(tong)治(zhi)(zhi)階(jie)級(ji)以(yi)(yi)(yi)及豪強(qiang)巨室(shi)(shi)(shi)對(dui)民(min)(min)(min)間財(cai)富(fu)(fu)(fu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)虐(nve)(nve)取(qu)(qu)。他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)說(shuo)：“虐(nve)(nve)取(qu)(qu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，取(qu)(qu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)(yi)金(jin)(jin)(jin)，喪其(qi)(qi)(qi)百(bai)金(jin)(jin)(jin)：取(qu)(qu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)(yi)室(shi)(shi)(shi)，喪其(qi)(qi)(qi)百(bai)室(shi)(shi)(shi)。充東門之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)外，有(you)(you)鬻羊餐者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，業(ye)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)二世矣(yi)。其(qi)(qi)(qi)妻子傭走之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)屬，食(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)十(shi)馀(yu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)。或誣(wu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)盜(dao)羊，罰之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)三石粟(su)。上(shang)(shang)獵其(qi)(qi)(qi)一(yi)(yi)，下(xia)攘其(qi)(qi)(qi)十(shi)，盡(jin)鬻其(qi)(qi)(qi)釜甑之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)器(qi)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)未足也(ye)(ye)(ye)，遂失(shi)業(ye)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)乞于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)道(dao)。此取(qu)(qu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)(yi)金(jin)(jin)(jin)，喪其(qi)(qi)(qi)百(bai)金(jin)(jin)(jin)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。潞之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)西山(shan)(shan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中有(you)(you)苗(miao)氏(shi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，富(fu)(fu)(fu)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)鐵治(zhi)(zhi)，業(ye)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)數(shu)世。多(duo)致(zhi)四方(fang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)賈，椎(zhui)鑿(zao)鼓(gu)瀉擔(dan)挽，所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)藉而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)食(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，常百(bai)馀(yu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)。或誣(wu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)主(zhu)盜(dao)，上(shang)(shang)獵其(qi)(qi)(qi)一(yi)(yi)，下(xia)攘其(qi)(qi)(qi)十(shi)，其(qi)(qi)(qi)治(zhi)(zhi)遂廢。向(xiang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)藉而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)食(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，無(wu)(wu)所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)得食(shi)(shi)，皆(jie)(jie)流亡(wang)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)河漳之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)上(shang)(shang)。此取(qu)(qu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)一(yi)(yi)室(shi)(shi)(shi)，喪其(qi)(qi)(qi)百(bai)室(shi)(shi)(shi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。”由于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)唐(tang)(tang)氏(shi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)山(shan)(shan)西長(chang)子縣(xian)做(zuo)(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)個(ge)小(xiao)官(guan)(guan)，所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)對(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)貧(pin)農(nong)小(xiao)商生(sheng)活體(ti)會(hui)(hui)(hui)較深。且小(xiao)生(sheng)產(chan)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，周圍關系(xi)甚(shen)多(duo)，彼此影響很(hen)大(da)。一(yi)(yi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)受(shou)害(hai)，數(shu)家(jia)(jia)受(shou)累。指出的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)虐(nve)(nve)取(qu)(qu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)良(liang)結果(guo)，下(xia)面他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)又和不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)虐(nve)(nve)取(qu)(qu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)做(zuo)(zuo)了個(ge)比較。他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)接著(zhu)說(shuo)：“虐(nve)(nve)取(qu)(qu)如是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)取(qu)(qu)反是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。隴右牧羊，河北育豕，淮南飼鶩，湖濱繅絲，吳鄉之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)民(min)(min)(min)，編蓑織席，皆(jie)(jie)至(zhi)微之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)業(ye)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。然而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)日(ri)(ri)息歲(sui)(sui)(sui)轉(zhuan)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)(ke)勝(sheng)算。此皆(jie)(jie)操(cao)一(yi)(yi)金(jin)(jin)(jin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)資，可(ke)(ke)致(zhi)百(bai)金(jin)(jin)(jin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)利(li)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。里有(you)(you)千金(jin)(jin)(jin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)家(jia)(jia)，嫁(jia)女娶婦(fu)(fu)，死喪生(sheng)慶，疾病醫禱，燕(yan)飲(yin)裔愧(kui)(kui)，魚肉果(guo)蔬椒(jiao)桂之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物，與之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)市(shi)(shi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)眾矣(yi)。緡(min)錢緇銀，市(shi)(shi)販貸之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，石麥斛米，佃農(nong)貸之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，匹布尺帛，鄰里黨(dang)戚(qi)貸之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)；所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)賴之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)眾矣(yi)。此藉之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)室(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)富(fu)(fu)(fu)可(ke)(ke)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)百(bai)室(shi)(shi)(shi)養者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。海(hai)內之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)財(cai)，無(wu)(wu)土不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)產(chan)，無(wu)(wu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)生(sheng)；歲(sui)(sui)(sui)月不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)計(ji)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)自足，貧(pin)富(fu)(fu)(fu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)謀而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)相(xiang)資。是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)故圣(sheng)人(ren)(ren)(ren)無(wu)(wu)生(sheng)財(cai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)術。因其(qi)(qi)(qi)自然之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)利(li)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)無(wu)(wu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)擾之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)財(cai)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)(ke)勝(sheng)用矣(yi)。”唐(tang)(tang)甄(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)這(zhe)種“歲(sui)(sui)(sui)月不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)計(ji)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)自足，貧(pin)富(fu)(fu)(fu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)謀而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)相(xiang)資”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)提法(fa)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)十(shi)分有(you)(you)見解的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。今.日(ri)(ri)有(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)千金(jin)(jin)(jin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)家(jia)(jia)，明(ming).日(ri)(ri)就可(ke)(ke)能(neng)(neng)有(you)(you)數(shu)個(ge)千金(jin)(jin)(jin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)家(jia)(jia)，后.日(ri)(ri)就可(ke)(ke)能(neng)(neng)有(you)(you)百(bai)個(ge)千金(jin)(jin)(jin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)家(jia)(jia)，這(zhe)種從聯系(xi)發展的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)觀(guan)點(dian)看(kan)問(wen)(wen)題，是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)有(you)(you)進步意義的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。因此，他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)以(yi)(yi)(yi)植(zhi)柳為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)例，主(zhu)張植(zhi)柳，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)要(yao)(yao)折枝(zhi)。他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)接著(zhu)說(shuo)：“今夫(fu)柳，天下(xia)易生(sheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物也(ye)(ye)(ye)；折尺寸(cun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)枝(zhi)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)植(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)過三年而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)成樹(shu)(shu)。歲(sui)(sui)(sui)剪其(qi)(qi)(qi)枝(zhi)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)筐(kuang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)器(qi)。以(yi)(yi)(yi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)防河之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)掃。不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)(ke)勝(sheng)用也(ye)(ye)(ye)。其(qi)(qi)(qi)無(wu)(wu)窮之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)用”，皆(jie)(jie)自尺寸(cun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)枝(zhi)生(sheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。若(ruo)其(qi)(qi)(qi)始(shi)植(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)時，有(you)(you)童子者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)拔(ba)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)棄之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。安(an)(an)望歲(sui)(sui)(sui)剪其(qi)(qi)(qi)枝(zhi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)利(li)用哉(zai)！其(qi)(qi)(qi)無(wu)(wu)窮之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)用，皆(jie)(jie)自尺寸(cun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)枝(zhi)絕(jue)(jue)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)擾民(min)(min)(min)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，植(zhi)枝(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)(ye)(ye)，生(sheng)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)已也(ye)(ye)(ye)；虐(nve)(nve)取(qu)(qu)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)民(min)(min)(min)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，拔(ba)枝(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)(ye)(ye)，絕(jue)(jue)其(qi)(qi)(qi)生(sheng)也(ye)(ye)(ye)”。那(nei)(nei)末(mo)，虐(nve)(nve)取(qu)(qu)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)民(min)(min)(min)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，究竟是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)誰呢?依(yi)照(zhao)(zhao)唐(tang)(tang)甄(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)意思(si)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)些(xie)貪(tan)官(guan)(guan)污吏(li)。他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)們(men)(men)比盜(dao)賊(穴墻而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)入(ru)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe))，暴徒(群刃而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)進者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe))、道(dao)劃(hua)(御旅于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)途(tu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe))、伙寇(寇至(zhi)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)誅者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe))都要(yao)(yao)兇狠得多(duo)。他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)們(men)(men)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)：既亡(wang)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)上(shang)(shang)，復(fu)取(qu)(qu)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)下(xia)，轉(zhuan)亡(wang)轉(zhuan)取(qu)(qu)，如填(tian)壑(he)(he)谷(gu)。他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)自問(wen)(wen)自答地(di)說(shuo)：“天下(xia)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)大(da)害(hai)莫如貪(tan)，蓋十(shi)百(bai)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)重(zhong)賦焉(yan)。穴墻而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)入(ru)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)盡(jin)人(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)密(mi)藏(zang)(zang)。群刃而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)進者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)奪人(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)田(tian)宅，御旅于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)途(tu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)破(po)人(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)家(jia)(jia)室(shi)(shi)(shi)，寇至(zhi)誅焚者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)窮山(shan)(shan)谷(gu)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)偏四海(hai)。彼為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)吏(li)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，星列于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)天下(xia)，日(ri)(ri)夜獵人(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)財(cai)。