明朝曾于山上蓋有城樓(lou)(lou)樣樓(lou)(lou),是當時(shi)福州較(jiao)高的(de)建筑(zhu)物,又稱(cheng)鎮(zhen)海(hai)樓(lou)(lou)。登樓(lou)(lou)眺(tiao)望,可極目(mu)閩江口。不幸的(de)是此樓(lou)(lou)毀(hui)于“文化大革命”中。2006年在原址(zhi)重建新(xin)樓(lou)(lou)。
屏山高62米,東南(nan)為冶(ye)山,旁有(you)歐冶(ye)池,相(xiang)傳為春秋時歐冶(ye)子鑄劍(jian)處,又稱劍(jian)池,華林寺(si)。北(bei)麓有(you)1987年新辟(pi)的屏山公園(yuan),園(yuan)中(zhong)有(you)不少游覽點。
漢閩越(yue)(yue)(yue)王無諸建(jian)(jian)冶(ye)城,相(xiang)(xiang)傳就(jiu)在(zai)山(shan)(shan)(shan)的(de)(de)東南冶(ye)山(shan)(shan)(shan)一(yi)帶。冶(ye)山(shan)(shan)(shan)北有(you)(you)福(fu)(fu)州(zhou)較(jiao)早(zao)的(de)(de)冶(ye)煉遺址歐冶(ye)池。晉子(zi)城、唐(tang)羅城,也都是從此向南擴展(zhan)的(de)(de)。越(yue)(yue)(yue)山(shan)(shan)(shan)巔(dian)舊有(you)(you)環峰亭、絕(jue)學寮,為(wei)宋(song)(song)(song)丞相(xiang)(xiang)張(zhang)浚(jun)讀書(shu)處。又(you)有(you)(you)天泉(quan)(quan)池、泉(quan)(quan)山(shan)(shan)(shan)堂、玩(wan)琴石(shi),相(xiang)(xiang)傳為(wei)閩越(yue)(yue)(yue)王鼓琴處。山(shan)(shan)(shan)下一(yi)泓清泉(quan)(quan),傳為(wei)閩越(yue)(yue)(yue)王飲馬泉(quan)(quan),在(zai)今華林寺(si)(si)大殿前(qian)院東南。山(shan)(shan)(shan)南麓有(you)(you)福(fu)(fu)州(zhou)第一(yi)座佛(fo)寺(si)(si)——乾元(yuan)寺(si)(si),毀于明初(chu),今半野軒系其殘余部分。山(shan)(shan)(shan)南現存(cun)五代(dai)十國(guo)(guo)之(zhi)一(yi)吳越(yue)(yue)(yue)鮑(bao)修讓(rang)興(xing)建(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)“越(yue)(yue)(yue)山(shan)(shan)(shan)吉(ji)祥(xiang)禪院”,即今之(zhi)華林寺(si)(si)。“寶剎越(yue)(yue)(yue)城邊(bian),千(qian)花繡佛(fo)前(qian)”,越(yue)(yue)(yue)王山(shan)(shan)(shan)在(zai)宋(song)(song)(song)代(dai)就(jiu)是福(fu)(fu)州(zhou)的(de)(de)游覽勝地。南宋(song)(song)(song)高宗趙構曾(ceng)御書(shu)“越(yue)(yue)(yue)山(shan)(shan)(shan)”、“環峰”刻石(shi)于寺(si)(si),今殘碑(bei)猶存(cun)。寺(si)(si)幾經興(xing)廢,僅存(cun)大殿,經專家學者論證和(he)C14測定(ding),確認華林寺(si)(si)大殿是千(qian)年以前(qian)原構,是長江以南較(jiao)古(gu)老的(de)(de)木構建(jian)(jian)筑,已(yi)列為(wei)全(quan)國(guo)(guo)重點文(wen)(wen)物保護單(dan)位,在(zai)全(quan)國(guo)(guo)古(gu)建(jian)(jian)筑中(zhong)占有(you)(you)一(yi)席(xi)之(zhi)地。明洪武(wu)初(chu),跨(kua)越(yue)(yue)(yue)王山(shan)(shan)(shan)砌石(shi)城,建(jian)(jian)城樓(lou)于其上,稱(cheng)為(wei)“樣(yang)樓(lou)”,后更名鎮海樓(lou),屢毀屢建(jian)(jian),民國(guo)(guo)時期改為(wei)林森紀念堂,“文(wen)(wen)化大革命”中(zhong)被炸毀。