馬洪1920年5月出生于山西定襄待(dai)陽村。原名(ming)牛(niu)(niu)仁權，曾用名(ming)牛(niu)(niu)黃(huang)、牛(niu)(niu)中黃(huang)；在(zai)延安時(shi)，為(wei)準備(bei)派(pai)往外地做秘(mi)密(mi)工作(zuo)的需要，由當時(shi)的中央組織部部長陳云為(wei)他(ta)把(ba)牛(niu)(niu)黃(huang)的名(ming)字改為(wei)馬洪。
1936年加(jia)入(ru)黨所(suo)領導的犧盟會，1937年參加(jia)了(le)同(tong)蒲(pu)鐵(tie)路總(zong)工(gong)(gong)會的籌(chou)建并被推薦(jian)為同(tong)蒲(pu)鐵(tie)路總(zong)工(gong)(gong)會負(fu)責人之一，同(tong)年加(jia)入(ru)中國共產黨。
1938年到延安，馬(ma)洪(hong)先(xian)后在中(zhong)央黨校(xiao)和馬(ma)列學(xue)院（后改名(ming)中(zhong)央研究院）學(xue)習(xi)和工(gong)作。
1941年擔任(ren)中央研究院政(zheng)治研究室(shi)研究員(yuan)、學術秘書(shu)。在延安期間(jian)還擔任(ren)過(guo)《共產黨(dang)人》雜志的編(bian)輯。
抗(kang)日(ri)戰爭勝利后，馬(ma)洪從延安被派往東(dong)(dong)北，先(xian)在(zai)冀察(cha)熱遼(liao)的寧城縣擔任(ren)澤區委書記，后又在(zai)中(zhong)共中(zhong)央東(dong)(dong)北局工(gong)作。
建國(guo)以后馬(ma)洪先后任東(dong)北(bei)局政策研(yan)究(jiu)室主任、東(dong)北(bei)局委員(yuan)、副秘書長(chang)，后調到(dao)中(zhong)央(yang)，任國(guo)家(jia)計劃委員(yuan)會委員(yuan)兼(jian)秘書長(chang)。
“高饒事件(jian)”時(shi)被(bei)認為是高崗的“五(wu)虎上將”之一，下放北京市(shi)第(di)一和第(di)三建筑公司任副經理(li)，后(hou)又調(diao)任國(guo)家經濟委員會政策研究室任負責人。
1965-1978年先后擔任(ren)化工部第一設計院副(fu)院長、北京石油化工總(zong)廠設計院副(fu)院長、石化總(zong)廠基(ji)本(ben)建設指揮部副(fu)總(zong)指揮。
“文革(ge)”以后(hou)，馬(ma)洪于1978年(nian)受命(ming)創建中國社會科學(xue)院工業經濟研究所并任(ren)所長(chang)。
1979年任中國社(she)會科學院副(fu)院長。
1982年任中國(guo)社會科學院院長兼任國(guo)家機(ji)械委員(yuan)會副主任、國(guo)務院副秘(mi)書長。
1985年以后(hou)，擔(dan)任(ren)國務院(yuan)經(jing)濟技術社會發展(zhan)研究(jiu)中心(xin)總干(gan)事，后(hou)改名為(wei)國務院(yuan)發展(zhan)研究(jiu)中心(xin)，馬洪(hong)任(ren)主(zhu)任(ren)。
1993年以后，任國(guo)務院(yuan)發展研(yan)究(jiu)中(zhong)心名(ming)譽主任。
1994年5月起任中國政策科(ke)學研究會會長(chang)。
馬洪(hong)是(shi)中國綜合開發(fa)研(yan)究院理事長(chang)，中共第(di)十(shi)二屆中央候補委員(yuan)，第(di)十(shi)三、十(shi)四大代表，第(di)七(qi)屆全國人大常委、財經(jing)委員(yuan)會副主任委員(yuan)。
馬洪是中國(guo)社會(hui)科學院研究生(sheng)院博士生(sheng)導師，兼北(bei)京大(da)(da)學、清華大(da)(da)學、復(fu)旦大(da)(da)學、上(shang)海(hai)交(jiao)大(da)(da)客座教授。
1920年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)5月(yue)(yue)13日(ri)生于(yu)山(shan)西定襄，1936年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)來(lai)到(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)太(tai)原同(tong)蒲(pu)(pu)鐵(tie)路(lu)管(guan)理(li)(li)局(ju)，后(hou)(hou)參加(jia)犧盟(meng)會(hui)(hui)(hui)。1937年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)11月(yue)(yue)加(jia)入(ru)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)共(gong)產黨(dang)。1938年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)入(ru)延安馬列學(xue)院(yuan)(yuan)二班學(xue)習。1939年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)畢業(ye)于(yu)延安馬克思列寧(ning)學(xue)院(yuan)(yuan)（后(hou)(hou)改(gai)為中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)(yang)(yang)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)院(yuan)(yuan)）。曾是(shi)(shi)同(tong)蒲(pu)(pu)鐵(tie)路(lu)總工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)會(hui)(hui)(hui)負(fu)責(ze)人(ren)之一，1940年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)冬(dong)任(ren)(ren)《共(gong)產黨(dang)人(ren)》雜志(zhi)編(bian)輯、1941年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)以后(hou)(hou)擔(dan)任(ren)(ren)延安中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)(yang)(yang)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)院(yuan)(yuan)政(zheng)治研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)室(shi)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)員(yuan)(yuan)、學(xue)術(shu)秘(mi)(mi)書、平泉縣縣長、縣委(wei)書記、中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)共(gong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)(yang)(yang)冀察熱遼分局(ju)秘(mi)(mi)書處處長。1947年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)冬(dong)高崗(gang)代(dai)表中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)共(gong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)(yang)(yang)東北(bei)局(ju)到(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)冀察熱遼視察工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作時，發(fa)(fa)現了(le)(le)(le)馬洪的(de)(de)(de)才干(gan)。