所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)獲既多(duo)，則(ze)(ze)有(you)(you)陵己者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)負篋而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)去。既亡(wang)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)上(shang)(shang)，復(fu)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)天下(xia)，轉(zhuan)亡(wang)轉(zhuan)取(qu)(qu)，如填(tian)壑(he)(he)谷(gu)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)(ke)滿也(ye)(ye)(ye)。寇不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)盡(jin)世，而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)民(min)(min)(min)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)毒于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)貪(tan)吏(li)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，無(wu)(wu)所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)逃于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)天地(di)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)間。”問(wen)(wen)題值得深思(si)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)：由于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)社(she)會(hui)(hui)(hui)風氣不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)正(zheng)，就會(hui)(hui)(hui)使(shi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)非顛倒，黑白不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)分，這(zhe)種壞風氣，腐蝕人(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)思(si)想(xiang)很(hen)深，千萬不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)(ke)低估。那(nei)(nei)些(xie)貪(tan)官(guan)(guan)，反被社(she)會(hui)(hui)(hui)上(shang)(shang)視為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)“能(neng)(neng)吏(li)”。“市(shi)(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)慕之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，鄉黨(dang)尊之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，教子弟(di)(di)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)勸之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”。反之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，那(nei)(nei)些(xie)廉吏(li)，反被社(she)會(hui)(hui)(hui)上(shang)(shang)視為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)“無(wu)(wu)能(neng)(neng)”。“市(shi)(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)賤之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，鄉黨(dang)笑(xiao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，教子弟(di)(di)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)戒之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。”唐(tang)(tang)甄(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)十(shi)分感(gan)慨(kai)地(di)說(shuo)：“蓋貪(tan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)錮人(ren)(ren)(ren)心也(ye)(ye)(ye)甚(shen)矣(yi)！”那(nei)(nei)么，到(dao)底如何治(zhi)(zhi)貧(pin)，如何改(gai)變這(zhe)種不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)正(zheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)風呢？依(yi)照(zhao)(zhao)唐(tang)(tang)甄(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)意思(si)，必須(xu)由上(shang)(shang)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)下(xia)地(di)來(lai)改(gai)變這(zhe)種風氣。“人(ren)(ren)(ren)君能(neng)(neng)儉，則(ze)(ze)百(bai)官(guan)(guan)化之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，庶民(min)(min)(min)化之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。”這(zhe)就正(zheng)如孟子所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)說(shuo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，上(shang)(shang)有(you)(you)好(hao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)下(xia)必有(you)(you)甚(shen)焉(yan)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)矣(yi)。這(zhe)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)種用教育的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方(fang)法(fa)來(lai)移風易俗。當然，唐(tang)(tang)甄(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)這(zhe)種想(xiang)法(fa)基(ji)本(ben)上(shang)(shang)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。但是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)還(huan)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)理解，在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)封(feng)建(jian)社(she)會(hui)(hui)(hui)中，使(shi)統(tong)治(zhi)(zhi)階(jie)級(ji)及其(qi)(qi)(qi)追隨者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)們(men)(men)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)剝削人(ren)(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)(min)這(zhe)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)根本(ben)辦(ban)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)到(dao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。這(zhe)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)們(men)(men)自己所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)處的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)階(jie)級(ji)所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)決(jue)定的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)依(yi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)們(men)(men)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)意志(zhi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)轉(zhuan)移的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。退一(yi)(yi)步說(shuo)，即使(shi)能(neng)(neng)做(zuo)(zuo)到(dao)上(shang)(shang)行下(xia)效，在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)階(jie)級(ji)社(she)會(hui)(hui)(hui)中，小(xiao)商品生(sheng)產(chan)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)本(ben)身(shen)也(ye)(ye)(ye)要(yao)(yao)兩極(ji)(ji)分化。唐(tang)(tang)甄(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)說(shuo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)富(fu)(fu)(fu)，重(zhong)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)富(fu)(fu)(fu)民(min)(min)(min)。他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)認(ren)(ren)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)未有(you)(you)民(min)(min)(min)貧(pin)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)能(neng)(neng)富(fu)(fu)(fu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)。他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)說(shuo)：“立(li)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)無(wu)(wu)他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)，惟在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)富(fu)(fu)(fu)。自古(gu)未有(you)(you)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)貧(pin)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)。夫(fu)富(fu)(fu)(fu)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)編戶，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)府庫。若(ruo)編戶空虛，雖府庫之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)財(cai)積如丘(qiu)山(shan)(shan)，實為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)貧(pin)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)矣(yi)。”唐(tang)(tang)甄(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)具有(you)(you)較強(qiang)烈(lie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)新(xin)興市(shi)(shi)民(min)(min)(min)意識的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)啟蒙思(si)想(xiang)家(jia)(jia)，他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)看(kan)到(dao)財(cai)富(fu)(fu)(fu)積累的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)性，但他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)對(dui)生(sheng)產(chan)資料為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)誰所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)有(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)問(wen)(wen)題上(shang)(shang)，認(ren)(ren)識是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)極(ji)(ji)模糊的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)甚(shen)至(zhi)說(shuo)：“千金(jin)(jin)(jin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)富(fu)(fu)(fu)，可(ke)(ke)惠戚(qi)友，五倍之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)富(fu)(fu)(fu)，可(ke)(ke)惠鄰里，十(shi)倍之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)富(fu)(fu)(fu)，可(ke)(ke)惠鄉黨(dang)，百(bai)倍之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)富(fu)(fu)(fu)，可(ke)(ke)惠國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)邑；天子之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)富(fu)(fu)(fu)，可(ke)(ke)惠天下(xia)。”他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)認(ren)(ren)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)“為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)政(zheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)，必先田(tian)市(shi)(shi)。”只要(yao)(yao)“農(nong)安(an)(an)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)田(tian)，賈安(an)(an)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)市(shi)(shi)”則(ze)(ze)“財(cai)用足”。否則(ze)(ze)“農(nong)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)安(an)(an)田(tian)，賈不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)安(an)(an)市(shi)(shi)，其(qi)(qi)(qi)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)必貧(pin)。”唐(tang)(tang)甄(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)富(fu)(fu)(fu)民(min)(min)(min)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)說(shuo)，雖有(you)(you)時代(dai)局限性，但看(kan)法(fa)閎肆峭勁，盲人(ren)(ren)(ren)所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)敢言，自成一(yi)(yi)家(jia)(jia)，當之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)無(wu)(wu)愧(kui)(kui)。
唐甄重(zhong)視(shi)農(nong)業(ye)(ye)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)，重(zhong)視(shi)物(wu)質經濟(ji)(ji)生(sheng)活，除(chu)谷物(wu)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)外，在農(nong)，林，牧、副(fu)，漁中(zhong)，他(ta)(ta)(ta)尤重(zhong)視(shi)養蠶(can)(can)(can)業(ye)(ye)。這(zhe)和他(ta)(ta)(ta)曾任長子(zi)縣(xian)知縣(xian)以(yi)(yi)及(ji)他(ta)(ta)(ta)重(zhong)視(shi)事物(wu)的(de)(de)哲學(xue)觀是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)分(fen)不(bu)開的(de)(de)。《教蠶(can)(can)(can)》云：“吳(wu)絲衣天(tian)下，聚于(yu)雙林，吳(wu)越閩番至于(yu)海(hai)島，皆來市焉。五(wu)月，載銀(yin)而(er)(er)(er)(er)至，委積如瓦(wa)礫。吳(wu)南(nan)諸(zhu)鄉。歲(sui)有(you)(you)百十萬之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)益。是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)以(yi)(yi)雖賦重(zhong)困窮，民(min)未至于(yu)空(kong)虛(xu)，室廬舟楫(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)繁庶，勝于(yu)他(ta)(ta)(ta)所(suo)(suo)。此(ci)蠶(can)(can)(can)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)厚(hou)也。四月務蠶(can)(can)(can)，無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)男女老幼(you)，蘋力靡他(ta)(ta)(ta)。無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)稅無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)荒，以(yi)(yi)三旬之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)勞(lao)。無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)農(nong)四時之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)久(jiu)，而(er)(er)(er)(er)半(ban)其(qi)(qi)(qi)利(li)(li)(li)。此(ci)蠶(can)(can)(can)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)可(ke)貴也。”可(ke)見(jian)他(ta)(ta)(ta)十分(fen)重(zhong)視(shi)蠶(can)(can)(can)桑之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)利(li)(li)(li)。他(ta)(ta)(ta)認(ren)為(wei)(wei)，養蠶(can)(can)(can)“以(yi)(yi)三旬之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)勞(lao)，無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)農(nong)時之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)久(jiu)，而(er)(er)(er)(er)半(ban)其(qi)(qi)(qi)利(li)(li)(li)。”也就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)說(shuo)，只花費三十天(tian)的(de)(de)勞(lao)動，就(jiu)可(ke)獲(huo)得(de)(de)半(ban)于(yu)耕種(zhong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)利(li)(li)(li)。因此(ci)，他(ta)(ta)(ta)主張(zhang)(zhang)，不(bu)可(ke)廢(fei)海(hai)內無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)窮之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)利(li)(li)(li)，使(shi)民(min)不(bu)得(de)(de)厚(hou)其(qi)(qi)(qi)生(sheng)。他(ta)(ta)(ta)接著說(shuo)：“三代以(yi)(yi)下，廢(fei)海(hai)內無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)窮之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)利(li)(li)(li)，使(shi)民(min)不(bu)得(de)(de)厚(hou)其(qi)(qi)(qi)生(sheng)，乃(nai)患民(min)貪(tan)，生(sheng)財無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)術。是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)猶家(jia)有(you)(you)寶藏而(er)(er)(er)(er)不(bu)知發，而(er)(er)(er)(er)汲(ji)汲(ji)臘腌果(guo)蔬(shu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)鬻也。盍亦謀(mou)諸(zhu)此(ci)與(yu)！吾欲使(shi)桑偏海(hai)內，有(you)(you)禾之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)土必有(you)(you)桑焉！然亦非易也！”其(qi)(qi)(qi)原(yuan)因就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)“安之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)久(jiu)者難(nan)創，習之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)慣(guan)者難(nan)作。約法而(er)(er)(er)(er)民(min)不(bu)信(xin)，施教而(er)(er)(er)(er)民(min)不(bu)從，則(ze)樹(shu)殖亦不(bu)可(ke)就(jiu)。”欲達到家(jia)家(jia)有(you)(you)桑可(ke)種(zhong)，則(ze)必須除(chu)政府帶頭提(ti)倡(chang)外，要(yao)(yao)獎(jiang)勤罰(fa)懶(lan)。對(dui)人民(min)群(qun)眾(zhong)獎(jiang)懲的(de)(de)標準，不(bu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)依(yi)據領導(dao)的(de)(de)好惡(e)，而(er)(er)(er)(er)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)取決(jue)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)的(de)(de)好壞。勤者，生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)多，則(ze)獎(jiang)勵；惰者，生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)少，則(ze)懲罰(fa)。賞罰(fa)嚴明，自然會促(cu)進生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)的(de)(de)提(ti)高，副(fu)業(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)發展(zhan)，對(dui)國(guo)民(min)經濟(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)促(cu)進有(you)(you)直接的(de)(de)關系。要(yao)(yao)做到這(zhe)些(xie)，首先要(yao)(yao)人盡其(qi)(qi)(qi)勞(lao)，地盡其(qi)(qi)(qi)利(li)(li)(li)。然后才能談到推(tui)廣(guang)合理(li)密植。改進蠶(can)(can)(can)種(zhong)繅絲等。在江南(nan)一帶，大(da)都為(wei)(wei)桑蠶(can)(can)(can)種(zhong)場(chang)，不(bu)象山東，河南(nan)，還有(you)(you)很多的(de)(de)柞蠶(can)(can)(can)種(zhong)場(chang)及(ji)蓖麻蠶(can)(can)(can)種(zhong)場(chang)。這(zhe)就(jiu)要(yao)(yao)因地制宜。唐甄是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一個(ge)重(zhong)農(nong)思(si)想(xiang)(xiang)家(jia)，他(ta)(ta)(ta)十分(fen)重(zhong)視(shi)勤勞(lao)致富(fu)。唐甄的(de)(de)重(zhong)農(nong)思(si)想(xiang)(xiang)，和清代其(qi)(qi)(qi)他(ta)(ta)(ta)人比較起來，思(si)想(xiang)(xiang)還是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)比較解(jie)放的(de)(de)。其(qi)(qi)(qi)言(yan)經濟(ji)(ji)則(ze)注(zhu)重(zhong)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)，棉桑樹(shu)牧富(fu)民(min)為(wei)(wei)先，返(fan)樸崇儉，無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)不(bu)有(you)(you)益于(yu)經國(guo)濟(ji)(ji)世。誠如張(zhang)(zhang)廷樞(shu)所(suo)(suo)說(shuo)：“其(qi)(qi)(qi)文馳騁反復(fu)，如列子(zi)御(yu)風，翩然騫(qian)舉，又如淮陰(yin)將兵(bing)，多多益善。本其(qi)(qi)(qi)自得(de)(de)于(yu)心者，暢所(suo)(suo)欲言(yan)，無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)艱(jian)難(nan)勞(lao)苦之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)態，而(er)(er)(er)(er)與(yu)道大(da)適。”實(shi)乃(nai)公允之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)論。
