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基本介紹

網湖(hu)濕(shi)地(di)自(zi)然(ran)保(bao)護(hu)區(qu)主要保(bao)護(hu)網湖(hu)濕(shi)地(di)生態系統；珍(zhen)稀(xi)瀕危野(ye)生動植物資源及(ji)其棲(qi)息地(di)，特(te)別(bie)是東方(fang)白鸛(guan)、黑鸛(guan)、白鶴3種國家一級(ji)保(bao)護(hu)鳥類(lei)小天鵝(e)、白額雁、白頭鷂(yao)、灰鶴等29種國家二級(ji)保(bao)護(hu)鳥類(lei)及(ji)鴻雁的(de)棲(qi)息地(di)；冬候(hou)鳥和夏候(hou)鳥的(de)棲(qi)息繁殖地(di)以及(ji)中華絹絲(si)麗蚌天然(ran)養殖區(qu)。

景點景觀

水文

湖泊

網湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)濕地自然保護區內主(zhu)要由網湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)和(he)朱婆湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)組成，核心區四(si)周中(zhong)小型(xing)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)泊(bo)星羅棋布，東有(you)王港湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)、楊(yang)賽(sai)(sai)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)和(he)新湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)，南邊從東到西(xi)依(yi)次有(you)夾節湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)、大坡(po)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)、小坡(po)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)、神靈湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)、吳家(jia)曬湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)、下(xia)羊湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)、小賽(sai)(sai)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)、絨湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)、牛湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)、下(xia)西(xi)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)、中(zhong)西(xi)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)和(he)朱家(jia)義(yi)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)，西(xi)北有(you)賽(sai)(sai)橋湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)、道士湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)和(he)下(xia)司(si)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)，緊靠良薦湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)，北有(you)碧山湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)。在西(xi)邊的緩沖區還有(you)紅星塘和(he)東風(feng)塘，寶塔(ta)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)、和(he)十里湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)內的精(jing)養魚池眾多，區外(wai)還有(you)石灰賽(sai)(sai)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)等(deng)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)泊(bo)群。

水系

按天然分(fen)水(shui)(shui)，保護區隸屬富河(he)(he)(he)水(shui)(shui)系(xi)，直接承受周邊河(he)(he)(he)流(liu)來水(shui)(shui)。主要有四大河(he)(he)(he)流(liu)，即富河(he)(he)(he)、良(liang)薦河(he)(he)(he)、樟(zhang)橋河(he)(he)(he)和清江河(he)(he)(he)。

富(fu)水(shui)：從保(bao)護區中央穿過流(liu)入長江，發(fa)源于(yu)通山(shan)(shan)、崇陽、修水(shui)縣交界(jie)處三界(jie)尖通山(shan)(shan)一側，匯于(yu)富(fu)水(shui)水(shui)庫，從富(fu)水(shui)起至富(fu)池口入長江，全長196公里，總落差613m，河(he)寬從堤岸到堤岸，最(zui)寬處約(yue)1000m，最(zui)窄(zhai)處為(wei)300m左(zuo)右。

長(chang)樂(le)源河：進保護區為良薦河，總(zong)長(chang)38.2公里，流域面(mian)積293.3平方公里，在保護區內長(chang)15km，發源于錫瓶山(shan)(shan)、父(fu)子山(shan)(shan)南麓，流經三宮(gong)殿、石家大(da)橋(qiao)、潘家大(da)橋(qiao)處，于柏樹(shu)下、喉嚨嘴之間入(ru)良薦湖，復往(wang)東入(ru)賽橋(qiao)湖，會盛(sheng)家嘴與碧山(shan)(shan)湖來水后，出賽橋(qiao)口入(ru)網湖，又接(jie)納向(xiang)錄張、大(da)眾山(shan)(shan)、黃金山(shan)(shan)方向(xiang)的來水，往(wang)南匯入(ru)網湖，出富河。

