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基本介紹

網湖濕地(di)自然保護區主要保護網湖濕地(di)生態系統；珍(zhen)稀瀕危野生動植物(wu)資源及其棲息(xi)地(di)，特(te)別是(shi)東方白鸛、黑鸛、白鶴3種國(guo)家一級保護鳥類小(xiao)天鵝、白額雁、白頭鷂、灰鶴等29種國(guo)家二級保護鳥類及鴻雁的棲息(xi)地(di)；冬(dong)候(hou)鳥和夏候(hou)鳥的棲息(xi)繁殖地(di)以及中華絹絲(si)麗蚌(bang)天然養殖區。

景點景觀

水文

湖泊

網湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)濕地自(zi)然(ran)保護區(qu)內(nei)主要(yao)由網湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)和(he)(he)(he)朱婆湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)組(zu)成(cheng)，核心區(qu)四(si)周中(zhong)小型湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)泊星羅棋布，東有(you)(you)王港湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)、楊賽(sai)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)和(he)(he)(he)新(xin)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)，南邊(bian)從(cong)東到西依次有(you)(you)夾節湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)、大坡(po)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)、小坡(po)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)、神靈湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)、吳家曬湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)、下(xia)羊湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)、小賽(sai)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)、絨湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)、牛湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)、下(xia)西湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)、中(zhong)西湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)和(he)(he)(he)朱家義(yi)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)，西北有(you)(you)賽(sai)橋湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)、道士湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)和(he)(he)(he)下(xia)司湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)，緊靠良薦湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)，北有(you)(you)碧山湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)。在西邊(bian)的(de)緩(huan)沖區(qu)還(huan)有(you)(you)紅星塘(tang)(tang)和(he)(he)(he)東風塘(tang)(tang)，寶(bao)塔湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)、和(he)(he)(he)十里(li)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)內(nei)的(de)精養魚池眾多(duo)，區(qu)外還(huan)有(you)(you)石灰賽(sai)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)等湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)泊群(qun)。

水系

按天然(ran)分水，保護(hu)區隸屬富河(he)水系(xi)，直接承受周邊河(he)流來水。主要有四大河(he)流，即富河(he)、良薦河(he)、樟(zhang)橋河(he)和清(qing)江(jiang)河(he)。

富水：從(cong)保護區中央穿過流入長江，發源于通山(shan)、崇陽、修水縣交界(jie)處三界(jie)尖通山(shan)一側，匯于富水水庫，從(cong)富水起至(zhi)富池口入長江，全長196公里，總(zong)落差(cha)613m，河寬從(cong)堤(di)岸到堤(di)岸，最(zui)寬處約1000m，最(zui)窄處為300m左右(you)。

長(chang)樂源(yuan)河(he)：進保(bao)護(hu)區為良薦河(he)，總長(chang)38.2公里，流(liu)(liu)域面積293.3平(ping)方公里，在保(bao)護(hu)區內長(chang)15km，發(fa)源(yuan)于錫瓶山(shan)、父子山(shan)南麓(lu)，流(liu)(liu)經三(san)宮(gong)殿(dian)、石家大(da)(da)橋(qiao)、潘(pan)家大(da)(da)橋(qiao)處，于柏樹下(xia)、喉嚨嘴(zui)之(zhi)間入(ru)良薦湖(hu)，復往(wang)東入(ru)賽橋(qiao)湖(hu)，會(hui)盛家嘴(zui)與碧山(shan)湖(hu)來水(shui)后(hou)，出賽橋(qiao)口入(ru)網湖(hu)，又(you)接(jie)納向錄張、大(da)(da)眾山(shan)、黃(huang)金山(shan)方向的(de)來水(shui)，往(wang)南匯(hui)入(ru)網湖(hu)，出富(fu)河(he)。

樟橋(qiao)(qiao)河：發源于瑞昌市大(da)德垴(nao)，入(ru)陽(yang)新境后，稱(cheng)干港，流經皮家山、樟橋(qiao)(qiao)、港下(xia)垅后，在黃橋(qiao)(qiao)畈(fan)北納(na)瑞昌市下(xia)灣來水(shui)，再經小坡塘、夾節(jie)湖入(ru)朱婆湖。

清江河(he)：又名冷水源河(he)，發源于瑞(rui)昌市境內，流經何月朗、外倉下(xia)(xia)等處(chu)，接納(na)楊柳井、大(da)沿沖(chong)方向來水，過湖田畈、石田驛后，過牛(niu)湖，入絨湖，至(zhi)龍(long)下(xia)(xia)水處(chu)入富(fu)河(he)。

