這(zhe)是一座四合院(yuan)式布(bu)局(ju)的貝灰砂磚木建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu),由山門(men)、前殿、正殿、廂房(fang)、套間、外院(yuan)、里(li)院(yuan)等組成,占地面積2500平方米。始建(jian)(jian)于清光緒(xu)十四年(nian)(nian)(1888年(nian)(nian)),原(yuan)擬建(jian)(jian)為(wei)(wei)“同慶善堂”堂址(zhi),房(fang)屋建(jian)(jian)成后,因經費缺乏而停(ting)辦。清光緒(xu)二(er)十七年(nian)(nian)(1901年(nian)(nian)),臺灣(wan)愛國志士丘逢甲(jia)便在這(zhe)里(li)設立(li)“嶺(ling)東(dong)(dong)同文學(xue)(xue)堂”,這(zhe)是汕頭(tou)市(shi)新式學(xue)(xue)校之(zhi)始。1915年(nian)(nian),學(xue)(xue)堂改為(wei)(wei)“嶺(ling)東(dong)(dong)甲(jia)種商業(ye)學(xue)(xue)校”,1924年(nian)(nian)又改為(wei)(wei)省立(li)嶺(ling)東(dong)(dong)高級商業(ye)學(xue)(xue)校,實行“三(san)三(san)制”教學(xue)(xue)。1925年(nian)(nian)底,國民(min)(min)革(ge)命軍第(di)(di)二(er)次東(dong)(dong)征解(jie)放潮汕,國民(min)(min)革(ge)命政(zheng)府在這(zhe)里(li)設立(li)“廣東(dong)(dong)東(dong)(dong)江各屬行政(zheng)委員公署(shu)(shu)”。1926年(nian)(nian)2月1日,周(zhou)恩來在公署(shu)(shu)宣誓就(jiu)任廣東(dong)(dong)東(dong)(dong)江各屬行政(zheng)委員,這(zhe)是第(di)(di)一個由共產黨人主持的革(ge)命政(zheng)權。建(jian)(jian)國后,這(zhe)里(li)一直被一所小學(xue)(xue)使用。建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)物原(yuan)貌有部(bu)分改變。
廣東(dong)(dong)東(dong)(dong)江(jiang)各(ge)屬行政委員公署舊址位于(yu)廣東(dong)(dong)省(sheng)汕(shan)頭市金平區同益街道鹽埕居(ju)委外(wai)馬路129號,建于(yu)1888年(nian)(清(qing)光緒十四年(nian))。坐(zuo)北向南,三(san)進二天井祠堂格局(ju),磚木結(jie)構,通面(mian)闊(kuo)38.2米,通進深(shen)52.55米,占(zhan)地面(mian)積2008平方米,其(qi)外(wai)觀采用硬(ying)山頂、人字(zi)封火山墻(qiang),素胎瓦,前門表層墻(qiang)體貼花(hua)鳥詩(shi)文(wen)書(shu)法花(hua)崗巖(yan)石(shi)雕,左右各(ge)有(you)麻石(shi)質石(shi)鼓1對,屋內(nei)為(wei)五瓜抬梁式木結(jie)構。
該地(di)(di)(di)址原擬作“同(tong)慶(qing)善堂(tang)”之(zhi)用,后(hou)因房屋(wu)建成后(hou)經(jing)費缺乏而停(ting)辦(ban)。至1901年(清(qing)光(guang)緒二(er)十(shi)七年),臺(tai)灣(wan)愛(ai)國(guo)(guo)志(zhi)士丘逢(feng)甲在(zai)(zai)(zai)此設(she)立“同(tong)文(wen)學(xue)堂(tang)”,成為(wei)(wei)(wei)汕(shan)(shan)頭(tou)市新式(shi)學(xue)校之(zhi)始。1915年,此處(chu)又改(gai)為(wei)(wei)(wei)“嶺(ling)東(dong)(dong)(dong)甲種商(shang)業(ye)學(xue)校”。1925年底(di),國(guo)(guo)民(min)(min)革(ge)命(ming)軍第二(er)次東(dong)(dong)(dong)征(zheng)進入汕(shan)(shan)頭(tou),1926年初,軍政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)結束,訓政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)開(kai)始,國(guo)(guo)民(min)(min)革(ge)命(ming)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)在(zai)(zai)(zai)此設(she)立“廣東(dong)(dong)(dong)東(dong)(dong)(dong)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)各(ge)(ge)屬(shu)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)委員(yuan)(yuan)公(gong)署(shu)”。公(gong)署(shu)管(guan)轄范圍為(wei)(wei)(wei)惠州、潮(chao)汕(shan)(shan)、梅州三個(ge)(ge)地(di)(di)(di)區(qu)及下屬(shu)縣(市),是中國(guo)(guo)歷(li)史上第一個(ge)(ge)由共(gong)產黨人(ren)主持的(de)(de)國(guo)(guo)共(gong)合作的(de)(de)地(di)(di)(di)方政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)權(quan)。