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基本介紹

《反經》由(you)唐人趙(zhao)蕤著，具文學、史料、鏡(jing)鑒(jian)三重價(jia)值(zhi)。

原名《長短經》，有是非、得失、長短、優劣(lie)的意思(si)。

紀曉嵐編撰的《四(si)庫全書·〈長(chang)短經〉提(ti)要》說：“此書辨(bian)析(xi)事(shi)勢，其(qi)言蓋出于縱(zong)橫家，故以‘長(chang)短’為名(ming)。”

《反經》是一千多年前(qian)唐(tang)朝人趙蕤所(suo)著。《反經》“不以(yi)成(cheng)敗論英雄(xiong)”，擺脫(tuo)了(le)以(yi)忠奸評價(jia)歷史人物的(de)傳統定式，以(yi)發展的(de)辯證唯物的(de)觀點對(dui)唐(tang)之前(qian)歷代智(zhi)謀權術(shu)做了(le)一次全面的(de)闡述(shu)和總結，真實生動地再現歷史事件，提醒(xing)人們對(dui)任(ren)何(he)人和事物，要(yao)“既知(zhi)(zhi)其(qi)一，又知(zhi)(zhi)其(qi)二”，不能“只(zhi)知(zhi)(zhi)其(qi)正(zheng)，不知(zhi)(zhi)其(qi)反”，真正(zheng)做到識(shi)人量才、知(zhi)(zhi)人善任(ren)。

史(shi)有《資(zi)治通鑒》，人所共知。但許多人不(bu)知道(dao)，唐(tang)宋以來(lai)，有兩本(ben)書歷來(lai)作(zuo)為(wei)領導者政治教(jiao)育必修的(de)(de)參(can)考書：一本(ben)是被(bei)歷代君臣推崇(chong)的(de)(de)從(cong)正面講謀略的(de)(de)《資(zi)治通鑒》；而另一本(ben)即不(bu)為(wei)人熟知的(de)(de)《反經》。

《反經(jing)(jing)》的(de)(de)整體(ti)(ti)框架以(yi)(yi)謀略為(wei)經(jing)(jing)，歷(li)史(shi)為(wei)緯，交錯縱橫，蔚然成章，加上譯注者(zhe)深(shen)厚的(de)(de)古今漢(han)語功底，使《反經(jing)(jing)》行文有(you)如流水、通俗易懂。書中所(suo)引的(de)(de)前代(dai)著(zhu)述(shu)經(jing)(jing)史(shi)子(zi)集(ji)(ji)幾(ji)乎無所(suo)不(bu)包，所(suo)引書目中更有(you)今已散佚的(de)(de)著(zhu)述(shu)，如《玉(yu)鈐(qian)經(jing)(jing)》、吳(wu)人(ren)張(zhang)微的(de)(de)《墨記》等。《反經(jing)(jing)》集(ji)(ji)政治(zhi)(zhi)學(xue)、謀略學(xue)、人(ren)才學(xue)、社(she)會(hui)學(xue)為(wei)一體(ti)(ti)，以(yi)(yi)振聾發(fa)(fa)聵的(de)(de)商論和令人(ren)警策的(de)(de)歷(li)史(shi)教訓，為(wei)現實(shi)生(sheng)活中的(de)(de)思想家、政治(zhi)(zhi)家、軍(jun)事家和實(shi)業家提供(gong)了(le)(le)卓有(you)成效的(de)(de)謀略武器并展現了(le)(le)無限生(sheng)機。書中充滿(man)了(le)(le)富于洞察力且實(shi)用的(de)(de)建(jian)議，深(shen)入淺出(chu)、言簡(jian)意(yi)賅、發(fa)(fa)人(ren)深(shen)省(sheng)。《反經(jing)(jing)》這本書兼(jian)具了(le)(le)文學(xue)、史(shi)料、鏡鑒(jian)三(san)重價值。

讀《反經》，以古為鏡，慎察既往，以戒今失(shi)。春(chun)風得意(yi)時(shi)不會得意(yi)忘形，樂極生悲。窮途末路處也許正是柳暗花明(ming)時(shi)，得失(shi)之(zhi)間，坦然淡定。

作者介紹

趙(zhao)蕤(ruí），字太賓，梓(zi)州鹽亭(ting)人（今四(si)(si)川省(sheng)鹽亭(ting)縣兩(liang)河鎮趙(zhao)家(jia)壩人），約生(sheng)于唐高宗(zong)顯(xian)慶四(si)(si)年(nian)(nian)(公(gong)元(yuan)659年(nian)(nian))，卒(zu)于唐玄(xuan)宗(zong)天寶元(yuan)年(nian)(nian)(公(gong)元(yuan)742年(nian)(nian))。唐代(dai)杰出(chu)的(de)道家(jia)與縱橫(heng)家(jia)。趙(zhao)蕤和李白是唐代(dai)的(de)“蜀(shu)中二杰”,以“趙(zhao)蕤術數,李白文章”并(bing)稱。