網湖

網湖(hu)總面積(ji)7265hm2，網湖(hu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)系(xi)總承雨面積(ji)70000hm2。為(wei)(wei)保護區(qu)的(de)核心(xin)區(qu)之一。每年夏(xia)季，網湖(hu)受長江漲水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)，富河(he)(he)洪(hong)(hong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)的(de)頂托或(huo)倒灌(guan)和降(jiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)內漬(zi)，由于降(jiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)內漬(zi)和江洪(hong)(hong)倒灌(guan)，網湖(hu)地(di)區(qu)的(de)溝(gou)渠(qu)河(he)(he)道(dao)便和湖(hu)區(qu)連成(cheng)一片汪洋，面積(ji)可達6801.47hm2（水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)深6-7m），據陽新縣水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)文站(zhan)測定，網湖(hu)最(zui)高水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)位(wei)為(wei)(wei)22.5m，最(zui)低水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)位(wei)為(wei)(wei)13.2m，平(ping)均水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)位(wei)15.5m，平(ping)均水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)深3.51m。而在秋(qiu)、冬及早(zao)春枯水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)季節，隨著湖(hu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)排河(he)(he)，部(bu)分地(di)方露出地(di)表，水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)面約3800hm2（水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)深0.5-3m）的(de)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)面（占平(ping)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)期湖(hu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)面積(ji)的(de)74%），其余(yu)部(bu)分則形成(cheng)了(le)大片的(de)泥濘(ning)沼澤草甸(dian)，構(gou)成(cheng)了(le)淺湖(hu)-沼澤-草甸(dian)、丘陵相(xiang)連續(xu)的(de)濕(shi)地(di)生態系(xi)統。網湖(hu)承雨面積(ji)35000hm2，湖(hu)泊(bo)容量為(wei)(wei)27300萬(wan)(wan)立(li)(li)方米(mi)，占陽新縣主要(yao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)系(xi)地(di)表水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)資(zi)源總量（230000萬(wan)(wan)立(li)(li)方米(mi)）的(de)10%，不含年過(guo)境(jing)客水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量160000萬(wan)(wan)立(li)(li)方米(mi)。

富河(he)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)系湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)泊(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)眾多，在(zai)分(fen)洪(hong)道兩岸現(xian)有網(wang)(wang)(wang)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)、朱婆湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)未被圍墾(ken)成農(nong)田，仍為(wei)常年積(ji)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)泊(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)群。建(jian)(jian)國初期(qi)，當(dang)網(wang)(wang)(wang)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)21.5m時(shi)(shi)(shi)，湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)泊(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)連接五里(li)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)、十里(li)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)、牧(mu)羊湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)、百煞(sha)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)等百十來個(ge)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)泊(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)，總面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)為(wei)400多km2，相(xiang)應容積(ji)5億(yi)立(li)方米，湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)底(di)高(gao)程7.3m；朱婆湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)20m時(shi)(shi)(shi)，湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)泊(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)為(wei)18km2，湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)底(di)高(gao)程12.3m；賽橋湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)21m時(shi)(shi)(shi)，湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)泊(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)為(wei)3.3km2。到80年代，保(bao)持與(yu)建(jian)(jian)國初期(qi)相(xiang)差無(wu)幾。2001年調查統計(ji)，網(wang)(wang)(wang)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)在(zai)枯(ku)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)期(qi)，水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)15m時(shi)(shi)(shi)，水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)深0.7m，湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)泊(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)4.3km2；在(zai)豐水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)期(qi)，水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)24m時(shi)(shi)(shi)，水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)深7m，湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)泊(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)20km2；在(zai)平水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)期(qi)，水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)22m時(shi)(shi)(shi)，水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)深3m，湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)泊(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)12.15km2。石灰(hui)寨湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)在(zai)枯(ku)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)期(qi)，水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)15m時(shi)(shi)(shi)，水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)深1m，湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)泊(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)4.3km2；在(zai)豐水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)期(qi)，水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)24m時(shi)(shi)(shi)，水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)深5m，湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)泊(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)15.3km2；在(zai)平水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)期(qi)，水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)23m時(shi)(shi)(shi)，水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)深2m，湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)泊(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)3.3km2。絨湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)在(zai)枯(ku)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)期(qi)，水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)20m時(shi)(shi)(shi)，水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)深1m，湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)泊(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)1.7km2；在(zai)豐水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)期(qi)，水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)24m時(shi)(shi)(shi)，水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)深5m，湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)泊(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)3km2；在(zai)平水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)期(qi)，水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)22m時(shi)(shi)(shi)，水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)深3m，湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)泊(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)1km2。