山(shan)(shan)(shan)西北有(you)(you)井(jing)“苔(tai)泉(quan)(quan)”,又(you)稱(cheng)龍舌泉(quan)(quan)。水從山(shan)(shan)(shan)的(de)(de)峭壁裂縫中(zhong)涌出(chu),流注(zhu)井(jing)中(zhong),微呈澄(cheng)藍色,味清甜,宋(song)(song)(song)代(dai)書(shu)法家蔡(cai)襄知福(fu)(fu)州(zhou)時,喜用這里的(de)(de)水烹(peng)茶,今井(jing)旁一(yi)方石(shi)碑(bei),刻“苔(tai)泉(quan)(quan)”,相(xiang)(xiang)傳是蔡(cai)襄的(de)(de)手跡。越(yue)(yue)(yue)王山(shan)(shan)(shan)因為(wei)是閩越(yue)(yue)(yue)國(guo)(guo)發祥(xiang)地,早(zao)在(zai)唐(tang)宋(song)(song)(song)就(jiu)禁止(zhi)樵采,是福(fu)(fu)州(zhou)較(jiao)早(zao)的(de)(de)歷史文(wen)(wen)化保護區。
主峰(feng)從南(nan)向(xiang)北居高(gao)臨下,勢如(ru)率領群山(shan)奔向(xiang)大海,為(wei)主村之屏風(feng),故(gu)名(ming)。宋理學家(jia)朱(zhu)熹結(jie)舍講學于(yu)山(shan)旁(pang),因此又叫(jiao)(jiao)賢人山(shan)。古時(shi)還叫(jiao)(jiao)魁(kui)(kui)(kui)(kui)山(shan),唐代以前,山(shan)的(de)前面一片汪洋,民居只能沿(yan)山(shan)建屋,唐末至兩宋間(jian),這里人才輩出(chu),高(gao)魁(kui)(kui)(kui)(kui)蟬朕,故(gu)得名(ming)魁(kui)(kui)(kui)(kui)山(shan),境為(wei)魁(kui)(kui)(kui)(kui)山(shan)境。山(shan)旁(pang)路邊大崖面上勒有楷書“魁(kui)(kui)(kui)(kui)山(shan)”二字,后因建設水渠(qu)被(bei)打掉(diao),福(fu)建省副省長潘心城在(zai)原處補書“魁(kui)(kui)(kui)(kui)元”二字,里面有一處山(shan)峪,地名(ming)叫(jiao)(jiao)魁(kui)(kui)(kui)(kui)山(shan)里,故(gu)屏山(shan)、賢人山(shan)、魁(kui)(kui)(kui)(kui)山(shan),三名(ming)并(bing)傳。
該(gai)山海拔500米,面(mian)積約1000畝,北(bei)面(mian)臨鼎溪,與柏山對峙,東面(mian)一(yi)片平原,萬(wan)(wan)畝良(liang)田,距山三公里就是(shi)大(da)海。西面(mian)是(shi)蓄水一(yi)千萬(wan)(wan)立方(fang)米的(de)三溪水庫,以及環(huan)山諸(zhu)村。南面(mian)與邦上村、犰侖(lun)山及福清七社諸(zhu)村交(jiao)界。山巔(dian)羅列大(da)小不一(yi)、千姿百(bai)態、挺秀而出的(de)奇峰怪石(shi),猶如萬(wan)(wan)笏朝(chao)(chao)天,生(sheng)長有(you)兩面(mian)針、鳳尾(wei)草等(deng)多種藥材,種植地瓜(gua)(甘(gan)薯)、果(guo)樹(shu)等(deng),并(bing)儲存(cun)大(da)量優質花崗石(shi)。有(you)天龍井、豸石(shi)、龍嗡(weng)泉等(deng)名勝古(gu)(gu)跡和(he)邑十(shi)二大(da)景(jing)之(zhi)一(yi)“屏嶂(zhang)鋪霞(xia)”,千年古(gu)(gu)剎——朝(chao)(chao)元觀(guan),朱熹(xi)講(jiang)學處——紫陽閣,香梅軒,鐘秀毓英牌坊等(deng)古(gu)(gu)建(jian)筑,明(ming)代(dai)陳省崖刻(ke)等(deng)亦(yi)在其(qi)旁(pang)。來在山上新建(jian)觀(guan)海亭、望(wang)月亭和(he)各種休閑(xian)場所,通往(wang)各個(ge)景(jing)點道路都鋪上石(shi)條。巖(yan)石(shi)中有(you)華國(guo)鋒、賈(jia)慶林、田紀云、王兆國(guo)、賀國(guo)強等(deng)黨和(he)國(guo)家領導人,以及陳明(ming)義、袁啟彤、游(you)德(de)馨、何少川、張家坤、潘心(xin)城、陳奮武等(deng)省領導和(he)書法名家的(de)書寫巖(yan)刻(ke)。