其他信息

書籍提要

紀曉嵐

唐(tang)趙蕤撰。孫(sun)光(guang)(guang)憲《北夢(meng)瑣(suo)言》載：“蕤，梓(zi)州(zhou)鹽亭(ting)人(ren)。博學(xue)韜鈐，長于經世。夫婦俱有隱操，不應辟召。”《唐(tang)書(shu)(shu)·藝(yi)文(wen)志(zhi)》亦載：“蕤，字(zi)太賓，梓(zi)州(zhou)人(ren)。開元中召之(zhi)不赴(fu)。”與(yu)光(guang)(guang)憲所紀(ji)略同(tong)。惟書(shu)(shu)名(ming)作《長短要(yao)術》為(wei)少異。蓋一(yi)書(shu)(shu)二名(ming)也。是書(shu)(shu)皆談(tan)王伯經權之(zhi)要(yao)，成于開元四年。自序稱凡六(liu)十(shi)三篇，合為(wei)十(shi)卷。《唐(tang)志(zhi)》與(yu)晁公武《讀書(shu)(shu)志(zhi)》卷數并同(tong)。今久(jiu)無(wu)刊(kan)本。

王土禎《居(ju)易錄》記徐(xu)乾學嘗得(de)宋槧于(yu)臨清(qing)。此本前有(you)“傅是(shi)樓”一印(yin)，又(you)有(you)“健庵收藏圖書(shu)”一印(yin)，后(hou)有(you)“乾學”一印(yin)。每(mei)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)未皆題(ti)(ti)“杭(hang)州(zhou)凈(jing)戒院(yuan)新(xin)印(yin)”七字。猶南宋舊刻(ke)，蓋(gai)(gai)即士(shi)(shi)禎所言(yan)(yan)(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)本。然僅存(cun)(cun)(cun)九(jiu)(jiu)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)。未有(you)洪武西已沈(shen)新(xin)民《跋(ba)》稱(cheng)(cheng)其(qi)“第(di)(di)(di)(di)十(shi)(shi)(shi)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)載陰謀家(jia)本闕，今存(cun)(cun)(cun)者(zhe)六(liu)十(shi)(shi)(shi)四篇(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)”云(yun)云(yun)。（案此《跋(ba)》全(quan)剿用(yong)晁公(gong)武之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)言(yan)(yan)(yan)，疑書(shu)賈(jia)偽(wei)托。）是(shi)佚其(qi)一卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)而(er)反多一篇(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)，與蕤(rui)《序(xu)》六(liu)十(shi)(shi)(shi)三(san)篇(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)數不(bu)(bu)(bu)合。然勘(kan)驗所存(cun)(cun)(cun)，實為篇(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)六(liu)十(shi)(shi)(shi)有(you)四。疑蕤(rui)《序(xu)》或(huo)傳寫之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)誤也。第(di)(di)(di)(di)一卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)八篇(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)，題(ti)(ti)曰(yue)(yue)“文(wen)(wen)上”；第(di)(di)(di)(di)三(san)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)四篇(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)，題(ti)(ti)曰(yue)(yue)“文(wen)(wen)下”；第(di)(di)(di)(di)二卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)四篇(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)，則有(you)子目而(er)無總題(ti)(ti)。以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)例推(tui)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，當脫“文(wen)(wen)中”二字。第(di)(di)(di)(di)四卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)一篇(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)，題(ti)(ti)曰(yue)(yue)“霸(ba)紀上”；第(di)(di)(di)(di)五卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)一篇(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)，論(lun)七雄之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事，題(ti)(ti)曰(yue)(yue)“霸(ba)紀中”；第(di)(di)(di)(di)六(liu)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)一篇(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)，論(lun)三(san)國之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事，亦(yi)無總題(ti)(ti)。以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)例推(tui)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，當脫“霸(ba)紀下”三(san)字；第(di)(di)(di)(di)七卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)二篇(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)，題(ti)(ti)曰(yue)(yue)“權議”；第(di)(di)(di)(di)八卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)十(shi)(shi)(shi)九(jiu)(jiu)篇(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)，題(ti)(ti)曰(yue)(yue)“雜說”；第(di)(di)(di)(di)九(jiu)(jiu)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)二十(shi)(shi)(shi)四篇(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)，題(ti)(ti)曰(yue)(yue)“兵(bing)權”。其(qi)第(di)(di)(di)(di)十(shi)(shi)(shi)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)所謂“陰謀”者(zhe)，則今不(bu)(bu)(bu)可考(kao)。篇(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)中注文(wen)(wen)頗詳，多引古書(shu)。蓋(gai)(gai)即蕤(rui)所自(zi)作。注首(shou)或(huo)標以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)“議曰(yue)(yue)”二字，或(huo)亦(yi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)標。體例不(bu)(bu)(bu)一，亦(yi)未詳其(qi)故也。劉向(xiang)序(xu)《戰國策》，稱(cheng)(cheng)或(huo)題(ti)(ti)曰(yue)(yue)“長(chang)短”。此書(shu)辨析(xi)事勢，其(qi)言(yan)(yan)(yan)蓋(gai)(gai)出(chu)于(yu)縱橫家(jia)，故以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)“長(chang)短”為名。雖因(yin)時制變(bian)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)免(mian)為事功(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)學。而(er)大旨主于(yu)實用(yong)，非策士(shi)(shi)詭譎之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)謀，其(qi)言(yan)(yan)(yan)固(gu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)悖于(yu)儒者(zhe)。其(qi)文(wen)(wen)格亦(yi)頗近荀悅《申鑒》、劉邵《人物志》，猶有(you)魏晉之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)遺。唐(tang)人著述，世遠(yuan)漸稀。雖佚十(shi)(shi)(shi)分之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)一，固(gu)當全(quan)璧視之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)矣。