唐(tang)甄(zhen)重(zhong)視商(shang)(shang)(shang)業(ye)(ye)(ye)。他反(fan)對過去傳統(tong)的(de)(de)抑(yi)商(shang)(shang)(shang)政(zheng)策(ce)。在唐(tang)氏看(kan)來(lai)，商(shang)(shang)(shang)人(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)地(di)位，并不(bu)(bu)(bu)比農(nong)民(min)低(di)些(xie)。他自(zi)己就(jiu)經(jing)營商(shang)(shang)(shang)業(ye)(ye)(ye)。而且并不(bu)(bu)(bu)認為(wei)自(zi)卑。下(xia)面(mian)(mian)是(shi)他自(zi)己在現(xian)(xian)身(shen)說(shuo)法(fa)：“有(you)(you)言(yan)經(jing)可(ke)賈者。于(yu)(yu)是(shi)賤鬻(yu)其(qi)(qi)田(tian)，得(de)六十(shi)余金，使(shi)衷及原販(fan)(fan)于(yu)(yu)震澤，賣于(yu)(yu)吳(wu)(wu)市(shi)(shi)(shi)，有(you)(you)少(shao)利焉(yan)。己而經(jing)之(zhi)(zhi)得(de)失不(bu)(bu)(bu)常(chang)，乃(nai)遷于(yu)(yu)城(cheng)東(dong)，虛其(qi)(qi)堂，己居于(yu)(yu)內不(bu)(bu)(bu)出(chu)，使(shi)衷原為(wei)矛，主(zhu)(zhu)經(jing)客，有(you)(you)少(shao)利焉(yan)。在唐(tang)甄(zhen)看(kan)來(lai)，經(jing)商(shang)(shang)(shang)為(wei)牙(ya)，亦救(jiu)死(si)之(zhi)(zhi)術，沒有(you)(you)什(shen)么(me)不(bu)(bu)(bu)體(ti)面(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)地(di)方，至于(yu)(yu)一(yi)般社會上(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)陳(chen)舊看(kan)法(fa)，說(shuo)什(shen)么(me)“民(min)之(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)道，土為(wei)貴，農(nong)次之(zhi)(zhi)，惟賈為(wei)下(xia)。賈為(wei)下(xia)者，為(wei)其(qi)(qi)為(wei)利也。是(shi)故君(jun)子不(bu)(bu)(bu)言(yan)貨幣，不(bu)(bu)(bu)問贏絀。一(yi)涉(she)于(yu)(yu)此(ci)，謂之(zhi)(zhi)賈風，必(bi)深恥(chi)之(zhi)(zhi)。”又(you)說(shuo)什(shen)么(me)“夫賈為(wei)下(xia)，牙(ya)為(wei)尤下(xia)，”這(zhe)種賤視商(shang)(shang)(shang)人(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)觀(guan)(guan)(guan)點，唐(tang)甄(zhen)也是(shi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)同意的(de)(de)。既然(ran)呂尚可(ke)以(yi)賣飯于(yu)(yu)盂津，那么(me)唐(tang)甄(zhen)為(wei)牙(ya)于(yu)(yu)吳(wu)(wu)市(shi)(shi)(shi)，又(you)有(you)(you)什(shen)么(me)不(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)呢?“其(qi)(qi)義(yi)一(yi)也”。唐(tang)甄(zhen)每以(yi)田(tian)市(shi)(shi)(shi)并列，農(nong)賈并稱。他在《達政(zheng)》中(zhong)(zhong)說(shuo)：“養民(min)之(zhi)(zhi)善(shan)(shan)政(zheng)，十(shi)有(you)(you)八焉(yan)：勸(quan)農(nong)豐谷，土田(tian)不(bu)(bu)(bu)荒蕪，為(wei)上(shang)(shang)善(shan)(shan)政(zheng)一(yi)。……居貨不(bu)(bu)(bu)棄商(shang)(shang)(shang)賈如(ru)(ru)歸，為(wei)中(zhong)(zhong)善(shan)(shan)政(zheng)一(yi)……學校殿廡常(chang)新(xin)，春秋享祀(si)必(bi)敬，為(wei)下(xia)善(shan)(shan)政(zheng)一(yi)。……”這(zhe)可(ke)以(yi)反(fan)映(ying)唐(tang)甄(zhen)對善(shan)(shan)政(zheng)看(kan)法(fa)是(shi)有(you)(you)他自(zi)己的(de)(de)標(biao)準的(de)(de)。他把(ba)“居貨不(bu)(bu)(bu)欺，商(shang)(shang)(shang)賈如(ru)(ru)歸”列為(wei)中(zhong)(zhong)善(shan)(shan)政(zheng)之(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)。唐(tang)甄(zhen)又(you)在《太子》篇內這(zhe)樣(yang)說(shuo)，“凡教太子，觀(guan)(guan)(guan)于(yu)(yu)桑，則(ze)(ze)知衣服所自(zi)出(chu)，觀(guan)(guan)(guan)于(yu)(yu)肆，則(ze)(ze)知器用(yong)所自(zi)出(chu)。凡教太子，過市(shi)(shi)(shi)，則(ze)(ze)見販(fan)(fan)鬻(yu)之(zhi)(zhi)勞，在途，則(ze)(ze)見負擔之(zhi)(zhi)勞。……”如(ru)(ru)果他輕視工(gong)(gong)商(shang)(shang)(shang)業(ye)(ye)(ye)者，又(you)怎樣(yang)會這(zhe)樣(yang)說(shuo)呢?他是(shi)肯定(ding)了(le)商(shang)(shang)(shang)人(ren)(ren)有(you)(you)“販(fan)(fan)鬻(yu)之(zhi)(zhi)勞”的(de)(de)。唐(tang)甄(zhen)的(de)(de)經(jing)濟(ji)觀(guan)(guan)(guan)點是(shi)在十(shi)七世紀上(shang)(shang)半期形成的(de)(de)。這(zhe)個(ge)時(shi)(shi)期，正(zheng)是(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)社會劇烈(lie)變化的(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)代(dai)。這(zhe)時(shi)(shi)資(zi)(zi)本主(zhu)(zhu)義(yi)萌芽的(de)(de)最初形態(tai)，已稀(xi)疏地(di)出(chu)現(xian)(xian).在東(dong)南沿(yan)海一(yi)帶(dai)一(yi)些(xie)個(ge)別城(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)手工(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)生產部門(men)中(zhong)(zhong)，然(ran)后緩慢(man)地(di)通過這(zhe)樣(yang)或那樣(yang)的(de)(de)形式(shi)滲透農(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)經(jing)濟(ji)部門(men)中(zhong)(zhong)。在歐洲，人(ren)(ren)們見到(dao)的(de)(de)是(shi)‘資(zi)(zi)本主(zhu)(zhu)義(yi)生產方式(shi)開(kai)始于(yu)(yu)手工(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)，只是(shi)到(dao)后來(lai)才(cai)使(shi)農(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)從屑(xie)于(yu)(yu)自(zi)己。”這(zhe)一(yi)情(qing)況，中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)亦毫無例外。唐(tang)甄(zhen)正(zheng)處在這(zhe)一(yi)時(shi)(shi)期，因(yin)此(ci)他的(de)(de)經(jing)濟(ji)思(si)想就(jiu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)能不(bu)(bu)(bu)打著時(shi)(shi)代(dai)的(de)(de)烙印(yin)。
唐(tang)(tang)(tang)甄(zhen)(zhen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)貨(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)幣(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)觀(guan)(guan)，充(chong)(chong)分表(biao)露在(zai)他(ta)(ta)(ta)所寫的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)《更幣(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)》、《存言(yan)(yan)》等篇中(zhong)(zhong)。為(wei)了(le)弄清(qing)清(qing)朝貨(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)幣(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)，唐(tang)(tang)(tang)甄(zhen)(zhen)經濟思(si)想的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)來(lai)龍去脈，有必要(yao)(yao)把他(ta)(ta)(ta)所處(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時代(dai)背景作一(yi)簡單的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)回顧(gu)。清(qing)朝入關后(hou)，給(gei)東南沿海(hai)一(yi)帶(dai)人(ren)(ren)民(min)帶(dai)來(lai)了(le)極其(qi)沉(chen)(chen)重的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)災難。這(zhe)(zhe)就不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)引起(qi)廣(guang)大(da)人(ren)(ren)民(min)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)反抗(kang)斗(dou)爭，而(er)(er)(er)(er)且持續達數(shu)十年(nian)之(zhi)(zhi)久。江南人(ren)(ren)民(min)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)反剃發(fa)斗(dou)爭，閩廣(guang)人(ren)(ren)民(min)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)反遷海(hai)斗(dou)爭，引起(qi)巨(ju)烈的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)方動亂，貨(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)幣(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)貶值，物(wu)(wu)價(jia)(jia)高漲，民(min)風日玩，尊稱漸褻。特別是(shi)與人(ren)(ren)民(min)群眾(zhong)日常(chang)生活有血肉相(xiang)連的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)物(wu)(wu)價(jia)(jia)問題與貨(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)幣(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)問題，成(cheng)為(wei)廣(guang)大(da)群眾(zhong)最(zui)(zui)為(wei)關心(xin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)問題。唐(tang)(tang)(tang)甄(zhen)(zhen)對(dui)貨(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)幣(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)張用(yong)(yong)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)而(er)(er)(er)(er)廢(fei)銀(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)。他(ta)(ta)(ta)說(shuo)：“古者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)言(yan)(yan)富，唯在(zai)五谷；至(zhi)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)市(shi)(shi)易(yi)，則(ze)(ze)有龜(gui)、貝(bei)、金(jin)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)、刀布(bu)(bu)之(zhi)(zhi)幣(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)。其(qi)后(hou)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)金(jin)三(san)品，亦重在(zai)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)。后(hou)乃專以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)，而(er)(er)(er)(er)珠(zhu)、玉、龜(gui)、貝(bei)、銀(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)、錫之(zhi)(zhi)屬，但為(wei)器(qi)用(yong)(yong)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)為(wei)幣(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)。自明(ming)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)來(lai)，乃專以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)銀(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)。至(zhi)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)今(jin)(jin)，銀(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)日益少(shao)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)充(chong)(chong)世(shi)用(yong)(yong)。有千(qian)金(jin)之(zhi)(zhi)產(chan)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)常(chang)旬(xun)月(yue)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)見銖兩(liang)；谷賤(jian)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)得(de)飯，肉贖(shu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)得(de)食(shi)，布(bu)(bu)帛賤(jian)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)得(de)衣，鬻谷肉布(bu)(bu)帛者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)亦卒(zu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)得(de)衣食(shi)，銀(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)少(shao)故也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”銀(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)少(shao)，則(ze)(ze)價(jia)(jia)昂(ang)；價(jia)(jia)昂(ang)，則(ze)(ze)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)易(yi)得(de)；不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)易(yi)得(de)，則(ze)(ze)百貨(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)行(xing)(xing)，百貨(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)行(xing)(xing)，則(ze)(ze)良賈(jia)失(shi)業?良賈(jia)失(shi)業，則(ze)(ze)市(shi)(shi)場蕭(xiao)條(tiao)。最(zui)(zui)終是(shi)引起(qi)經濟恐慌和(he)惡性循(xun)環。他(ta)(ta)(ta)說(shuo)：“當今(jin)(jin)之(zhi)(zhi)世(shi)，無人(ren)(ren)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)窮(qiong)(qiong)，非窮(qiong)(qiong)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)財(cai)，窮(qiong)(qiong)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)銀(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)是(shi)楓橋之(zhi)(zhi)市(shi)(shi)，粟麥壅積，南濠之(zhi)(zhi)市(shi)(shi)。百貨(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)行(xing)(xing)；良賈(jia)失(shi)業，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)得(de)旋歸。萬金(jin)之(zhi)(zhi)家，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)五七(qi)年(nian)而(er)(er)(er)(er)為(wei)宴(yan)人(ren)(ren)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，子(zi)既數(shu)見之(zhi)(zhi)矣。”其(qi)實(shi)，這(zhe)(zhe)個問題，許多(duo)啟蒙(meng)思(si)想家和(he)唐(tang)(tang)(tang)甄(zhen)(zhen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)貨(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)幣(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)觀(guan)(guan)點(dian)是(shi)一(yi)樣的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。顧(gu)炎武(wu)就這(zhe)(zhe)樣說(shuo)過：“唐(tang)(tang)(tang)宋(song)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)前，上(shang)下通(tong)行(xing)(xing)之(zhi)(zhi)貨(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)，一(yi)皆(jie)(jie)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)而(er)(er)(er)(er)已，未嘗用(yong)(yong)銀(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)。”顧(gu)氏(shi)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)張，實(shi)與唐(tang)(tang)(tang)氏(shi)相(xiang)同。此外顧(gu)氏(shi)尚(shang)有《明(ming)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)法論》、《以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)為(wei)賦》等，皆(jie)(jie)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)行(xing)(xing)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)。為(wei)什么唐(tang)(tang)(tang)甄(zhen)(zhen)反對(dui)用(yong)(yong)白(bai)銀(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)作為(wei)貨(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)幣(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)呢?根據唐(tang)(tang)(tang)氏(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)看法，其(qi)理由有三(san)：一(yi)，白(bai)銀(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)缺少(shao)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)夠周轉。