第一次國(guo)(guo)共(gong)合作時(shi)期,廣東(dong)(dong)(dong)國(guo)(guo)民(min)(min)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)先后(hou)于1925年2月(yue)(yue)(yue)和10月(yue)(yue)(yue)組織了(le)兩次東(dong)(dong)(dong)征(zheng),討伐盤(pan)踞在(zai)(zai)(zai)東(dong)(dong)(dong)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)地(di)(di)(di)區(qu)的(de)(de)軍閥陳(chen)炯明,11月(yue)(yue)(yue)4日(ri)東(dong)(dong)(dong)征(zheng)軍進入汕(shan)(shan)頭(tou)市,取得了(le)東(dong)(dong)(dong)征(zheng)的(de)(de)全面(mian)勝利。時(shi)任東(dong)(dong)(dong)征(zheng)軍政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)治部總主任的(de)(de)周(zhou)恩來(lai)被(bei)國(guo)(guo)民(min)(min)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)任命(ming)為(wei)(wei)(wei)東(dong)(dong)(dong)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)各(ge)(ge)屬(shu)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)委員(yuan)(yuan),領導惠、潮(chao)、梅三個(ge)(ge)地(di)(di)(di)區(qu)的(de)(de)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)工(gong)作。1926年2月(yue)(yue)(yue)1日(ri),周(zhou)恩來(lai)在(zai)(zai)(zai)汕(shan)(shan)頭(tou)市外馬(ma)路東(dong)(dong)(dong)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)各(ge)(ge)屬(shu)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)委員(yuan)(yuan)公(gong)署(shu)門口公(gong)布(bu)就職通告。正式(shi)就任。2月(yue)(yue)(yue)22日(ri)又在(zai)(zai)(zai)此地(di)(di)(di)舉行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)東(dong)(dong)(dong)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)各(ge)(ge)屬(shu)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)會議,各(ge)(ge)縣縣長、教(jiao)育(yu)局(ju)長及工(gong)、農、學(xue)、商(shang)、婦(fu)代表共(gong)95人(ren)參(can)加,澎湃(pai)、楊石魂、杜國(guo)(guo)癢、工(gong)鼎新也出席了(le)會議。經(jing)過一星期的(de)(de)議程,制(zhi)訂出實業(ye)、交通、文(wen)教(jiao)等十(shi)多個(ge)(ge)方面(mian)的(de)(de)工(gong)作方案,為(wei)(wei)(wei)振興潮(chao)汕(shan)(shan)推行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)一系(xi)列革(ge)命(ming)措施。這次會議,在(zai)(zai)(zai)東(dong)(dong)(dong)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)歷(li)史上寫下了(le)重要(yao)的(de)(de)一頁(ye),開(kai)創了(le)東(dong)(dong)(dong)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)革(ge)命(ming)的(de)(de)新紀元。1926年3月(yue)(yue)(yue)16日(ri),廣州國(guo)(guo)民(min)(min)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)接受周(zhou)恩來(lai)的(de)(de)請求,宣布(bu)免去(qu)其東(dong)(dong)(dong)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)各(ge)(ge)屬(shu)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)委員(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)職務。1928年4月(yue)(yue)(yue)東(dong)(dong)(dong)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)各(ge)(ge)屬(shu)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)委員(yuan)(yuan)公(gong)署(shu)被(bei)東(dong)(dong)(dong)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)善后(hou)委員(yuan)(yuan)公(gong)署(shu)替代。
1979年12月17日(ri),廣東(dong)省革命(ming)委員會將公署(shu)舊(jiu)址公布為第(di)二批省級文物保護(hu)單位,對研(yan)究中國(guo)革命(ming)史(shi)有一定的價(jia)值,1995年初,汕(shan)頭市(shi)委,市(shi)政府將其(qi)確定為汕(shan)頭市(shi)愛國(guo)主義教育基地。現為汕(shan)頭市(shi)外馬路第(di)三小學校址。該建(jian)筑具有較高的革命(ming)歷史(shi)紀念及史(shi)跡研(yan)究價(jia)值。