建(jian)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)后(hou)(hou)，1948年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)6月(yue)(yue)任(ren)(ren)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)共(gong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)(yang)(yang)東北(bei)局(ju)和中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)共(gong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)(yang)(yang)政(zheng)策(ce)(ce)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)室(shi)主(zhu)(zhu)任(ren)(ren)、中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)共(gong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)(yang)(yang)東北(bei)局(ju)委(wei)員(yuan)(yuan)和副(fu)(fu)秘(mi)(mi)書長、國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)(jia)計(ji)(ji)劃委(wei)員(yuan)(yuan)會(hui)(hui)(hui)委(wei)員(yuan)(yuan)兼秘(mi)(mi)書長、國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)(jia)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)委(wei)政(zheng)策(ce)(ce)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)室(shi)負(fu)責(ze)人(ren)。由(you)(you)于(yu)他的(de)(de)(de)成(cheng)長離不開高崗(gang)的(de)(de)(de)信(xin)任(ren)(ren)與提拔，因涉及“高(崗(gang))饒(漱(shu)石(shi)(shi))反黨(dang)集(ji)團(tuan)”問題(ti)，所(suo)(suo)以最終成(cheng)了(le)(le)(le)“五虎(hu)上將(jiang)”中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)一員(yuan)(yuan)，被(bei)(bei)撤銷(xiao)了(le)(le)(le)黨(dang)內(nei)職(zhi)務。1954年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)10月(yue)(yue)，馬洪被(bei)(bei)下(xia)放到(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)北(bei)京市第三建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程公司任(ren)(ren)副(fu)(fu)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)理(li)(li)，主(zhu)(zhu)管(guan)財(cai)務和材料工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作。1955年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)1月(yue)(yue)，又被(bei)(bei)調(diao)到(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)北(bei)京第一建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)公司任(ren)(ren)副(fu)(fu)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)理(li)(li)。雖然(ran)由(you)(you)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)(jia)計(ji)(ji)委(wei)的(de)(de)(de)高官直(zhi)落到(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)地，馬洪與“五虎(hu)上將(jiang)”的(de)(de)(de)其他人(ren)一樣，內(nei)心(xin)(xin)苦悶，痛苦憂傷(shang)。但一想到(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)自己(ji)本來(lai)就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)個(ge)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)，掌握的(de)(de)(de)知識也都是(shi)(shi)來(lai)源(yuan)于(yu)實(shi)踐，干(gan)脆(cui)就(jiu)從頭做(zuo)起(qi)，再到(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)實(shi)踐這個(ge)大(da)課堂去學(xue)習吧。于(yu)是(shi)(shi)，馬洪在建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)地上摸爬滾打(da)，努力(li)學(xue)習，很(hen)快就(jiu)熟(shu)悉了(le)(le)(le)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)行業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)特點，成(cheng)為管(guan)理(li)(li)方面的(de)(de)(de)行家(jia)(jia)(jia)。他還針對當時建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)設計(ji)(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)某些復古主(zhu)(zhu)義(yi)傾(qing)向，寫了(le)(le)(le)題(ti)為《反對華(hua)而(er)不實(shi)》的(de)(de)(de)批評文(wen)章。馬洪的(de)(de)(de)理(li)(li)論才干(gan)并沒(mei)有隨著職(zhi)務的(de)(de)(de)下(xia)降而(er)被(bei)(bei)人(ren)們遺(yi)忘。1956年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)6月(yue)(yue)，馬洪被(bei)(bei)調(diao)到(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)新組建(jian)的(de)(de)(de)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)(jia)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)濟委(wei)員(yuan)(yuan)會(hui)(hui)(hui)政(zheng)策(ce)(ce)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)室(shi)，以該室(shi)負(fu)責(ze)人(ren)的(de)(de)(de)名義(yi)從事調(diao)查(cha)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)和起(qi)草(cao)政(zheng)策(ce)(ce)文(wen)件(jian)的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作。