正(zheng)如(ru)上(shang)文所言(yan)(yan)，“至(zhi)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)今(jin)(jin)，銀(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)日益少(shao)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)充(chong)(chong)世(shi)用(yong)(yong)，”如(ru)此等等。二(er)，銀(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)易(yi)窖藏，民(min)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)易(yi)得(de)。“夫財(cai)之(zhi)(zhi)害在(zai)聚(ju)，銀(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，易(yi)聚(ju)之(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，范為(wei)圜定，旋絲白(bai)燦，人(ren)(ren)所貪愛。……蓋銀(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)之(zhi)(zhi)易(yi)聚(ju)，如(ru)水歸壑。”三(san)、銀(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)錫之(zhi)(zhi)屬，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)為(wei)幣(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)。他(ta)(ta)(ta)認(ren)為(wei)銀(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)只(zhi)可(ke)為(wei)器(qi)用(yong)(yong)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)為(wei)幣(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)。此與顧(gu)炎武(wu)所言(yan)(yan)同。依照唐(tang)(tang)(tang)甄(zhen)(zhen)觀(guan)(guan)點(dian)，應(ying)當廢(fei)銀(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)而(er)(er)(er)(er)用(yong)(yong)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)。“以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)谷為(wei)本以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)輔之(zhi)(zhi)，所以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)通(tong)其(qi)市(shi)(shi)易(yi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”他(ta)(ta)(ta)認(ren)為(wei)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)獨(du)行(xing)(xing)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)，還要(yao)(yao)大(da)量(liang)鑄制，大(da)量(liang)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)，他(ta)(ta)(ta)對(dui)市(shi)(shi)場上(shang)貨(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)幣(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)收縮，十分不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)滿。他(ta)(ta)(ta)說(shuo)：“今(jin)(jin)雖用(yong)(yong)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)過以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)易(yi)魚肉果蔬之(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)，米石(shi)(shi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)上(shang)，布(bu)(bu)帛匹以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)上(shang)，則(ze)(ze)必以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)銀(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)，涓(juan)涓(juan)細(xi)流，奚(xi)補于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)世(shi)?!錢(qian)(qian)(qian)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，泉(quan)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，必如(ru)江河(he)之(zhi)(zhi)流而(er)(er)(er)(er)后(hou)可(ke)博濟也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”但是(shi)，就唐(tang)(tang)(tang)甄(zhen)(zhen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)貨(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)幣(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)觀(guan)(guan)來(lai)看，他(ta)(ta)(ta)本身也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)是(shi)矛盾的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。他(ta)(ta)(ta)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)張廢(fei)銀(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)而(er)(er)(er)(er)用(yong)(yong)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)。這(zhe)(zhe)和(he)西(xi)歐重商(shang)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)義者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)重視金(jin)銀(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)成(cheng)鮮明(ming)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)對(dui)比。但他(ta)(ta)(ta)又希望市(shi)(shi)場上(shang)貨(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)幣(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)籌碼要(yao)(yao)多(duo)些，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)要(yao)(yao)死(si)氣沉(chen)(chen)沉(chen)(chen)。既要(yao)(yao)金(jin)銀(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)充(chong)(chong)斥，也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)要(yao)(yao)緡錢(qian)(qian)(qian)增(zeng)多(duo)。這(zhe)(zhe)就使(shi)(shi)(shi)他(ta)(ta)(ta)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)思(si)想不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)處(chu)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)困惑之(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong)(zhong)。如(ru)果我們深入探刻唐(tang)(tang)(tang)甄(zhen)(zhen)貨(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)幣(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)思(si)想的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)話，還不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)難發(fa)現，他(ta)(ta)(ta)除(chu)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)張廢(fei)除(chu)白(bai)銀(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)外，還主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)張貨(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)幣(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)工錢(qian)(qian)(qian)和(he)實(shi)物(wu)(wu)工錢(qian)(qian)(qian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)并用(yong)(yong)。“凡祿九個石(shi)(shi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)下，皆(jie)(jie)令受(shou)粟。度宮朝官軍(jun)之(zhi)(zhi)所用(yong)(yong)，皆(jie)(jie)令輸，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)粟而(er)(er)(er)(er)給(gei)之(zhi)(zhi)。其(qi)在(zai)州郡縣(xian)，常(chang)賦皆(jie)(jie)令輸。凡祿三(san)千(qian)石(shi)(shi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)下，皆(jie)(jie)令受(shou)粟。度城(cheng)郭(guo)兵役之(zhi)(zhi)所用(yong)(yong)，皆(jie)(jie)今(jin)(jin)輸緡，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)附錄而(er)(er)(er)(er)給(gei)之(zhi)(zhi)。其(qi)在(zai)邊防、內(nei)屯(tun)、將祿、卒(zu)食(shi)、皆(jie)(jie)令受(shou)粟。度甲胄衣履之(zhi)(zhi)所用(yong)(yong)，皆(jie)(jie)令運緡，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)附栗而(er)(er)(er)(er)給(gei)之(zhi)(zhi)。”唐(tang)(tang)(tang)甄(zhen)(zhen)考(kao)慮的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)廢(fei)銀(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)而(er)(er)(er)(er)行(xing)(xing)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)，沒有考(kao)慮到(dao)（1）“錢(qian)(qian)(qian)重難行(xing)(xing)，民(min)商(shang)必病。”(2)“銅(tong)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)采，又不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)易(yi)市(shi)(shi)。”(3)“民(min)欲難拂，俗(su)尚(shang)難移。”同時，處(chu)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)封(feng)建(jian)晚期的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)明(ming)清(qing)之(zhi)(zhi)際(ji)，貨(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)幣(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)地(di)租正(zheng)在(zai)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)破竹之(zhi)(zhi)勢向前發(fa)展，而(er)(er)(er)(er)唐(tang)(tang)(tang)甄(zhen)(zhen)卻(que)強調“實(shi)物(wu)(wu)地(di)租”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)借(jie)尸還魂，這(zhe)(zhe)就很(hen)難使(shi)(shi)(shi)人(ren)(ren)理解了(le)。當然，在(zai)整個清(qing)代(dai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)歷史長(chang)河(he)中(zhong)(zhong)，唐(tang)(tang)(tang)甄(zhen)(zhen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)這(zhe)(zhe)種貨(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)幣(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)思(si)潮(chao)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)并不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)是(shi)孤立的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)；唐(tang)(tang)(tang)甄(zhen)(zhen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)批(pi)判思(si)想，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)及他(ta)(ta)(ta)所蘊育出的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)近代(dai)民(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)思(si)想對(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)后(hou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)些清(qing)代(dai)學者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)都起(qi)到(dao)了(le)一(yi)定的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影響(xiang)。
《潛書(shu)(shu)》（1705）是(shi)(shi)(shi)唐(tang)(tang)甄遺世的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)唯(wei)一著(zhu)作，也是(shi)(shi)(shi)他最(zui)重要的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)著(zhu)作。起初名(ming)叫(jiao)《衡書(shu)(shu)》，初刻只有(you)13篇(pian)(pian)，署(shu)(shu)名(ming)唐(tang)(tang)大(da)陶。后來逐漸增加(jia)到97篇(pian)(pian)，并改(gai)名(ming)《潛書(shu)(shu)》，署(shu)(shu)名(ming)唐(tang)(tang)甄。唐(tang)(tang)甄在其(qi)(qi)書(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)《潛存》篇(pian)(pian)中說(shuo)，他撰述(shu)此書(shu)(shu)“歷三十年(nian)(nian)，累而(er)存之，分(fen)為(wei)上(shang)下(xia)(xia)(xia)篇(pian)(pian)。言學者系于(yu)上(shang)篇(pian)(pian)，凡五(wu)十篇(pian)(pian)；言治者系于(yu)下(xia)(xia)(xia)篇(pian)(pian)，號日《潛書(shu)(shu)》。上(shang)觀(guan)天(tian)道，下(xia)(xia)(xia)察人事，遠正古跡，近度今宜(yi)，根(gen)于(yu)心而(er)致(zhi)之行，如在其(qi)(qi)位而(er)謀其(qi)(qi)政(zheng)”。據有(you)關資料考證，《潛書(shu)(shu)》的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)刊(kan)刻時(shi)間是(shi)(shi)(shi)清康(kang)熙四十四年(nian)(nian)(1705)，由唐(tang)(tang)甄的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)女(nv)婿(xu)王(wang)聞(wen)遠刊(kan)刻行于(yu)世，這(zhe)是(shi)(shi)(shi)最(zui)早的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)原(yuan)刻本。此后有(you)1883年(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)李氏刻本和1905年(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)鄧氏刻本，均是(shi)(shi)(shi)原(yuan)刻本的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)翻(fan)版(ban)。新刻本有(you)中華(hua)書(shu)(shu)局出(chu)版(ban)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)1955年(nian)(nian)版(ban)本，1963年(nian)(nian)又(you)出(chu)版(ban)了(le)增訂(ding)本，1984年(nian)(nian)又(you)第(di)4次印刷(shua)。《潛書(shu)(shu)》是(shi)(shi)(shi)唐(tang)(tang)甄的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)論(lun)(lun)文(wen)集，在體例上(shang)模仿漢代王(wang)充(chong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)《論(lun)(lun)衡》。全書(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)內容不在于(yu)引經注典，更不同于(yu)漢后諸(zhu)儒的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)文(wen)字章句之學，而(er)在于(yu)針對(dui)時(shi)弊，吸(xi)取明末政(zheng)治腐敗(bai)導(dao)致(zhi)農(nong)民起義的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)教(jiao)訓(xun)，提出(chu)一系列抨(peng)擊君(jun)權專制和倡(chang)導(dao)以民為(wei)本的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)進步的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)政(zheng)教(jiao)觀(guan)點和主張，旨在善政(zheng)養民，摒棄程朱理學，以實學濟世扶危，治國平天(tian)下(xia)(xia)(xia)。《潛書(shu)(shu)》97篇(pian)(pian)，分(fen)上(shang)、下(xia)(xia)(xia)篇(pian)(pian)，上(shang)篇(pian)(pian)又(you)分(fen)上(shang)下(xia)(xia)(xia)兩(liang)部分(fen)，上(shang)篇(pian)(pian)上(shang)共(gong)21篇(pian)(pian)，自“辨(bian)儒”至(zhi)“勸學”；上(shang)篇(pian)(pian)下(xia)(xia)(xia)共(gong)29篇(pian)(pian)，自“取善”至(zhi)“博(bo)觀(guan)”。下(xia)(xia)(xia)篇(pian)(pian)亦分(fen)為(wei)上(shang)、下(xia)(xia)(xia)兩(liang)部分(fen)，下(xia)(xia)(xia)篇(pian)(pian)上(shang)自“尚(shang)治”至(zhi)“柅政(zheng)”共(gong)24篇(pian)(pian)；下(xia)(xia)(xia)篇(pian)(pian)下(xia)(xia)(xia)自“惰貧”至(zhi)“潛存”共(gong)23篇(pian)(pian)。全書(shu)(shu)主要是(shi)(shi)(shi)政(zheng)論(lun)(lun)文(wen)，一部分(fen)是(shi)(shi)(shi)教(jiao)育著(zhu)作。論(lun)(lun)述(shu)教(jiao)育的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)有(you)：辨(bian)儒、宗孟、法王(wang)、知行、性才、自明、敬修、講學、勸學、取善、五(wu)經、得(de)師(shi)、太(tai)子、明悌、誨子、博(bo)觀(guan)、用賢、教(jiao)蠶、全學、審知等(deng)諸(zhu)篇(pian)(pian)。
《潛書》上述(shu)諸教(jiao)育篇所闡(chan)述(shu)的(de)(de)教(jiao)育主張(zhang)，是以其(qi)反對君權專(zhuan)制政治(zhi)和宋明(ming)理學(xue)空(kong)談心(xin)性學(xue)風(feng)為基礎的(de)(de)，表(biao)現出鮮明(ming)的(de)(de)民(min)主政治(zhi)傾向和崇尚尊重個性與實學(xue)學(xue)風(feng)的(de)(de)價值取向。《潛書》教(jiao)育篇章中，論述(shu)的(de)(de)教(jiao)育主張(zhang)主要(yao)有如下幾個方面：
重釋儒教
其一，以“盡性達才”、“明功辨義”的(de)(de)(de)觀點重新解釋儒家教育的(de)(de)(de)目的(de)(de)(de)與作用(yong)。