水質

從總體看來，湖(hu)泊水(shui)體理化(hua)性質(zhi)基本與天然狀(zhuang)態(tai)下一致(zhi)，湖(hu)泊水(shui)質(zhi)良好(hao)，水(shui)體透明(ming)度1.3m，pH值在6.3--6.8之(zhi)間(jian)(jian)，電導(dao)率波動在220-309微西門子/cm之(zhi)間(jian)(jian)，溶氧量(liang)變動在7.2--12.3mg/1之(zhi)間(jian)(jian)，平均(jun)為9.27mg/l，化(hua)學耗氧量(liang)為7.50mg/l，礦(kuang)化(hua)度在146--240.67mg/l之(zhi)間(jian)(jian)，平均(jun)為189.52 mg/l。

地質地貌

湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)北網湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)濕地(di)省級(ji)自然保(bao)護區(qu)，地(di)處幕阜山脈向(xiang)長江(jiang)中下游(you)平原的(de)過渡地(di)帶，系(xi)富河與長江(jiang)交匯(hui)處的(de)匯(hui)水(shui)區(qu)，主(zhu)要由網湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)、朱婆湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)、寶塔湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)、絨(rong)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)、賽橋(qiao)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)、良(liang)薦湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)、石灰賽湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)、下羊湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)等(deng)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)泊組成(cheng)。地(di)貌上屬(shu)于泥砂沉積形(xing)成(cheng)的(de)永(yong)久性內陸淡水(shui)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)泊，組成(cheng)物質為(wei)河湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)沉積物，系(xi)因(yin)地(di)質運(yun)動、泥砂沉積，經圍(wei)堤(di)改造(zao)而形(xing)成(cheng)。湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)泊湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)底海拔(ba)為(wei)7.3m。解放以前，每逢泛水(shui)季(ji)節，湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)面周逾百余里，秋(qiu)冬之際(ji)，水(shui)位下落，各湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)始分，統稱為(wei)泛區(qu)水(shui)系(xi)。建國后(hou)，由于泛水(shui)區(qu)修筑堤(di)壩、圍(wei)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)造(zao)田等(deng)活動，各湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)便(bian)形(xing)成(cheng)封閉型(xing)水(shui)體，水(shui)陸面積相(xiang)對穩定(ding)。網湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)、朱婆湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)和(he)絨(rong)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)三(san)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)緊緊相(xiang)連(lian)，僅(jin)一河堤(di)之隔，湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)水(shui)經富河匯(hui)合流入長江(jiang)。

網湖南面為石(shi)灰(hui)(hui)質(zhi)構(gou)造的低山，沿湖岸分布，最(zui)高海拔(ba)(ba)為439.5m。地質(zhi)地層由奧陶系寒武(wu)紀形(xing)成，屬寶塔組，為淺灰(hui)(hui)色(se)，中厚(hou)層龜裂紋灰(hui)(hui)巖(yan)(yan)與泥質(zhi)灰(hui)(hui)巖(yan)(yan)，或與生物碎屑(xie)灰(hui)(hui)巖(yan)(yan)互層。網湖北面為砂頁巖(yan)(yan)、礫巖(yan)(yan)、第(di)四紀紅土，由山地侵蝕堆積形(xing)成的丘陵崗(gang)地，按長條形(xing)土崗(gang)和寬窄不等的溝坳相間排(pai)列，呈樹枝狀向湖心傾斜延伸(shen)，形(xing)成岬灣形(xing)湖岸，最(zui)高海拔(ba)(ba)為355m。

整個保護(hu)區(qu)形成南北高，東(dong)西低(di)的峽(xia)狀湖區(qu)。保護(hu)區(qu)地層從寒(han)武系(xi)中(zhong)一上統至第四系(xi)均有(you)出(chu)露，其中(zhong)以(yi)(yi)古生界較發育。中(zhong)生界以(yi)(yi)下三選統大(da)冶群為主(zhu)，常與古生界地層相伴出(chu)露，組成向(xiang)斜構(gou)造軸(zhou)部。