樟橋(qiao)河：發源于(yu)瑞昌市大德(de)垴，入(ru)陽(yang)新(xin)境后，稱干港，流經(jing)皮家山、樟橋(qiao)、港下垅后，在(zai)黃橋(qiao)畈北(bei)納瑞昌市下灣(wan)來水(shui)，再經(jing)小(xiao)坡塘、夾節湖入(ru)朱婆(po)湖。

清江河：又名冷水(shui)源河，發源于瑞昌(chang)市境內(nei)，流經何月朗、外倉下(xia)等處(chu)，接納楊柳井、大(da)沿沖方向來水(shui)，過湖田畈(fan)、石田驛(yi)后，過牛湖，入絨湖，至龍下(xia)水(shui)處(chu)入富河。

網湖

網(wang)(wang)湖(hu)總面(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)7265hm2，網(wang)(wang)湖(hu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)系總承雨面(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)70000hm2。為保護區(qu)(qu)的(de)(de)核心區(qu)(qu)之(zhi)一(yi)。每年夏季，網(wang)(wang)湖(hu)受長江漲水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)，富河洪水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)的(de)(de)頂托或倒灌(guan)和(he)(he)降水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)內(nei)漬，由于(yu)降水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)內(nei)漬和(he)(he)江洪倒灌(guan)，網(wang)(wang)湖(hu)地區(qu)(qu)的(de)(de)溝渠河道(dao)便和(he)(he)湖(hu)區(qu)(qu)連(lian)成(cheng)(cheng)一(yi)片(pian)汪洋，面(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)可(ke)達6801.47hm2（水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)深(shen)6-7m），據陽(yang)新縣水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)文站測(ce)定，網(wang)(wang)湖(hu)最高水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)位為22.5m，最低水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)位為13.2m，平(ping)均水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)位15.5m，平(ping)均水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)深(shen)3.51m。而在秋、冬及早春枯水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)季節(jie)，隨著湖(hu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)排河，部(bu)分(fen)地方露(lu)出地表(biao)，水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)面(mian)約(yue)3800hm2（水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)深(shen)0.5-3m）的(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)面(mian)（占平(ping)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)期(qi)湖(hu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)面(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)74%），其余部(bu)分(fen)則(ze)形成(cheng)(cheng)了大(da)片(pian)的(de)(de)泥濘沼澤草(cao)甸(dian)，構成(cheng)(cheng)了淺湖(hu)-沼澤-草(cao)甸(dian)、丘陵相連(lian)續的(de)(de)濕地生態系統。網(wang)(wang)湖(hu)承雨面(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)35000hm2，湖(hu)泊(bo)容量(liang)為27300萬(wan)立(li)方米(mi)，占陽(yang)新縣主要(yao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)系地表(biao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)資源總量(liang)（230000萬(wan)立(li)方米(mi)）的(de)(de)10%，不含年過境客(ke)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)160000萬(wan)立(li)方米(mi)。