在《辨儒(ru)(ru)》篇中，唐甄(zhen)指(zhi)出：“圣(sheng)賢之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)言，因時而(er)(er)變，所(suo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)救其(qi)(qi)失(shi)也”。儒(ru)(ru)家(jia)學(xue)(xue)說是(shi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)明(ming)(ming)道計功(gong)(gong)而(er)(er)有(you)用(yong)(yong)于(yu)世治的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，“儒(ru)(ru)者不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)言功(gong)(gong)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)觀點是(shi)對儒(ru)(ru)學(xue)(xue)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)歪曲。“儒(ru)(ru)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)為貴者，能(neng)(neng)(neng)定(ding)亂、除暴、安(an)百(bai)姓也”，如(ru)果事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)成(cheng)，功(gong)(gong)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)立(li)，儒(ru)(ru)學(xue)(xue)及其(qi)(qi)教育(yu)又有(you)什(shen)么用(yong)(yong)呢(ni)？他批評宋代(dai)(dai)以(yi)(yi)(yi)來(lai)(lai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)所(suo)謂儒(ru)(ru)學(xue)(xue)家(jia)，空(kong)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)圣(sheng)人之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)言，而(er)(er)“樹功(gong)(gong)則(ze)(ze)無聞焉”。什(shen)么叫做功(gong)(gong)呢(ni)？唐甄(zhen)以(yi)(yi)(yi)為兵(bing)、農、刑(xing)、谷利于(yu)百(bai)姓，能(neng)(neng)(neng)治亂安(an)邦，能(neng)(neng)(neng)使(shi)百(bai)姓安(an)居(ju)樂，能(neng)(neng)(neng)“廣濟天下(xia)”，即是(shi)實(shi)功(gong)(gong)。針對宋明(ming)(ming)理(li)學(xue)(xue)家(jia)只講修(xiu)心(xin)養(yang)(yang)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)致(zhi)“端居(ju)恭默”、“無所(suo)施張(zhang)”、空(kong)知(zhi)無行的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)流弊，指(zhi)出光(guang)知(zhi)“性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)德”而(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)知(zhi)“性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)才(cai)”是(shi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)知(zhi)儒(ru)(ru)學(xue)(xue)真(zhen)諦的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。所(suo)謂“性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)才(cai)”就是(shi)通過“良(liang)(liang)知(zhi)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“自修(xiu)”，由(you)道德本體之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)“心(xin)”所(suo)煥發(fa)并作用(yong)(yong)于(yu)客(ke)觀事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)物的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)才(cai)能(neng)(neng)(neng)。“如(ru)火有(you)明(ming)(ming)，明(ming)(ming)有(you)光(guang)”。光(guang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大小(xiao)和(he)明(ming)(ming)暗(an)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)同，人的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)才(cai)”亦(yi)有(you)大小(xiao)，但作為教育(yu)來(lai)(lai)講，唯(wei)在“盡性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)達才(cai)”。他認為：“性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)統天地(di)，備(bei)萬(wan)物。不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)相天地(di)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)育(yu)萬(wan)物，于(yu)彼有(you)闕，即己(ji)有(you)闕”。“性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)為才(cai)，故(gu)無不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)周(zhou)。何以(yi)(yi)(yi)圣(sheng)人乃能(neng)(neng)(neng)周(zhou)世，后(hou)(hou)儒(ru)(ru)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)周(zhou)身？蓋善修(xiu)則(ze)(ze)周(zhou)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)善修(xiu)則(ze)(ze)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)周(zhou)”。宋明(ming)(ming)理(li)學(xue)(xue)只講“盡性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)”而(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)言“盡才(cai)”，故(gu)無實(shi)功(gong)(gong)可樹。他說：“后(hou)(hou)世之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)為政(zheng)者，心(xin)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)明(ming)(ming)，則(ze)(ze)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)達；事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)達，則(ze)(ze)所(suo)見多乖，所(suo)行多泥(ni)。徒抱空(kong)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，終(zhong)于(yu)自廢，何以(yi)(yi)(yi)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)為!”在理(li)論上批評宋明(ming)(ming)理(li)學(xue)(xue)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)心(xin)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)修(xiu)養(yang)(yang)論是(shi)一(yi)種未能(neng)(neng)(neng)“盡性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)達才(cai)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)錯誤教育(yu)理(li)論，并指(zhi)出這(zhe)種教育(yu)實(shi)踐是(shi)棄“仁”之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)教。相反(fan)，陽明(ming)(ming)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“致(zhi)良(liang)(liang)知(zhi)”之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)教，“一(yi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)貫之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，明(ming)(ming)如(ru)日月，涉(she)險履危，四(si)通八辟而(er)(er)無礙也。其(qi)(qi)見于(yu)行事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)者，使(shi)人各(ge)(ge)當其(qi)(qi)才(cai)，慮事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)各(ge)(ge)得其(qi)(qi)宜；處患難而(er)(er)能(neng)(neng)(neng)全其(qi)(qi)用(yong)(yong)，遇小(xiao)人而(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)失(shi)其(qi)(qi)正，委蛇自遂，卒保其(qi)(qi)功(gong)(gong)”，是(shi)“盡性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)達才(cai)”“明(ming)(ming)功(gong)(gong)辨義”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)真(zhen)儒(ru)(ru)學(xue)(xue)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)教。唐甄(zhen)主張(zhang)廢宋明(ming)(ming)程(cheng)朱理(li)學(xue)(xue)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)教，代(dai)(dai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)陽明(ming)(ming)致(zhi)良(liang)(liang)知(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)教，這(zhe)一(yi)主張(zhang)是(shi)對明(ming)(ming)末清初所(suo)奉行的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)理(li)學(xue)(xue)獨尊文教政(zheng)策的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)個挑戰(zhan)，反(fan)映了他對儒(ru)(ru)學(xue)(xue)及其(qi)(qi)教育(yu)價值(zhi)觀的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)改造。
教育目標
其二(er)，提出“全學”教育內容(rong)，把傳統學校教學內容(rong)由(you)單純的書本知(zhi)識(shi)擴大到現實(shi)生活與生產以(yi)及軍事知(zhi)識(shi)技能(neng)范圍，以(yi)培養“全學人”為教育目標。
在《全(quan)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)》篇，唐甄(zhen)指(zhi)出：“學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)善獨身，居平(ping)世(shi)，仁(ren)(ren)義(yi)(yi)足矣，而(er)(er)(er)非全(quan)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)也(ye)”。所謂(wei)“全(quan)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)”，即包括(kuo)仁(ren)(ren)、義(yi)(yi)、兵(bing)(bing)三(san)方(fang)面的內(nei)容(rong)。仁(ren)(ren)與(yu)義(yi)(yi)是(shi)歷來儒(ru)(ru)(ru)家(jia)(jia)(jia)特別是(shi)宋明(ming)理學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)家(jia)(jia)(jia)所提倡的，但兵(bing)(bing)則(ze)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)儒(ru)(ru)(ru)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)所不(bu)(bu)齒。唐甄(zhen)說：“君子之(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)也(ye)，不(bu)(bu)可以(yi)(yi)(yi)不(bu)(bu)知(zhi)(zhi)兵(bing)(bing)”。“不(bu)(bu)知(zhi)(zhi)兵(bing)(bing)，則(ze)仁(ren)(ren)義(yi)(yi)無用(yong)(yong)，而(er)(er)(er)國因以(yi)(yi)(yi)亡矣”。他(ta)批(pi)評(ping)(ping)宋明(ming)理學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)教(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)只講仁(ren)(ren)義(yi)(yi)而(er)(er)(er)恥于言(yan)兵(bing)(bing)，結果忠臣(chen)孝子雖多，但一(yi)遇社(she)稷不(bu)(bu)幸(xing)，“君臣(chen)震懾”，為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)“不(bu)(bu)仁(ren)(ren)”、“不(bu)(bu)義(yi)(yi)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)虜，國破家(jia)(jia)(jia)亡。由此(ci)，他(ta)說：“所貴乎儒(ru)(ru)(ru)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，伐(fa)暴而(er)(er)(er)天下之(zhi)(zhi)暴除，誅亂而(er)(er)(er)天下之(zhi)(zhi)亂定，養(yang)(yang)民而(er)(er)(er)天下之(zhi)(zhi)民安”。在《教(jiao)(jiao)蠶(can)》篇中(zhong)，唐甄(zhen)認為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)三(san)代(dai)以(yi)(yi)(yi)下，官吏不(bu)(bu)知(zhi)(zhi)教(jiao)(jiao)民田桑(sang)，“廢海內(nei)無窮(qiong)之(zhi)(zhi)利(li)，使(shi)民不(bu)(bu)得(de)厚其(qi)生(sheng)，乃患民貧，生(sheng)財(cai)無術”。有(you)鑒如此(ci)，他(ta)主(zhu)張(zhang)(zhang)廣教(jiao)(jiao)民學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)習種(zhong)桑(sang)養(yang)(yang)蠶(can)以(yi)(yi)(yi)及飼繅之(zhi)(zhi)法，使(shi)“有(you)禾之(zhi)(zhi)土必有(you)桑(sang)焉”。在《勸學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)》篇中(zhong)，他(ta)批(pi)評(ping)(ping)后世(shi)儒(ru)(ru)(ru)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，將儒(ru)(ru)(ru)家(jia)(jia)(jia)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)說裂為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)文(wen)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)、事功、道(dao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)殊途，“習為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)迂(yu)闊無用(yong)(yong)于世(shi)，是(shi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)有(you)薄而(er)(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)”，喪失了儒(ru)(ru)(ru)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)及其(qi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)的根本。他(ta)反復強(qiang)調學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)以(yi)(yi)(yi)致(zhi)用(yong)(yong)，應當把教(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)內(nei)容(rong)擴大到現實(shi)政(zheng)治、生(sheng)產與(yu)生(sheng)活中(zhong)來，不(bu)(bu)要囿于心(xin)性(xing)道(dao)德一(yi)途。他(ta)尖銳指(zhi)出：“國家(jia)(jia)(jia)五十(shi)年(nian)來，為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)政(zheng)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)無一(yi)人(ren)以(yi)(yi)(yi)富(fu)民為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)事，上言(yan)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)無一(yi)人(ren)以(yi)(yi)(yi)富(fu)民為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)言(yan)”，是(shi)不(bu)(bu)知(zhi)(zhi)“立(li)國之(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)”“惟(wei)在于富(fu)”，以(yi)(yi)(yi)致(zhi)“四海之(zhi)(zhi)內(nei)，日(ri)益貧窮(qiong)，農空、工空、市空、仕空”。因此(ci)他(ta)主(zhu)張(zhang)(zhang)以(yi)(yi)(yi)“生(sheng)養(yang)(yang)之(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)”作(zuo)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)教(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)內(nei)容(rong)，移風(feng)易俗(su)，使(shi)國與(yu)家(jia)(jia)(jia)富(fu)強(qiang)。
其三，提出尊師重傅以加強皇太子教育的主張(zhang)。
在《得師》篇(pian)中，唐甄稱譽伊尹教(jiao)太甲(jia)、周(zhou)公(gong)訓成王(wang)，提出“君德必成于學(xue)，而(er)學(xue)必得師保”的命題。他(ta)以為一(yi)國(guo)政(zheng)治的好壞往往取決于君王(wang)的德智(zhi)才學(xue)，因此皇太子(zi)的教(jiao)育尤(you)其重要(yao)。如何教(jiao)太子(zi)呢(ni)？唐甄在《太子(zi)》篇(pian)中系統地闡述了有關教(jiao)育原則與方法：
(1)尊(zun)(zun)(zun)師(shi)(shi)重傅(fu)，即天子以(yi)身作則尊(zun)(zun)(zun)重師(shi)(shi)傅(fu)，只(zhi)有樹(shu)立師(shi)(shi)傅(fu)的(de)(de)尊(zun)(zun)(zun)嚴，才(cai)能(neng)使太子抑(yi)尊(zun)(zun)(zun)處(chu)卑(bei)。在作法上(shang)，打破南面(mian)臨師(shi)(shi)傅(fu)，把師(shi)(shi)傅(fu)作為下屬之臣(chen)看待的(de)(de)傳統(tong)，真(zhen)正使太子處(chu)于學生地位，“進(jin)退唯命”。
(2)讓太子接觸社(she)會(hui)實際，“春使(shi)(shi)視(shi)耕，夏使(shi)(shi)視(shi)耘，秋使(shi)(shi)視(shi)獲，冬使(shi)(shi)視(shi)藏”，從(cong)而(er)(er)知道(dao)生養之道(dao)。除了了解農(nong)業外，還(huan)應當觀于桑、牧、牢、澤、圃、山、肆、市、道(dao)等(deng)(deng)，從(cong)而(er)(er)知道(dao)衣服(fu)、車乘、鼎俎、魚鱉、果蔬、材木、器用等(deng)(deng)來之不(bu)易，知道(dao)商(shang)人、兵(bing)士、勞役等(deng)(deng)的勞苦。
(3)注意教育環境，不要異(yi)宮(gong)而處，異(yi)庖而食，異(yi)笥而衣，生活上不搞特殊化，同時還要禁止同宮(gong)女、宦官的接觸，因為(wei)女色傷(shang)身，宦官害政，這是明代政治(zhi)腐敗最(zui)慘(can)重(zhong)的兩個方面。
(4)嚴格要(yao)求(qiu)，“有(you)過必撻(ta)”。唐甄主張如果太子不接受師教(jiao)，不尊師傅，不敬不禮大臣，知而不行(xing)，不知農事農窮，不知物(wu)土人(ren)勞，受了教(jiao)育(yu)而無實(shi)際行(xing)動，都應當“撻(ta)之(zhi)”。實(shi)行(xing)嚴格教(jiao)育(yu)是(shi)使太子成為治國之(zhi)君的必要(yao)條件(jian)。
在《得師》篇(pian)中指出(chu)，太子身貴(gui)，但“心無貴(gui)賤”，“是故天子學同于(yu)(yu)士(shi)，懼而篤學，當百于(yu)(yu)士(shi)”。唐甄打破君權神授(shou)的(de)天命論(lun)，從建立理想的(de)國(guo)家政治(zhi)目的(de)出(chu)發，寄希望于(yu)(yu)儲(chu)君的(de)教養，在思想和理論(lun)上(shang)都(dou)有超越(yue)前人(ren)之處。
其四(si)，提出(chu)治(zhi)(zhi)化之源(yuan)在于吏治(zhi)(zhi)的政(zheng)教(jiao)思想(xiang)，批評(ping)學校(xiao)教(jiao)育的局限性。
這(zhe)一觀(guan)點是(shi)針(zhen)對(dui)明末(mo)東(dong)林(lin)黨人過份夸大(da)學校教育的政治作用(yong)而提出的。東(dong)林(lin)黨人封建私(si)塾(shu)
顧憲(xian)成認為(wei)興學(xue)校(xiao)以教天下是治亂之本，學(xue)校(xiao)教育(yu)對上有正(zheng)君正(zheng)職官的(de)作(zuo)用，對下則(ze)有“洽于鄉(xiang)里”使“民易使”的(de)效果。所以他們主張(zhang)在野(ye)之士廣(guang)結盟社，興書院，造成一種以學(xue)校(xiao)議政監政和(he)改(gai)變社會的(de)風氣。
唐甄在《尚治》篇中指出，這種(zhong)觀(guan)點雖是(shi)“善言”但不(bu)能行。原因在于(yu)“講學(xue)必樹黨(dang)，樹黨(dang)必爭(zheng)進退，使學(xue)者扳援奔趨而失其本(ben)心”。認為(wei)(wei)讀書人(ren)以(yi)講學(xue)來干(gan)預(yu)政(zheng)治的(de)(de)(de)(de)想(xiang)法和行動，在客觀(guan)上根本(ben)達不(bu)到目的(de)(de)(de)(de)，相反(fan)只能使“議論害治”，“使人(ren)尚浮(fu)夸而喪其實”。因為(wei)(wei)國家政(zheng)權操縱于(yu)皇(huang)帝一人(ren)之(zhi)手，加之(zhi)所(suo)御各級官吏極力(li)維護君主獨裁，所(suo)以(yi)知識(shi)分子的(de)(de)(de)(de)力(li)量是(shi)微(wei)不(bu)足道的(de)(de)(de)(de)，學(xue)校教育的(de)(de)(de)(de)政(zheng)治作用也是(shi)很(hen)有局限的(de)(de)(de)(de)。
在《富民》篇中，唐甄指出人(ren)民之(zhi)所(suo)以貧窮，國家(jia)之(zhi)所(suo)以不(bu)得治，不(bu)是教育無功，而是貪官之(zhi)害不(bu)除(chu)。官吏之(zhi)貪有甚于(yu)執(zhi)刃的盜賊，“夫盜不(bu)盡人(ren)，寇(kou)不(bu)盡世(shi)，而民之(zhi)毒于(yu)貪吏者，無所(suo)逃于(yu)天地之(zhi)間”。
在《考功》篇(pian)中指出；“天(tian)下(xia)(xia)之(zhi)官皆(jie)棄(qi)民(min)之(zhi)官，天(tian)下(xia)(xia)之(zhi)事皆(jie)棄(qi)民(min)之(zhi)事，是舉(ju)天(tian)下(xia)(xia)之(zhi)父兄子弟盡推之(zhi)于溝壑(he)也(ye)，欲得治(zhi)乎(hu)？”所以，治(zhi)國富(fu)民(min)的關鍵在于整頓吏治(zhi)，除天(tian)下(xia)(xia)貪官。但如何達到(dao)吏治(zhi)呢？唐甄并沒有找到(dao)什么有效措施(shi)，卻又回(hui)到(dao)教(jiao)育問題(ti)上來。他(ta)提倡通過(guo)教(jiao)育使上自君主下(xia)(xia)至(zhi)百官要以民(min)為本，以身(shen)作則(ze)，去貪養(yang)廉，論(lun)功舉(ju)賢，足食以養(yang)民(min)。顯然，這(zhe)些(xie)也(ye)是一種無能(neng)為力的幻想。
總之(zhi)，《潛書(shu)》所散論的(de)(de)(de)(de)教育思想在(zai)(zai)很大程度上(shang)是在(zai)(zai)政(zheng)治立(li)場和觀點基(ji)礎上(shang)闡發的(de)(de)(de)(de)，帶有濃厚的(de)(de)(de)(de)政(zheng)論性色彩。在(zai)(zai)上(shang)述(shu)觀點中，提倡實學教育的(de)(de)(de)(de)內容(rong)與(yu)目(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)，指陳教育作用的(de)(de)(de)(de)局(ju)限(xian)性，以及(ji)在(zai)(zai)論述(shu)教育與(yu)政(zheng)治的(de)(de)(de)(de)關(guan)(guan)系和批評(ping)宋明理(li)學教育流弊等(deng)(deng)方面，確有樸素的(de)(de)(de)(de)民主(zhu)主(zhu)義政(zheng)治傾向(xiang)和開創實學教育風氣的(de)(de)(de)(de)作用。但(dan)在(zai)(zai)其他篇章中，唐甄反(fan)復強調倫(lun)理(li)道德教育，特別(bie)是在(zai)(zai)有關(guan)(guan)家教方面，表現出強烈的(de)(de)(de)(de)禁欲(yu)主(zhu)義、男尊女卑、君權至尚等(deng)(deng)傾向(xiang)，加之(zhi)階級的(de)(de)(de)(de)局(ju)限(xian)，看(kan)不到勞動者的(de)(de)(de)(de)力(li)量，并且著(zhu)意貶低(di)士林清議政(zheng)治的(de)(de)(de)(de)作用，流露(lu)出消極(ji)(ji)悲觀的(de)(de)(de)(de)情緒。如果剔(ti)除這些消極(ji)(ji)因素，在(zai)(zai)今(jin).天，《潛書(shu)》中的(de)(de)(de)(de)進(jin)步教育主(zhu)張對(dui)于啟(qi)發人們認識和批判(pan)中國(guo)傳統教育是有幫助(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)。