寒武(wu)(wu)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)為最(zui)老地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)。只有(you)中(zhong)一(yi)上統出露(lu)(lu)，由一(yi)套海(hai)相含(han)鎂(mei)碳酸巖(yan)鹽組(zu)(zu)(zu)成(cheng)(cheng)。分(fen)(fen)(fen)布(bu)(bu)(bu)富(fu)水-鳳凰咀一(yi)帶。按巖(yan)性可劃分(fen)(fen)(fen)為三(san)個巖(yan)性段。寒武(wu)(wu)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)有(you)可供煉(lian)金屬(shu)鎂(mei)及(ji)作(zuo)熔(rong)劑用(yong)的(de)白云巖(yan)礦(kuang)(kuang)床(chuang)（點(dian)）及(ji)蝕變(bian)型(xing)(xing)(xing)金礦(kuang)(kuang)點(dian)。區(qu)(qu)內奧陶系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)發育比較(jiao)完(wan)整，出露(lu)(lu)面積(ji)(ji)(ji)小，但露(lu)(lu)頭良好，層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)序(xu)清楚，并與(yu)寒武(wu)(wu)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)相伴出露(lu)(lu)．組(zu)(zu)(zu)成(cheng)(cheng)背斜翼(yi)部地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)。奧陶系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)有(you)蝕變(bian)型(xing)(xing)(xing)金、銅等(deng)礦(kuang)(kuang)（化(hua)）點(dian)和(he)石(shi)灰巖(yan)礦(kuang)(kuang)產(chan)分(fen)(fen)(fen)布(bu)(bu)(bu)。志(zhi)留系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)是區(qu)(qu)內分(fen)(fen)(fen)布(bu)(bu)(bu)較(jiao)廣(guang)(guang)(guang)的(de)一(yi)個地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)單位，出露(lu)(lu)于富(fu)水等(deng)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)，多呈東西走向，組(zu)(zu)(zu)成(cheng)(cheng)背斜的(de)軸部及(ji)翼(yi)部．在(zai)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)貌上多形成(cheng)(cheng)低山(shan)、丘陵或(huo)垅崗地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)形。志(zhi)留系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)中(zhong)統底部有(you)磷礦(kuang)(kuang)點(dian)分(fen)(fen)(fen)布(bu)(bu)(bu)，泥盒系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)常與(yu)志(zhi)留系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)相伴出露(lu)(lu)，多呈條帶狀延伸(shen)，為一(yi)套河(he)流相碎屑(xie)沉積(ji)(ji)(ji)，主要由灰白色中(zhong)～厚層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)狀石(shi)英砂巖(yan)，石(shi)英巖(yan)狀砂巖(yan)及(ji)不穩定(ding)的(de)石(shi)英礫巖(yan)組(zu)(zu)(zu)成(cheng)(cheng)。石(shi)炭系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)一(yi)般露(lu)(lu)頭較(jiao)好，化(hua)石(shi)豐富(fu)。二迭系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)在(zai)區(qu)(qu)內二迭系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)分(fen)(fen)(fen)布(bu)(bu)(bu)較(jiao)廣(guang)(guang)(guang)，出露(lu)(lu)良好，含(han)有(you)煤及(ji)硫鐵礦(kuang)(kuang)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)。三(san)迭系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)在(zai)區(qu)(qu)內分(fen)(fen)(fen)布(bu)(bu)(bu)較(jiao)廣(guang)(guang)(guang)，表現(xian)為一(yi)套淺海(hai)相碳酸鹽巖(yan)沉積(ji)(ji)(ji)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)，有(you)白云巖(yan)、石(shi)灰巖(yan)礦(kuang)(kuang)產(chan)分(fen)(fen)(fen)布(bu)(bu)(bu)．侏羅系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)和(he)第三(san)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)-白堊系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)分(fen)(fen)(fen)布(bu)(bu)(bu)較(jiao)小，露(lu)(lu)頭孤零。第四系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)在(zai)保護(hu)區(qu)(qu)內分(fen)(fen)(fen)布(bu)(bu)(bu)較(jiao)廣(guang)(guang)(guang)，為一(yi)套坡(po)積(ji)(ji)(ji)、沖(chong)積(ji)(ji)(ji)和(he)沖(chong)洪積(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)松散堆積(ji)(ji)(ji)物。按其成(cheng)(cheng)因(yin)類型(xing)(xing)(xing)包括殘(can)坡(po)積(ji)(ji)(ji)、沖(chong)積(ji)(ji)(ji)、洪積(ji)(ji)(ji)、湖積(ji)(ji)(ji)沖(chong)積(ji)(ji)(ji)類型(xing)(xing)(xing)。