富河水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)系湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)泊(bo)(bo)眾(zhong)多(duo)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)分洪道兩(liang)岸現(xian)有網(wang)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)、朱(zhu)婆湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)未被圍墾成農田，仍為常(chang)年積(ji)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)泊(bo)(bo)群。建國初(chu)期(qi)(qi)，當網(wang)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)21.5m時(shi)(shi)(shi)，湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)泊(bo)(bo)連接五里湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)、十里湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)、牧羊湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)、百煞湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)等百十來個湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)泊(bo)(bo)，總面(mian)(mian)積(ji)為400多(duo)km2，相(xiang)應容積(ji)5億立方米，湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)底高程7.3m；朱(zhu)婆湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)20m時(shi)(shi)(shi)，湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)泊(bo)(bo)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)為18km2，湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)底高程12.3m；賽橋湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)21m時(shi)(shi)(shi)，湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)泊(bo)(bo)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)為3.3km2。到(dao)80年代(dai)，保(bao)持與建國初(chu)期(qi)(qi)相(xiang)差(cha)無幾。2001年調(diao)查統(tong)計(ji)，網(wang)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)枯(ku)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)期(qi)(qi)，水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)15m時(shi)(shi)(shi)，水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)深(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)0.7m，湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)泊(bo)(bo)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)4.3km2；在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)豐水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)期(qi)(qi)，水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)24m時(shi)(shi)(shi)，水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)深(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)7m，湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)泊(bo)(bo)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)20km2；在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)平(ping)(ping)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)期(qi)(qi)，水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)22m時(shi)(shi)(shi)，水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)深(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)3m，湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)泊(bo)(bo)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)12.15km2。石灰寨湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)枯(ku)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)期(qi)(qi)，水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)15m時(shi)(shi)(shi)，水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)深(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)1m，湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)泊(bo)(bo)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)4.3km2；在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)豐水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)期(qi)(qi)，水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)24m時(shi)(shi)(shi)，水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)深(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)5m，湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)泊(bo)(bo)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)15.3km2；在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)平(ping)(ping)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)期(qi)(qi)，水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)23m時(shi)(shi)(shi)，水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)深(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)2m，湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)泊(bo)(bo)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)3.3km2。絨湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)枯(ku)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)期(qi)(qi)，水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)20m時(shi)(shi)(shi)，水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)深(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)1m，湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)泊(bo)(bo)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)1.7km2；在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)豐水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)期(qi)(qi)，水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)24m時(shi)(shi)(shi)，水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)深(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)5m，湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)泊(bo)(bo)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)3km2；在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)平(ping)(ping)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)期(qi)(qi)，水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)22m時(shi)(shi)(shi)，水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)深(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)3m，湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)泊(bo)(bo)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)1km2。

水質

從總(zong)體看(kan)來，湖泊(bo)水(shui)(shui)體理化(hua)性質(zhi)基本與天然狀態下一(yi)致，湖泊(bo)水(shui)(shui)質(zhi)良好，水(shui)(shui)體透明度1.3m，pH值(zhi)在6.3--6.8之(zhi)(zhi)間，電導率波動在220-309微(wei)西門(men)子(zi)/cm之(zhi)(zhi)間，溶氧量(liang)變(bian)動在7.2--12.3mg/1之(zhi)(zhi)間，平均為(wei)9.27mg/l，化(hua)學耗氧量(liang)為(wei)7.50mg/l，礦化(hua)度在146--240.67mg/l之(zhi)(zhi)間，平均為(wei)189.52 mg/l。

地質地貌

湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)北(bei)網(wang)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)濕地省級自然(ran)保護區，地處幕阜山脈向(xiang)長(chang)(chang)江中(zhong)下游平原的(de)過渡地帶，系富河(he)與長(chang)(chang)江交匯處的(de)匯水(shui)(shui)區，主要由網(wang)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)、朱婆(po)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)、寶塔湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)、絨(rong)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)、賽橋(qiao)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)、良(liang)薦湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)、石灰賽湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)、下羊(yang)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)等湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)泊(bo)組(zu)成(cheng)。地貌上屬于泥砂(sha)沉(chen)(chen)積形成(cheng)的(de)永久性內(nei)陸淡水(shui)(shui)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)泊(bo)，組(zu)成(cheng)物質為河(he)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)沉(chen)(chen)積物，系因(yin)地質運動(dong)(dong)、泥砂(sha)沉(chen)(chen)積，經圍堤改造(zao)而形成(cheng)。湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)泊(bo)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)底海拔為7.3m。解(jie)放以(yi)前，每逢泛(fan)水(shui)(shui)季(ji)節，湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)面周逾(yu)百余里，秋冬(dong)之際，水(shui)(shui)位下落(luo)，各湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)始分，統(tong)稱(cheng)為泛(fan)區水(shui)(shui)系。建國后(hou)，由于泛(fan)水(shui)(shui)區修筑堤壩、圍湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)造(zao)田等活動(dong)(dong)，各湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)便形成(cheng)封閉型水(shui)(shui)體，水(shui)(shui)陸面積相(xiang)對穩定。網(wang)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)、朱婆(po)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)和絨(rong)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)三湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)緊緊相(xiang)連(lian)，僅一(yi)河(he)堤之隔，湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)水(shui)(shui)經富河(he)匯合流入長(chang)(chang)江。