唐(tang)甄(zhen)是(shi)清代初(chu)期重要的(de)社會啟蒙思想(xiang)家。他的(de)一生“困于遠游，厄于人事”唐(tang)甄(zhen)的(de)思想(xiang)對后世產生深(shen)遠影響
唐甄的社(she)會(hui)啟蒙思想，主要表(biao)現.在他對封建專制(zhi)制(zhi)度的深刻批(pi)判，以及由此出(chu)發提出(chu)的具有(you)初步民(min)主意識的政(zheng)治主張。他不(bu)僅繼承發揚(yang)了明清之際啟蒙思想家的經世傳統和(he)批(pi)判精神，而且(qie)具體提出(chu)了救治社(she)會(hui)弊端(duan)的實(shi)際措施。
唐(tang)甄的(de)(de)社(she)會政(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)啟蒙思想，首先表現.在他猛烈(lie)抨擊了(le)封建專制(zhi)制(zhi)度下的(de)(de)君主(zhu)順治(zhi)(zhi)官吏的(de)(de)殘暴罪行，提出了(le)抑(yi)制(zhi)君主(zhu)至尊權勢、倡導社(she)會人(ren)人(ren)平等的(de)(de)政(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)主(zhu)張。
唐(tang)甄(zhen)認為(wei)(wei)，在(zai)自(zi)秦(qin)以來(lai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)封建(jian)專制制度(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)社會(hui)中(zhong)，至高無(wu)上的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)封建(jian)君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)主(zhu)(zhu)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)僅是(shi)掠(lve)奪天(tian)下(xia)(xia)(xia)人(ren)(ren)財富的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)最(zui)大(da)盜(dao)賊(zei)，而且是(shi)慘(can)殺(sha)(sha)(sha)天(tian)下(xia)(xia)(xia)人(ren)(ren)生(sheng)(sheng)命的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)罪惡兇手(shou)。他(ta)說：“自(zi)秦(qin)以來(lai)，凡為(wei)(wei)帝王者皆賊(zei)也(ye)(ye)……殺(sha)(sha)(sha)一人(ren)(ren)而取其(qi)(qi)(qi)匹布斗粟(su)，猶(you)謂(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)賊(zei)；殺(sha)(sha)(sha)天(tian)下(xia)(xia)(xia)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)人(ren)(ren)而盡其(qi)(qi)(qi)布粟(su)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)富，而反不(bu)(bu)(bu)謂(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)賊(zei)乎？”（《潛(qian)書(shu)(shu)·室(shi)語》）唐(tang)甄(zhen)明確而尖銳地指(zhi)出，封建(jian)君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)主(zhu)(zhu)至尊權(quan)勢的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)取得和專制極(ji)權(quan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)統治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，是(shi)建(jian)立在(zai)殺(sha)(sha)(sha)天(tian)下(xia)(xia)(xia)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)人(ren)(ren)、掠(lve)天(tian)下(xia)(xia)(xia)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)財的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)殘(can)暴野蠻行為(wei)(wei)上的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。他(ta)指(zhi)出，二千(qian)多年的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)主(zhu)(zhu)專制社會(hui)，就(jiu)是(shi)一部(bu)“殺(sha)(sha)(sha)人(ren)(ren)如麻”、“血流漂杵”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)悲慘(can)歷(li)史。他(ta)說：“周秦(qin)以后，君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)將豪杰，皆鼓(gu)刀之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)屠(tu)人(ren)(ren)。”（《潛(qian)書(shu)(shu)·止殺(sha)(sha)(sha)》）“蓋自(zi)秦(qin)以來(lai)，屠(tu)殺(sha)(sha)(sha)二千(qian)余年，不(bu)(bu)(bu)可究止。嗟乎！何帝王盜(dao)賊(zei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)毒(du)至于如此其(qi)(qi)(qi)極(ji)哉！”（《潛(qian)書(shu)(shu)·全學》）唐(tang)甄(zhen)認為(wei)(wei)，雖(sui)然“殺(sha)(sha)(sha)人(ren)(ren)者眾手(shou)，實(shi)天(tian)子(zi)為(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)大(da)手(shou)。”（《潛(qian)書(shu)(shu)·室(shi)語》）暴虐君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)主(zhu)(zhu)是(shi)殘(can)害天(tian)下(xia)(xia)(xia)人(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)罪魁(kui)禍首，他(ta)們并非(fei)什么“德比唐(tang)虞，功過湯(tang)武”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)仁(ren)君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)圣人(ren)(ren)，而是(shi)“慘(can)刻(ke)少恩，譎(jue)詐無(wu)實(shi)”（《潛(qian)書(shu)(shu)·仁(ren)師》）的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)獨夫民賊(zei)。唐(tang)甄(zhen)進一步揭露說，竊國(guo)屠(tu)民的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)殘(can)暴無(wu)道的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)封建(jian)君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)主(zhu)(zhu)，是(shi)導致國(guo)家動亂、民眾涂炭(tan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)根源。他(ta)說，自(zi)秦(qin)以來(lai)，“君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)無(wu)道也(ye)(ye)多矣，民之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)樂其(qi)(qi)(qi)生(sheng)(sheng)也(ye)(ye)久矣”（《潛(qian)書(shu)(shu)·鮮(xian)君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)》）。民之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)樂其(qi)(qi)(qi)生(sheng)(sheng)，源于君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)無(wu)道。他(ta)指(zhi)出：“治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)天(tian)下(xia)(xia)(xia)者惟君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)。治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)亂非(fei)他(ta)人(ren)(ren)所(suo)能(neng)為(wei)(wei)也(ye)(ye)，君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)也(ye)(ye)。”“小人(ren)(ren)”、“女(nv)子(zi)寺人(ren)(ren)”、“奸雄盜(dao)賊(zei)”亂天(tian)下(xia)(xia)(xia)，皆由(you)君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)無(wu)道所(suo)致，
“懦君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)蓄(xu)亂，辟君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)生亂，暗君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)召亂，暴君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)激亂”（《潛(qian)書(shu)(shu)·鮮君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)》）。對(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)這些(xie)禍國(guo)殃(yang)民(min)(min)、惡貫(guan)滿盈的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)封建君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)，唐(tang)(tang)甄慰藉則厲言：其(qi)(qi)(qi)上(shang)帝使我治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)殺(sha)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)獄，我則有以(yi)(yi)(yi)處之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)矣。匹夫(fu)無(wu)(wu)故(gu)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)殺(sha)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)一(yi)身抵(di)(di)一(yi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)死(si)，斯足矣；有天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)下(xia)者(zhe)無(wu)(wu)故(gu)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)殺(sha)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)，雖百(bai)其(qi)(qi)(qi)身不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)足以(yi)(yi)(yi)抵(di)(di)其(qi)(qi)(qi)殺(sha)一(yi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)罪(zui)。（《潛(qian)書(shu)(shu)·室語》）他(ta)(ta)指出(chu)，即使以(yi)(yi)(yi)極刑去(qu)(qu)處死(si)暴君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)昏主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)，亦(yi)難(nan)(nan)(nan)以(yi)(yi)(yi)抵(di)(di)其(qi)(qi)(qi)屠戮禍害(hai)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)下(xia)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)罪(zui)。唐(tang)(tang)甄又無(wu)(wu)情痛斥了(le)專(zhuan)制(zhi)(zhi)制(zhi)(zhi)度下(xia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)封建官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)吏的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)殘(can)暴罪(zui)行(xing)。他(ta)(ta)指出(chu)，遍布(bu)四(si)海(hai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)貪(tan)(tan)官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)污吏，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)僅不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)去(qu)(qu)推(tui)行(xing)賢(xian)明君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)善政(zheng)，而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)且日夜(ye)獵(lie)取天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)下(xia)民(min)(min)眾的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)財富(fu)。他(ta)(ta)們“明于(yu)(yu)家而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)昧(mei)于(yu)(yu)國(guo)”（《潛(qian)書(shu)(shu)·存言》），莫不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)謀私而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)貪(tan)(tan)利(li)。對(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)賢(xian)君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)善政(zheng)，他(ta)(ta)們“上(shang)以(yi)(yi)(yi)文責下(xia)，下(xia)以(yi)(yi)(yi)文蒙上(shang)”，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)去(qu)(qu)躬(gong)行(xing)實(shi)施，相互(hu)欺瞞推(tui)諉，對(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)民(min)(min)眾的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)疾苦(ku)，他(ta)(ta)們坐視(shi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)救，棄置不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)顧(gu)，“雖田(tian)園(yuan)荒蕪(wu)，廬舍(she)傾倒，而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)一(yi)顧(gu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)；雖父兄凍餓，子(zi)(zi)弟死(si)亡，而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)莫之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)恤也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”（《潛(qian)書(shu)(shu)·柅(ni)政(zheng)》）唐(tang)(tang)甄指出(chu)，橫征暴斂的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)貪(tan)(tan)官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)污吏，其(qi)(qi)(qi)害(hai)甚于(yu)(yu)窮(qiong)(qiong)兇極惡殺(sha)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)越(yue)貸的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)盜(dao)賊匪(fei)寇。他(ta)(ta)說(shuo)：穴墻(qiang)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)入者(zhe)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)發人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)密藏；群刃而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)進(jin)者(zhe)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)奪人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)田(tian)宅；御旅于(yu)(yu)途者(zhe)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)破人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)家室；寇至誅焚(fen)者(zhe)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)窮(qiong)(qiong)山(shan)谷而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)遍四(si)海(hai)。彼為(wei)(wei)吏者(zhe)，星列于(yu)(yu)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)下(xia)，日夜(ye)獵(lie)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)財……如填(tian)壑谷，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)滿也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。夫(fu)盜(dao)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)盡(jin)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)，寇不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)盡(jin)世，而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)民(min)(min)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)毒(du)于(yu)(yu)吏者(zhe)，無(wu)(wu)所逃于(yu)(yu)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)地(di)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)間。（《潛(qian)書(shu)(shu)·富(fu)民(min)(min)》）因(yin)此，“天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)寬(kuan)仁而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)恤民(min)(min)”，四(si)海(hai)民(min)(min)眾仍困窮(qiong)(qiong)，天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)下(xia)依(yi)舊難(nan)(nan)(nan)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)理，皆(jie)(jie)是(shi)“公卿之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)過也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”（《潛(qian)書(shu)(shu)·存言》）。他(ta)(ta)說(shuo)：“天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)下(xia)難(nan)(nan)(nan)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)皆(jie)(jie)以(yi)(yi)(yi)為(wei)(wei)民(min)(min)難(nan)(nan)(nan)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)知難(nan)(nan)(nan)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)，非(fei)(fei)民(min)(min)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。凡茲(zi)庶民(min)(min)，茍非(fei)(fei)亂人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)，亦(yi)唯求其(qi)(qi)(qi)所樂，避(bi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)所苦(ku)，曷嘗好(hao)犯上(shang)法以(yi)(yi)(yi)與上(shang)為(wei)(wei)難(nan)(nan)(nan)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)！論政(zheng)者(zhe)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)察所由，以(yi)(yi)(yi)為(wei)(wei)法令之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)利(li)于(yu)(yu)行(xing)者(zhe)，皆(jie)(jie)柅(ni)于(yu)(yu)民(min)(min)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)良，釋(shi)官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)罪(zui)民(min)(min)，此所以(yi)(yi)(yi)難(nan)(nan)(nan)以(yi)(yi)(yi)與言治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)與。”（《潛(qian)書(shu)(shu)·柅(ni)政(zheng)》）他(ta)(ta)進(jin)一(yi)步揭露(lu)說(shuo)：“天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)下(xia)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)皆(jie)(jie)棄民(min)(min)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)，天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)下(xia)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事皆(jie)(jie)棄民(min)(min)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事，是(shi)舉天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)下(xia)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)父兄子(zi)(zi)弟盡(jin)推(tui)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)于(yu)(yu)溝壑也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，欲治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)得乎！”