馬洪在國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)(jia)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)濟委(wei)員(yuan)(yuan)會(hui)(hui)(hui)一干(gan)就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)十(shi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)，他不但參加(jia)了(le)(le)(le)《工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)七(qi)十(shi)條》等重要(yao)文(wen)件(jian)的(de)(de)(de)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)起(qi)草(cao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作，而(er)且(qie)取得了(le)(le)(le)重要(yao)學(xue)術(shu)成(cheng)就(jiu)，出(chu)版發(fa)(fa)表了(le)(le)(le)《中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)社會(hui)(hui)(hui)主(zhu)(zhu)義(yi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)化問題(ti)》等學(xue)術(shu)著作和一系(xi)列論文(wen)。1965年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)化工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)部(bu)第一設計(ji)(ji)院(yuan)(yuan)副(fu)(fu)院(yuan)(yuan)長，1970年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)夏北(bei)京石(shi)(shi)油化工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)區建(jian)設指(zhi)揮(hui)部(bu)副(fu)(fu)指(zhi)揮(hui)（我國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)第一個(ge)大(da)型化工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)項目——30萬噸乙烯工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程），1978年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)后(hou)(hou)，任(ren)(ren)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)社會(hui)(hui)(hui)科(ke)學(xue)院(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)濟研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)所(suo)(suo)所(suo)(suo)長、副(fu)(fu)院(yuan)(yuan)長，中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)社會(hui)(hui)(hui)科(ke)學(xue)院(yuan)(yuan)院(yuan)(yuan)長、國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)(jia)建(jian)委(wei)基本建(jian)設經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)濟研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)所(suo)(suo)所(suo)(suo)長、國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)務院(yuan)(yuan)副(fu)(fu)秘(mi)(mi)書長、國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)(jia)機(ji)械(xie)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)委(wei)員(yuan)(yuan)會(hui)(hui)(hui)副(fu)(fu)主(zhu)(zhu)任(ren)(ren)、國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)(jia)計(ji)(ji)劃委(wei)員(yuan)(yuan)會(hui)(hui)(hui)和國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)(jia)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)濟體制改(gai)革委(wei)員(yuan)(yuan)會(hui)(hui)(hui)顧問。1985年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)至1993年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)任(ren)(ren)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)務院(yuan)(yuan)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)濟技術(shu)社會(hui)(hui)(hui)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)(xin)總干(gan)事、國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)務院(yuan)(yuan)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)(xin)主(zhu)(zhu)任(ren)(ren)，參與了(le)(le)(le)黨(dang)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)(yang)(yang)和國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)務院(yuan)(yuan)一些重大(da)政(zheng)策(ce)(ce)的(de)(de)(de)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)，。1993年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)4月(yue)(yue)起(qi)任(ren)(ren)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)務院(yuan)(yuan)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)(xin)名譽主(zhu)(zhu)任(ren)(ren)。因病于(yu)2007年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)10月(yue)(yue)28日(ri)在北(bei)京逝世(shi)，享年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)87歲。
《中國(guo)(guo)社(she)會主(zhu)義工業化(hua)問(wen)題》、《經(jing)(jing)濟結構與經(jing)(jing)濟管理》、《試論我國(guo)(guo)社(she)會主(zhu)義經(jing)(jing)濟發(fa)展的新(xin)戰略(lve)》、《中國(guo)(guo)經(jing)(jing)濟調整改革(ge)與發(fa)展》、《社(she)會主(zhu)義制度下的商品經(jing)(jing)濟》、《中國(guo)(guo)經(jing)(jing)濟發(fa)展新(xin)戰略(lve)》、《馬(ma)洪選集》。主(zhu)編(bian)《當代中國(guo)(guo)》叢書等(deng)。
巧笑倩兮 