網湖南面為(wei)石灰(hui)質(zhi)構造的(de)(de)低(di)山，沿湖岸分布，最(zui)(zui)高海拔(ba)為(wei)439.5m。地(di)質(zhi)地(di)層由奧陶系寒武紀形(xing)成(cheng)，屬(shu)寶塔組，為(wei)淺灰(hui)色(se)，中厚層龜(gui)裂紋灰(hui)巖(yan)與泥質(zhi)灰(hui)巖(yan)，或與生物碎屑灰(hui)巖(yan)互層。網湖北(bei)面為(wei)砂頁巖(yan)、礫巖(yan)、第(di)四(si)紀紅土，由山地(di)侵蝕堆積(ji)形(xing)成(cheng)的(de)(de)丘陵崗地(di)，按長條(tiao)形(xing)土崗和寬窄不等的(de)(de)溝坳相間排列(lie)，呈樹(shu)枝狀向湖心傾(qing)斜延伸，形(xing)成(cheng)岬灣(wan)形(xing)湖岸，最(zui)(zui)高海拔(ba)為(wei)355m。

整個(ge)保護(hu)(hu)區(qu)形成(cheng)南北高(gao)，東西低的峽狀湖區(qu)。保護(hu)(hu)區(qu)地(di)層從(cong)寒武(wu)系中(zhong)一(yi)上(shang)統至第四(si)系均有出(chu)露，其中(zhong)以(yi)古生(sheng)界(jie)較發育。中(zhong)生(sheng)界(jie)以(yi)下三選統大冶群為主，常(chang)與古生(sheng)界(jie)地(di)層相(xiang)伴出(chu)露，組成(cheng)向斜構造軸部。