（《潛(qian)書(shu)(shu)·考功》）因(yin)此，對(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)殘(can)害(hai)棄虐(nve)百(bai)姓的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)貪(tan)(tan)官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)污吏，必須盡(jin)行(xing)革除，嚴懲(cheng)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)殆，“以(yi)(yi)(yi)刑狐鼠之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)刑豺(chai)狼(lang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)，而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)重工(gong)業刑匿狐鼠、養豺(chai)狼(lang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)”（《潛(qian)書(shu)(shu)·權(quan)實(shi)》），“刑自貴始(shi)，自寵始(shi)，自近始(shi)”（《潛(qian)書(shu)(shu)·卿牧》）。唐(tang)(tang)甄在對(dui)(dui)封建君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)吏的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)殘(can)暴罪(zui)行(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)揭露(lu)批判中，深刻(ke)地(di)認識到，無(wu)(wu)道君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)專(zhuan)制(zhi)(zhi)統治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，貪(tan)(tan)官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)污吏的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)橫征暴斂，導(dao)致(zhi)了(le)國(guo)家社會(hui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)動亂和四(si)海(hai)民(min)(min)眾的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)窮(qiong)(qiong)困，然其(qi)(qi)(qi)最終根源(yuan)，則在于(yu)(yu)自秦(qin)以(yi)(yi)(yi)來(lai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)封建君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)專(zhuan)制(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)社會(hui)制(zhi)(zhi)度。因(yin)此，唐(tang)(tang)甄提出(chu)了(le)抑制(zhi)(zhi)君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)至尊(zun)權(quan)勢、倡導(dao)社會(hui)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)平等的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)政(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)啟蒙思想，闡述了(le)救治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)現實(shi)社會(hui)政(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)弊端的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)具(ju)體(ti)措施。唐(tang)(tang)甄徹底否定了(le)君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)權(quan)神授的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)傳統觀念，提出(chu)了(le)抑君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)尊(zun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)政(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)張。他(ta)(ta)提出(chu)，“天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)尊(zun)，非(fei)(fei)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)地(di)大神也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，皆(jie)(jie)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”（《潛(qian)書(shu)(shu)·抑尊(zun)》）。
“天子(zi)(zi)雖尊(zun)(zun)，亦人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)也(ye)”（《潛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)書(shu)(shu)·善游》）。封(feng)(feng)建君(jun)(jun)(jun)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)并不(bu)(bu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)什么(me)“天地(di)大神”，而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)只(zhi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)天下(xia)眾生(sheng)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)普通一人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)。但(dan)是(shi)(shi)(shi)，由(you)于(yu)封(feng)(feng)建君(jun)(jun)(jun)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)具有(you)至(zhi)高無(wu)上的(de)(de)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)地(di)位和(he)總攬一切的(de)(de)絕(jue)對(dui)權勢(shi)(shi)，因(yin)(yin)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)導致(zhi)了(le)(le)(le)“人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)君(jun)(jun)(jun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)尊(zun)(zun)，如(ru)在(zai)天上，與帝同體(ti)”的(de)(de)神圣(sheng)光環，出現(xian)了(le)(le)(le)“人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)君(jun)(jun)(jun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)賤視其(qi)臣(chen)民(min)(min)(min)，如(ru)犬馬蟲蟻不(bu)(bu)類于(yu)我也(ye)”（《潛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)書(shu)(shu)·抑(yi)(yi)尊(zun)(zun)》）的(de)(de)至(zhi)尊(zun)(zun)威勢(shi)(shi)。唐(tang)甄(zhen)(zhen)指出，君(jun)(jun)(jun)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)至(zhi)尊(zun)(zun)地(di)位和(he)絕(jue)對(dui)權勢(shi)(shi)，必(bi)將導致(zhi)君(jun)(jun)(jun)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)勢(shi)(shi)尊(zun)(zun)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)自蔽，賢(xian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)退而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)治(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)遠(yuan)。因(yin)(yin)此(ci)，只(zhi)有(you)抑(yi)(yi)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)君(jun)(jun)(jun)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)至(zhi)尊(zun)(zun)權勢(shi)(shi)，才(cai)(cai)能避免政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)腐敗黑暗(an)，民(min)(min)(min)眾不(bu)(bu)遂其(qi)生(sheng)的(de)(de)社會(hui)(hui)(hui)弊端(duan)(duan)。他認(ren)為(wei)(wei)(wei)，抑(yi)(yi)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)君(jun)(jun)(jun)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)至(zhi)尊(zun)(zun)權勢(shi)(shi)，首先要(yao)加強提出公(gong)卿民(min)(min)(min)眾政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)權力(li)，允許臣(chen)吏諫(jian)(jian)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)于(yu)朝，士(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)議(yi)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)于(yu)學(xue)，庶人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)謗(bang)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)于(yu)道(dao)。同時，還(huan)要(yao)在(zai)中(zhong)(zhong)央政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府設制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)冢宰、司(si)徒、宗伯、司(si)馬、司(si)寇、司(si)空的(de)(de)“六卿”職官(guan)，限制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)和(he)約束君(jun)(jun)(jun)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)至(zhi)尊(zun)(zun)權勢(shi)(shi)，使他們敢于(yu)“攻君(jun)(jun)(jun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)過”，“攻宮闈之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)過”，“攻帝族、攻后族、攻寵貴”之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)過。其(qi)次，唐(tang)甄(zhen)(zhen)指出，君(jun)(jun)(jun)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)必(bi)須自覺抑(yi)(yi)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)自己的(de)(de)尊(zun)(zun)威權勢(shi)(shi)，“位在(zai)天下(xia)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)上者，必(bi)處(chu)天下(xia)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)下(xia)”（《潛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)書(shu)(shu)·抑(yi)(yi)尊(zun)(zun)》）。在(zai)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)活動(dong)中(zhong)(zhong)，君(jun)(jun)(jun)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)則要(yao)平等(deng)地(di)對(dui)待臣(chen)吏百姓，“接賤士(shi)如(ru)見公(gong)卿，臨(lin)匹夫(fu)如(ru)對(dui)上帝”（《潛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)書(shu)(shu)·善施》），虛心(xin)地(di)接受(shou)臣(chen)民(min)(min)(min)議(yi)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)，“勿己之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)，惟道(dao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)歸”，“人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)無(wu)賢(xian)愚，皆我師也(ye)”（《潛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)書(shu)(shu)·六善》）。在(zai)日常生(sheng)活中(zhong)(zhong)，君(jun)(jun)(jun)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)則要(yao)“處(chu)身如(ru)農夫(fu)，殿陛(bi)如(ru)田(tian)舍，衣食如(ru)貧士(shi)”（《潛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)書(shu)(shu)·尚治(zhi)(zhi)》），“貴為(wei)(wei)(wei)天子(zi)(zi)，亦可以庶人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)夫(fu)婦處(chu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”（《潛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)書(shu)(shu)·去奴》），與民(min)(min)(min)同情，從民(min)(min)(min)所(suo)欲(yu)。唐(tang)甄(zhen)(zhen)嚴厲(li)地(di)指出，君(jun)(jun)(jun)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)如(ru)果(guo)不(bu)(bu)能抑(yi)(yi)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)自己尊(zun)(zun)威權勢(shi)(shi)，一味殘(can)暴不(bu)(bu)義，無(wu)道(dao)于(yu)民(min)(min)(min)，那么(me)，歷(li)(li)史(shi)的(de)(de)發展趨勢(shi)(shi)，必(bi)將徹底摧毀君(jun)(jun)(jun)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)權力(li)地(di)位、身家性命。到時，“雖九(jiu)(jiu)州為(wei)(wei)(wei)宅(zhai)，九(jiu)(jiu)川(chuan)為(wei)(wei)(wei)防，九(jiu)(jiu)山為(wei)(wei)(wei)阻，破(po)(po)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)如(ru)榷雀卵也(ye)；雖盡荊蠻之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)金以為(wei)(wei)(wei)兵，盡畿省之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)籍(ji)以為(wei)(wei)(wei)卒，推之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)如(ru)蹶弱童(tong)也(ye)。”（《潛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)書(shu)(shu)·遠(yuan)諫(jian)(jian)》）唐(tang)甄(zhen)(zhen)還(huan)批判了(le)(le)(le)封(feng)(feng)建綱(gang)常倫(lun)(lun)理(li)(li)，提出了(le)(le)(le)社會(hui)(hui)(hui)平等(deng)的(de)(de)初步民(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)思想(xiang)。他指出，“圣(sheng)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)定(ding)尊(zun)(zun)卑(bei)(bei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)分(fen)，將使順而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)率之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，非(fei)使亢而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)遠(yuan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”（《潛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)書(shu)(shu)·抑(yi)(yi)尊(zun)(zun)》）。但(dan)是(shi)(shi)(shi)，封(feng)(feng)建專(zhuan)(zhuan)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)君(jun)(jun)(jun)為(wei)(wei)(wei)臣(chen)綱(gang)、父為(wei)(wei)(wei)子(zi)(zi)綱(gang)、夫(fu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)妻(qi)綱(gang)、男尊(zun)(zun)女卑(bei)(bei)的(de)(de)倫(lun)(lun)理(li)(li)綱(gang)常，卻完全背離了(le)(le)(le)圣(sheng)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)設尊(zun)(zun)卑(bei)(bei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)分(fen)意在(zai)“順而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)率之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”的(de)(de)社會(hui)(hui)(hui)作(zuo)用(yong)；而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)忠(zhong)孝(xiao)仁(ren)義的(de)(de)“美德”“大倫(lun)(lun)”，卻由(you)于(yu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)們“不(bu)(bu)正其(qi)心(xin)，不(bu)(bu)得(de)其(qi)方”（《潛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)書(shu)(shu)·破(po)(po)祟》），而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)成為(wei)(wei)(wei)致(zhi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)于(yu)死地(di)的(de)(de)祟害(hai)。因(yin)(yin)此(ci)，唐(tang)甄(zhen)(zhen)對(dui)于(yu)封(feng)(feng)建綱(gang)常倫(lun)(lun)理(li)(li)道(dao)德，提出了(le)(le)(le)大膽的(de)(de)懷疑和(he)否(fou)定(ding)。他指出，“天地(di)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)故(gu)平，平則萬(wan)物各得(de)其(qi)所(suo)。及其(qi)不(bu)(bu)平也(ye)，此(ci)厚而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)彼薄，此(ci)樂而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)彼憂”，政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)地(di)位的(de)(de)不(bu)(bu)平等(deng)，經(jing)(jing)濟生(sheng)活的(de)(de)不(bu)(bu)平等(deng)，倫(lun)(lun)理(li)(li)關系的(de)(de)不(bu)(bu)平等(deng)，必(bi)將導致(zhi)天下(xia)的(de)(de)動(dong)亂，人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)間的(de)(de)殘(can)殺。人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)生(sheng)來本(ben)是(shi)(shi)(shi)平等(deng)相同的(de)(de)，圣(sheng)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)設尊(zun)(zun)卑(bei)(bei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)分(fen)意在(zai)“順而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)率之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”，但(dan)專(zhuan)(zhuan)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)社會(hui)(hui)(hui)卻造成了(le)(le)(le)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)僮“亢而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)遠(yuan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”極不(bu)(bu)平等(deng)的(de)(de)社會(hui)(hui)(hui)關系。故(gu)唐(tang)甄(zhen)(zhen)強調(diao)，人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)們之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)間，無(wu)論是(shi)(shi)(shi)在(zai)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)、經(jing)(jing)濟、倫(lun)(lun)理(li)(li)關系上，都應(ying)當(dang)破(po)(po)除封(feng)(feng)建綱(gang)常倫(lun)(lun)理(li)(li)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)祟，實(shi)現(xian)君(jun)(jun)(jun)民(min)(min)(min)、夫(fu)妻(qi)、男女之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)間的(de)(de)社會(hui)(hui)(hui)關系的(de)(de)平等(deng)相同。這樣(yang)，才(cai)(cai)能避免專(zhuan)(zhuan)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)社會(hui)(hui)(hui)的(de)(de)弊端(duan)(duan)危害(hai)，促進社會(hui)(hui)(hui)的(de)(de)進步發展。唐(tang)甄(zhen)(zhen)抨擊封(feng)(feng)建專(zhuan)(zhuan)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、倡導社會(hui)(hui)(hui)平等(deng)的(de)(de)啟(qi)蒙思想(xiang)，反映了(le)(le)(le)當(dang)時社會(hui)(hui)(hui)的(de)(de)發展趨勢(shi)(shi)，具有(you)進步的(de)(de)歷(li)(li)史(shi)作(zuo)用(yong)。