地理環境

湖北(bei)網湖濕地(di)省(sheng)(sheng)級自然保護區(qu)處于長江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)中(zhong)下游(you)南(nan)岸(an)，長江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)與(yu)富(fu)水(shui)交匯的三角地(di)帶。位(wei)于湖北(bei)省(sheng)(sheng)黃石市(shi)陽新縣(xian)(xian)(xian)境內，地(di)處東徑115°14′00″至(zhi)115°25′42″、北(bei)緯29°45′11″至(zhi)29°56′38″之間，東連富(fu)池鎮而臨長江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)，與(yu)武穴(xue)市(shi)隔江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)相望(wang)；南(nan)接(jie)(jie)楓林鎮和木港鎮，與(yu)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)西省(sheng)(sheng)九江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)市(shi)瑞昌(chang)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)接(jie)(jie)壤；西鄰興國鎮，緊挨縣(xian)(xian)(xian)城城區(qu)；北(bei)與(yu)綜合(he)管(guan)理區(qu)、陶(tao)港鎮和半(ban)壁(bi)山管(guan)理區(qu)接(jie)(jie)壤。總面積20495hm2。

歷史沿革

1999年，網湖濕地(di)被列入了《中國(guo)濕地(di)保護行動計劃》，為(wei)華中重(zhong)要(yao)濕地(di)。

2001年(nian)6月(yue)25日，陽新縣(xian)人(ren)民政府(fu)批準建(jian)立縣(xian)級網湖(hu)濕地自然保護區(qu)。

2004年(nian)3月13日，黃(huang)石(shi)市人民政(zheng)府辦公(gong)廳批準升級(ji)為市級(ji)自(zi)然保(bao)護(hu)區(qu)。

2004年8月(yue)8日，黃(huang)石(shi)市人(ren)民(min)政府批準成立了黃(huang)石(shi)市網湖(hu)濕地自(zi)然(ran)保護區管理局。

2006年8月21日(ri)，湖(hu)北省人民政府批準網湖(hu)濕(shi)地升級(ji)為(wei)省級(ji)自然保護區。

榮譽及其他

地位價值

網(wang)湖(hu)(hu)濕地(di)地(di)處華中湖(hu)(hu)泊(bo)濕地(di)群(qun)，是典型的(de)(de)(de)具(ju)有湖(hu)(hu)泊(bo)、沼澤(ze)和森林(lin)的(de)(de)(de)復合生(sheng)態系(xi)統，又是熱(re)帶(dai)(dai)(dai)向寒(han)帶(dai)(dai)(dai)過渡的(de)(de)(de)地(di)帶(dai)(dai)(dai)，是東西、南北物種的(de)(de)(de)集匯區。網(wang)湖(hu)(hu)濕地(di)是亞熱(re)帶(dai)(dai)(dai)和溫帶(dai)(dai)(dai)地(di)區植物區系(xi)重要的(de)(de)(de)交匯地(di)區，植物分布(bu)(bu)上具(ju)有垂直(zhi)分布(bu)(bu)和水平分布(bu)(bu)的(de)(de)(de)各類(lei)植物。

網湖濕地分布有(you)豐富的極危、瀕(bin)危、易(yi)危物(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)和國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家Ⅰ、II級保(bao)護動物(wu)。其中，國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家二級保(bao)護獸(shou)類(lei)(lei)有(you)穿山甲、水(shui)獺2種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，列(lie)(lie)入(ru)《瀕(bin)危野生(sheng)動植物(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)際(ji)貿易(yi)公(gong)約》附(fu)錄(lu)(lu)I的有(you)1種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、附(fu)錄(lu)(lu)III有(you)1種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)；有(you)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家I級保(bao)護鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)類(lei)(lei)有(you)東方(fang)(fang)白鸛(guan)、黑鸛(guan)、白鶴3種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家II級保(bao)護鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)類(lei)(lei)有(you)小(xiao)天(tian)鵝(e)、白琵鷺、白頭鷂(yao)、鴛鴦等(deng)(deng)27種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。省級保(bao)護鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)類(lei)(lei)有(you)豆雁(yan)、小(xiao)白額雁(yan)、綠頭鴨(ya)等(deng)(deng)45種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。列(lie)(lie)入(ru)《瀕(bin)危野生(sheng)動植物(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)際(ji)貿易(yi)公(gong)約》附(fu)錄(lu)(lu)I的有(you)2種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、附(fu)錄(lu)(lu)II的有(you)18種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、附(fu)錄(lu)(lu)III的鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)類(lei)(lei)有(you)7種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，列(lie)(lie)入(ru)《中國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)瀕(bin)危動物(wu)紅皮書》瀕(bin)危種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)2種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、稀(xi)有(you)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)1種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、易(yi)危種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)5種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、不定物(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)1種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。東方(fang)(fang)白鸛(guan)、黑鸛(guan)、豆雁(yan)、小(xiao)天(tian)鵝(e)、白琵鷺、白額雁(yan)、鴻雁(yan)等(deng)(deng)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)群(qun)數量達到或超過了全球飛遷線路上(shang)水(shui)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)數量1%的標準，具有(you)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)際(ji)重要(yao)意義。