寒武系(xi)(xi)(xi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)最老地(di)(di)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)。只(zhi)有(you)(you)中(zhong)一上統出(chu)露(lu)(lu)(lu)，由一套海相(xiang)含鎂碳酸(suan)巖(yan)鹽組成。分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)布富水-鳳凰(huang)咀一帶。按巖(yan)性可劃分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)三個巖(yan)性段。寒武系(xi)(xi)(xi)有(you)(you)可供煉金屬(shu)鎂及作熔劑(ji)用(yong)的(de)白云巖(yan)礦床（點）及蝕變型(xing)金礦點。區(qu)(qu)內(nei)(nei)奧陶(tao)系(xi)(xi)(xi)發育比較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)完整，出(chu)露(lu)(lu)(lu)面積(ji)(ji)小，但露(lu)(lu)(lu)頭(tou)良好(hao)，層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)序(xu)清楚，并(bing)與寒武系(xi)(xi)(xi)相(xiang)伴出(chu)露(lu)(lu)(lu)．組成背(bei)斜(xie)翼部(bu)(bu)地(di)(di)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)。奧陶(tao)系(xi)(xi)(xi)有(you)(you)蝕變型(xing)金、銅等礦（化）點和石(shi)(shi)灰巖(yan)礦產分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)布。志(zhi)留(liu)系(xi)(xi)(xi)地(di)(di)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)是區(qu)(qu)內(nei)(nei)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)布較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)廣的(de)一個地(di)(di)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)單(dan)位(wei)，出(chu)露(lu)(lu)(lu)于富水等地(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)，多(duo)呈東西走向，組成背(bei)斜(xie)的(de)軸部(bu)(bu)及翼部(bu)(bu)．在(zai)(zai)地(di)(di)貌上多(duo)形(xing)成低山、丘陵或垅崗地(di)(di)形(xing)。志(zhi)留(liu)系(xi)(xi)(xi)中(zhong)統底部(bu)(bu)有(you)(you)磷礦點分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)布，泥(ni)盒系(xi)(xi)(xi)常與志(zhi)留(liu)系(xi)(xi)(xi)地(di)(di)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)相(xiang)伴出(chu)露(lu)(lu)(lu)，多(duo)呈條(tiao)帶狀(zhuang)延伸(shen)，為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)一套河流(liu)相(xiang)碎(sui)屑沉積(ji)(ji)，主要由灰白色中(zhong)～厚層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)狀(zhuang)石(shi)(shi)英(ying)砂巖(yan)，石(shi)(shi)英(ying)巖(yan)狀(zhuang)砂巖(yan)及不穩定的(de)石(shi)(shi)英(ying)礫巖(yan)組成。石(shi)(shi)炭系(xi)(xi)(xi)地(di)(di)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)一般露(lu)(lu)(lu)頭(tou)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)好(hao)，化石(shi)(shi)豐富。二迭(die)系(xi)(xi)(xi)在(zai)(zai)區(qu)(qu)內(nei)(nei)二迭(die)系(xi)(xi)(xi)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)布較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)廣，出(chu)露(lu)(lu)(lu)良好(hao)，含有(you)(you)煤(mei)及硫鐵礦地(di)(di)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)。三迭(die)系(xi)(xi)(xi)地(di)(di)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)在(zai)(zai)區(qu)(qu)內(nei)(nei)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)布較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)廣，表現為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)一套淺海相(xiang)碳酸(suan)鹽巖(yan)沉積(ji)(ji)地(di)(di)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)，有(you)(you)白云巖(yan)、石(shi)(shi)灰巖(yan)礦產分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)布．侏(zhu)羅(luo)系(xi)(xi)(xi)和第(di)三系(xi)(xi)(xi)-白堊(e)系(xi)(xi)(xi)地(di)(di)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)布較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)小，露(lu)(lu)(lu)頭(tou)孤(gu)零。第(di)四系(xi)(xi)(xi)在(zai)(zai)保護區(qu)(qu)內(nei)(nei)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)布較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)廣，為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)一套坡(po)積(ji)(ji)、沖(chong)(chong)積(ji)(ji)和沖(chong)(chong)洪(hong)(hong)積(ji)(ji)的(de)松(song)散堆(dui)積(ji)(ji)物。按其成因(yin)類型(xing)包(bao)括(kuo)殘坡(po)積(ji)(ji)、沖(chong)(chong)積(ji)(ji)、洪(hong)(hong)積(ji)(ji)、湖(hu)積(ji)(ji)沖(chong)(chong)積(ji)(ji)類型(xing)。

地理環境

湖(hu)北(bei)(bei)網湖(hu)濕地(di)(di)省級自然保護(hu)區(qu)(qu)處于長江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)中下(xia)游南(nan)岸，長江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)與(yu)富水交匯的(de)三角地(di)(di)帶。位于湖(hu)北(bei)(bei)省黃石市陽新縣(xian)境內(nei)，地(di)(di)處東徑115°14′00″至115°25′42″、北(bei)(bei)緯29°45′11″至29°56′38″之間，東連(lian)富池(chi)鎮(zhen)而臨長江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)，與(yu)武穴市隔江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)相望；南(nan)接(jie)楓(feng)林(lin)鎮(zhen)和木港(gang)鎮(zhen)，與(yu)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)西省九江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)市瑞(rui)昌縣(xian)接(jie)壤(rang)；西鄰(lin)興(xing)國鎮(zhen)，緊挨縣(xian)城城區(qu)(qu)；北(bei)(bei)與(yu)綜合(he)管(guan)理區(qu)(qu)、陶港(gang)鎮(zhen)和半壁山管(guan)理區(qu)(qu)接(jie)壤(rang)。總面積(ji)20495hm2。

歷史沿革

1999年，網湖(hu)濕(shi)(shi)地被列(lie)入了《中(zhong)國(guo)濕(shi)(shi)地保(bao)護行(xing)動計劃》，為華中(zhong)重(zhong)要濕(shi)(shi)地。