唐甄的社會啟蒙思想，還表現在他提出了“治道貴致其實”、“清朝社會生活線描圖立國(guo)惟在富民(min)(min)”的(de)政治主張。唐甄在自身的(de)社(she)會實(shi)(shi)踐活動(dong)中，深刻地認(ren)識到(dao)，國(guo)家社(she)會的(de)動(dong)亂黑暗，民(min)(min)眾(zhong)(zhong)生(sheng)活的(de)艱難(nan)困(kun)窮，就在于統治者沒有采取(qu)實(shi)(shi)行(xing)、實(shi)(shi)事、實(shi)(shi)治，以致富于民(min)(min)的(de)政治措施(shi)。民(min)(min)眾(zhong)(zhong)生(sheng)活的(de)困(kun)窮原(yuan)因，還在于“為政者不(bu)以富民(min)(min)為功(gong)”（《潛書(shu)·考功(gong)》）。
唐甄《養(yang)重》（《潛書》上篇(pian)下）
茍非(fei)(fei)仕(shi)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)得(de)(de)祿，及公(gong)卿敬禮而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)周之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)下耕賈而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)得(de)(de)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，則(ze)(ze)財無(wu)可(ke)(ke)求(qiu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)(dao)。求(qiu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，必(bi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)小人(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)矣。我之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)(yi)賈為(wei)(wei)(wei)生者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，人(ren)(ren)以(yi)(yi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)辱其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)身，而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)知(zhi)(zhi)所以(yi)(yi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)辱其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)身也(ye)(ye)。雖然(ran)，身為(wei)(wei)(wei)賈者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)得(de)(de)已(yi)也(ye)(ye)。溺而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)附木，孰如(ru)無(wu)溺。昔(xi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)荊(jing)州大水，饑(ji)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)萬人(ren)(ren)，張居(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)正(zheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)政(zheng)，皆(jie)食而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)活(huo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。是(shi)(shi)時荊(jing)州之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)士二(er)百余人(ren)(ren)，賴食以(yi)(yi)活(huo)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)五十(shi)人(ren)(ren)，其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)食之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，皆(jie)有(you)田而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)有(you)蓄者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)(ye)。其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)食之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，皆(jie)無(wu)田而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)無(wu)蓄者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)(ye)。于是(shi)(shi)得(de)(de)食者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)皆(jie)德之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)處于居(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)正(zheng)門(men)下，大則(ze)(ze)貴(gui)，小則(ze)(ze)富(fu)。及居(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)正(zheng)沒，皆(jie)禁不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)得(de)(de)進(jin)用焉。昔(xi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)蜀有(you)二(er)士曰駱純(chun)曰殷正(zheng)，以(yi)(yi)文(wen)學(xue)稱(cheng)。楊榮為(wei)(wei)(wei)相，使(shi)使(shi)奉書幣(bi)二(er)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)屬之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)于布(bu)政(zheng)使(shi)曰：駱殷二(er)子(zi)，蜀之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)雋士也(ye)(ye)，吾懷其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)人(ren)(ren)久矣，君其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)我致之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)來。于是(shi)(shi)駱子(zi)貧(pin)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)無(wu)妻，教生徒于鄉里，殷子(zi)富(fu)有(you)田園(yuan)蓄牧山(shan)林之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)饒。駱子(zi)受書幣(bi)，越三日而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)啟行(xing)。殷子(zi)辭以(yi)(yi)疾，固(gu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)肯行(xing)。其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)友勸(quan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)，殷子(zi)曰：吾非(fei)(fei)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)知(zhi)(zhi)楊公(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)賢，可(ke)(ke)與(yu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)交，且(qie)力能進(jin)用我也(ye)(ye)。然(ran)富(fu)貴(gui)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)家(jia)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)(ke)客也(ye)(ye)，危(wei)疑之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)朝不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)(ke)居(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)也(ye)(ye)，車馬之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)上(shang)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)如(ru)我山(shan)居(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)安(an)，公(gong)卿之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)祿不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)如(ru)我歲入之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)多(duo)，舍(she)己之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)安(an)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)任人(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)危(wei)，舍(she)己之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)多(duo)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)受人(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)少(shao)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)待智者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)知(zhi)(zhi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)(ke)矣。遂終身隱而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)出(chu)焉。夫荊(jing)士駱子(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能守其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)節者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，食不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)足(zu)也(ye)(ye)。殷子(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能守其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)節者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，食足(zu)也(ye)(ye)。節之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)立(li)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)立(li)，由于食之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)足(zu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)足(zu)。食之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)于人(ren)(ren)，豈不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)重乎(hu)？其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)在古昔(xi)，諸(zhu)侯能恭儉(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，保國之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)君也(ye)(ye)。大夫能恭儉(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，保家(jia)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)主也(ye)(ye)。今之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)士者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，何獨(du)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)然(ran)？若數(shu)口之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)家(jia)，有(you)五十(shi)畝之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)田，儉(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)守之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)無(wu)饑(ji)矣。有(you)百畝之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)田，儉(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)守之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)自足(zu)矣。有(you)二(er)百畝之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)田，儉(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)有(you)蓄焉，可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)周親戚(qi)鄰里矣。顧有(you)此田實難，無(wu)則(ze)(ze)固(gu)窮，有(you)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，則(ze)(ze)儉(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)守勿失，以(yi)(yi)遺子(zi)孫(sun)。是(shi)(shi)立(li)身垂后之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)要道(dao)(dao)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)(ke)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)察也(ye)(ye)。
批判專制制度
唐(tang)(tang)甄(zhen)(zhen)對(dui)君主(zhu)(zhu)專制(zhi)制(zhi)度進(jin)行大(da)膽的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)揭露和批(pi)判。他認(ren)為(wei)皇(huang)(huang)帝(di)也(ye)(ye)是人，沒有(you)(you)什(shen)么神秘，并指出(chu)皇(huang)(huang)帝(di)是一切罪惡的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)根源，他認(ren)為(wei)“自秦以來(lai)，凡帝(di)王者皆(jie)賊(zei)也(ye)(ye)”，“殺一人而取其(qi)匹布斗粟(su)，尤謂之(zhi)賊(zei)，殺天(tian)下(xia)之(zhi)人，而盡有(you)(you)其(qi)不(bu)(bu)布粟(su)之(zhi)富，而反不(bu)(bu)謂之(zhi)賊(zei)乎(hu)？”，他們(men)為(wei)了(le)奪取皇(huang)(huang)位常常無故殺人，殘害百姓。唐(tang)(tang)甄(zhen)(zhen)憤然(ran)(ran)地說：“川流潰決，必問為(wei)防(fang)之(zhi)人,比戶延(yan)燒,必罪失(shi)火之(zhi)主(zhu)(zhu),至于(yu)國破(po)家(jia)亡,流毒(du)無窮(qiong)……,非(fei)君其(qi)誰乎(hu)”(《潛書·遠諫》)。 唐(tang)(tang)甄(zhen)(zhen)提出(chu)了(le)“抑尊”，即限制(zhi)君權的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)(zhu)張(zhang)，要求提高大(da)臣的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地位,使他們(men)具(ju)有(you)(you)同皇(huang)(huang)帝(di)及其(qi)他權貴作斗爭的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)權力(li)，以“攻君之(zhi)過(guo)(guo)(guo)”,“攻宮闈之(zhi)過(guo)(guo)(guo)”,“攻帝(di)族(zu)、攻后族(zu)、攻寵貴”之(zhi)過(guo)(guo)(guo)，使皇(huang)(huang)帝(di)有(you)(you)所顧忌。唐(tang)(tang)甄(zhen)(zhen)還(huan)發展(zhan)了(le)產生(sheng)于(yu)先(xian)秦的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)民(min)(min)(min)本思(si)想(xiang)，強調(diao)民(min)(min)(min)是國家(jia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)根本，離開了(le)民(min)(min)(min)，便(bian)沒有(you)(you)國家(jia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)政(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)。他指出(chu)，國防(fang)靠(kao)(kao)民(min)(min)(min)來(lai)鞏固，府(fu)庫靠(kao)(kao)民(min)(min)(min)來(lai)充實(shi)，朝(chao)廷靠(kao)(kao)民(min)(min)(min)來(lai)尊崇，官(guan)員靠(kao)(kao)民(min)(min)(min)來(lai)養活(huo)(huo)。君主(zhu)(zhu)只有(you)(you)愛(ai)護人民(min)(min)(min)才能(neng)達到長治(zhi)久安的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)目的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。如果無道(dao)于(yu)民(min)(min)(min)，縱(zong)然(ran)(ran)“九州為(wei)宅，九州為(wei)防(fang)，九山(shan)為(wei)阻(zu)，破(po)之(zhi)如椎雀卵也(ye)(ye)”(同前)。唐(tang)(tang)甄(zhen)(zhen)對(dui)“官(guan)”也(ye)(ye)進(jin)行了(le)猛烈抨擊，他認(ren)為(wei)天(tian)下(xia)難治(zhi)，人們(men)以為(wei)是民(min)(min)(min)難治(zhi)，實(shi)則(ze)(ze)不(bu)(bu)然(ran)(ran)，“難治(zhi)者，非(fei)民(min)(min)(min)也(ye)(ye)，官(guan)也(ye)(ye)。”他認(ren)為(wei)大(da)多數官(guan)吏“為(wei)盜臣，為(wei)民(min)(min)(min)賊(zei)”他還(huan)提出(chu)了(le)愛(ai)民(min)(min)(min)、保民(min)(min)(min)、富民(min)(min)(min)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)具(ju)體政(zheng)(zheng)策，主(zhu)(zhu)張(zhang)打擊貪官(guan)污吏，強調(diao)“刑先(xian)于(yu)貴”；呼吁政(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)幫助農民(min)(min)(min)種值農桑，發展(zhan)生(sheng)產，提高人民(min)(min)(min)生(sheng)活(huo)(huo)。針對(dui)當時貧富懸殊的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)社(she)會現象，唐(tang)(tang)甄(zhen)(zhen)提出(chu)貧富要相對(dui)平均的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)(zhu)張(zhang)。他指出(chu)“天(tian)地之(zhi)道(dao)故平,平則(ze)(ze)萬物(wu)各得其(qi)所”(《潛書·大(da)命(ming)》),否則(ze)(ze)，必然(ran)(ran)引起社(she)會動亂(luan)。唐(tang)(tang)甄(zhen)(zhen)還(huan)提倡為(wei)民(min)(min)(min)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)功利主(zhu)(zhu)義，反對(dui)理學家(jia)們(men)“儒者不(bu)(bu)計(ji)其(qi)功”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)說法。他認(ren)為(wei)儒學的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)可貴之(zhi)處就在于(yu)它能(neng)定(ding)亂(luan)、除暴、安百姓。如果儒者不(bu)(bu)言(yan)功，只顧自己(ji)，那(nei)就同一個匹夫(fu)匹婦沒有(you)(you)什(shen)么區別。唐(tang)(tang)甄(zhen)(zhen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)民(min)(min)(min)本思(si)想(xiang)對(dui)后世(shi)有(you)(you)較大(da)影響(xiang)。
思想的局限性
在(zai)(zai)唐(tang)甄(zhen)思(si)想深處，仍把國泰民安的希望(wang)寄托在(zai)(zai)賢明君(jun)(jun)(jun)主(zhu)(zhu)身上。他說：“天(tian)下之(zhi)主(zhu)(zhu)在(zai)(zai)君(jun)(jun)(jun)，君(jun)(jun)(jun)之(zhi)主(zhu)(zhu)在(zai)(zai)心。”唐(tang)甄(zhen)提出的為君(jun)(jun)(jun)之(zhi)道仍然沒有跳出儒家的思(si)想圈(quan)子。
歲月靜好
】編(bian)輯(ji)(ji)上傳(chuan)提(ti)(ti)供，詞(ci)條屬(shu)(shu)于開放詞(ci)條，當前頁面所展示(shi)的(de)詞(ci)條介紹涉及(ji)宣(xuan)傳(chuan)內容屬(shu)(shu)于注冊用戶個人(ren)編(bian)輯(ji)(ji)行為(wei)，與(yu)【唐甄】的(de)所屬(shu)(shu)企業/所有人(ren)/主體(ti)無關(guan)，網站不(bu)完(wan)全保證內容信息的(de)準(zhun)確性、真實(shi)(shi)性，也不(bu)代(dai)表(biao)本站立場，各項數據信息存在更新不(bu)及(ji)時(shi)的(de)情(qing)況，僅供參考，請以官方發布為(wei)準(zhun)。如果(guo)頁面內容與(yu)實(shi)(shi)際情(qing)況不(bu)符，可點擊“反饋”在線向網站提(ti)(ti)出修改，網站將核實(shi)(shi)后(hou)進(jin)行更正。
反(fan)饋