2001年6月25日，陽新(xin)縣人民政府批(pi)準建立縣級網湖濕地自(zi)然保護區。

2004年(nian)3月(yue)13日，黃石市人民政府辦(ban)公廳批(pi)準升級(ji)為市級(ji)自然保護區。

2004年8月8日，黃石市(shi)人民政府(fu)批準成立(li)了黃石市(shi)網湖濕地自(zi)然保護(hu)區管理局。

2006年8月21日，湖(hu)(hu)北省人民政(zheng)府批準網湖(hu)(hu)濕地升級為(wei)省級自然保護區。

榮譽及其他

地位價值

網湖(hu)濕(shi)(shi)地(di)地(di)處華中湖(hu)泊(bo)濕(shi)(shi)地(di)群，是(shi)(shi)(shi)典型(xing)的(de)具有湖(hu)泊(bo)、沼(zhao)澤(ze)和森林的(de)復合生態系(xi)統，又(you)是(shi)(shi)(shi)熱帶向寒帶過渡的(de)地(di)帶，是(shi)(shi)(shi)東西(xi)、南北物(wu)種的(de)集匯區(qu)。網湖(hu)濕(shi)(shi)地(di)是(shi)(shi)(shi)亞熱帶和溫(wen)帶地(di)區(qu)植物(wu)區(qu)系(xi)重要的(de)交(jiao)匯地(di)區(qu)，植物(wu)分布(bu)(bu)上(shang)具有垂直分布(bu)(bu)和水平分布(bu)(bu)的(de)各(ge)類植物(wu)。

網湖濕地分布有(you)(you)(you)豐富的(de)(de)(de)極(ji)危、瀕危、易(yi)危物(wu)(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)和國(guo)(guo)(guo)家Ⅰ、II級(ji)保護動物(wu)(wu)。其中，國(guo)(guo)(guo)家二(er)級(ji)保護獸類有(you)(you)(you)穿山(shan)甲、水獺2種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，列入(ru)《瀕危野生(sheng)動植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)際(ji)貿易(yi)公約》附(fu)(fu)(fu)錄I的(de)(de)(de)有(you)(you)(you)1種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、附(fu)(fu)(fu)錄III有(you)(you)(you)1種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)；有(you)(you)(you)國(guo)(guo)(guo)家I級(ji)保護鳥(niao)類有(you)(you)(you)東方(fang)(fang)白(bai)鸛(guan)(guan)、黑(hei)鸛(guan)(guan)、白(bai)鶴3種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，國(guo)(guo)(guo)家II級(ji)保護鳥(niao)類有(you)(you)(you)小天鵝、白(bai)琵(pi)鷺(lu)、白(bai)頭(tou)鷂、鴛(yuan)鴦等(deng)27種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。省級(ji)保護鳥(niao)類有(you)(you)(you)豆(dou)雁、小白(bai)額雁、綠頭(tou)鴨(ya)等(deng)45種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。列入(ru)《瀕危野生(sheng)動植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)際(ji)貿易(yi)公約》附(fu)(fu)(fu)錄I的(de)(de)(de)有(you)(you)(you)2種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、附(fu)(fu)(fu)錄II的(de)(de)(de)有(you)(you)(you)18種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、附(fu)(fu)(fu)錄III的(de)(de)(de)鳥(niao)類有(you)(you)(you)7種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，列入(ru)《中國(guo)(guo)(guo)瀕危動物(wu)(wu)紅皮書》瀕危種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)2種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、稀有(you)(you)(you)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)1種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、易(yi)危種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)5種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、不定物(wu)(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)1種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。東方(fang)(fang)白(bai)鸛(guan)(guan)、黑(hei)鸛(guan)(guan)、豆(dou)雁、小天鵝、白(bai)琵(pi)鷺(lu)、白(bai)額雁、鴻雁等(deng)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)群(qun)數(shu)量達(da)到或超(chao)過(guo)了全球飛遷(qian)線路上水鳥(niao)數(shu)量1%的(de)(de)(de)標準，具(ju)有(you)(you)(you)國(guo)(guo)(guo)際(ji)重要意(yi)義(yi)。