生長與分布

分布范圍

由于(yu)原產地地理分布的(de)差(cha)異，在(zai)原產中國(guo)的(de)松(song)(song)樹中，樟子松(song)(song)、新(xin)疆五針松(song)(song)、偃松(song)(song)最(zui)耐寒，對(dui)熱(re)量要求(qiu)最(zui)低。紅松(song)(song)對(dui)熱(re)量要求(qiu)也較(jiao)低。赤松(song)(song)、油(you)松(song)(song)、白皮松(song)(song)、華山(shan)松(song)(song)、高(gao)(gao)山(shan)松(song)(song)、黃山(shan)松(song)(song)、巴山(shan)松(song)(song)為暖溫帶和(he)亞(ya)熱(re)帶高(gao)(gao)海拔地區樹種，對(dui)熱(re)量要求(qiu)中等。馬尾(wei)松(song)(song)、云(yun)南松(song)(song)、喬松(song)(song)和(he)思茅(mao)松(song)(song)分布于(yu)更靠南的(de)地區，要求(qiu)較(jiao)高(gao)(gao)的(de)熱(re)量。

南亞松(song)是熱帶松(song)樹，對熱量的(de)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)最高(gao)。對濕(shi)潤(run)(run)(run)條件(jian)的(de)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)，五針松(song)一般高(gao)于(yu)二針松(song)，但也因種而異。例如同為(wei)(wei)五針松(song)的(de)紅(hong)松(song)和(he)華(hua)山(shan)松(song)，前(qian)者(zhe)(zhe)比后者(zhe)(zhe)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)更濕(shi)潤(run)(run)(run)的(de)條件(jian)；同為(wei)(wei)二針松(song)的(de)赤(chi)松(song)和(he)馬尾松(song)對濕(shi)潤(run)(run)(run)狀況的(de)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)高(gao)于(yu)油松(song)和(he)云南松(song)。這與(yu)地理分布上(shang)隨經度而發(fa)生的(de)替代現象有(you)關。

生長環境

土壤要求

松樹(shu)本身適應力(li)較(jiao)強，因而(er)能(neng)夠(gou)(gou)在(zai)各種(zhong)(zhong)類型(xing)土壤中(zhong)生長(chang)，但土壤仍會對松樹(shu)生長(chang)的(de)(de)態勢產(chan)生直接的(de)(de)影響，所以應盡(jin)量選(xuan)擇肥沃土壤區(qu)域種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)，才能(neng)夠(gou)(gou)保證松樹(shu)的(de)(de)健康生長(chang)。如果是水分相對充足的(de)(de)區(qu)域，盡(jin)可能(neng)選(xuan)擇酸性土壤種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)松樹(shu)，但仍存(cun)在(zai)部分品種(zhong)(zhong)更適宜(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)在(zai)堿(jian)性土壤中(zhong)。

耐陰性

絕大多數松(song)樹(shu)(shu)喜(xi)歡光照，其外形具(ju)體表現在樹(shu)(shu)冠(guan)分布稀疏(shu)，自(zi)然(ran)整(zheng)枝能力極強，所以在生理方面，其補償點就不會與其他(ta)樹(shu)(shu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)高度相同。在成林過程當中，通常都(dou)會形成先(xian)鋒(feng)(feng)樹(shu)(shu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。一旦原始森林受到(dao)外力傷害，先(xian)鋒(feng)(feng)樹(shu)(shu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)就會迅速(su)發展，替代原有樹(shu)(shu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)位置，但其自(zi)身的(de)穩定(ding)性(xing)并不理想。若松(song)樹(shu)(shu)能夠(gou)形成特(te)定(ding)環境，耐陰性(xing)較強且長壽(shou)的(de)樹(shu)(shu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)就會替代，最終(zhong)使其喪失自(zi)身獨特(te)優勢。對(dui)于松(song)樹(shu)(shu)樹(shu)(shu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)而(er)言，大部分樹(shu)(shu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)都(dou)能夠(gou)互(hu)相進行替代，特(te)別是耐陰性(xing)理想的(de)樹(shu)(shu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，優勢顯著。

抗旱性

在(zai)松(song)(song)樹(shu)生(sheng)長的(de)(de)整(zheng)個過(guo)程中，其(qi)抗旱(han)性能極強(qiang)，受其(qi)抗旱(han)結構的(de)(de)影響，這種(zhong)類型的(de)(de)松(song)(song)樹(shu)，其(qi)葉子狹(xia)窄(zhai)而且角(jiao)質層(ceng)較為發(fa)達，葉片表面積(ji)與體積(ji)都(dou)相(xiang)對較小，而且氣(qi)(qi)孔通常都(dou)會出現下陷情況。但(dan)是(shi)，在(zai)組織發(fa)育(yu)方面相(xiang)對理想，站在(zai)生(sheng)理角(jiao)度分析，耐寒性與耐旱(han)性很強(qiang)，所(suo)以并不會受到(dao)缺水(shui)影響而受到(dao)損傷。而站在(zai)生(sheng)態角(jiao)度分析，松(song)(song)樹(shu)屬于(yu)最(zui)常見的(de)(de)一種(zhong)旱(han)生(sheng)植物(wu)，，即(ji)便氣(qi)(qi)候條件(jian)差異(yi)較大(da)的(de)(de)區(qu)域，同樣(yang)能夠(gou)使(shi)松(song)(song)樹(shu)健康地生(sheng)存”。絕大(da)多數松(song)(song)樹(shu)都(dou)在(zai)干旱(han)條件(jian)且土壤稀薄(bo)區(qu)域生(sheng)長，其(qi)中，二針松(song)(song)與五針松(song)(song)相(xiang)比，其(qi)抗旱(han)能力(li)更強(qiang)。由此可見，若土壤當中的(de)(de)含水(shui)量過(guo)大(da)，會嚴重(zhong)影響松(song)(song)樹(shu)的(de)(de)正常生(sheng)長。

生長氣候

松(song)(song)(song)樹(shu)的(de)(de)原產(chan)地分布具有(you)顯(xian)著的(de)(de)不同(tong)(tong)之(zhi)處(chu)，一般(ban)情況下，樟子松(song)(song)(song)與(yu)五針(zhen)松(song)(song)(song)等具有(you)極強的(de)(de)耐寒性，所以在(zai)(zai)(zai)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植方面對于(yu)(yu)(yu)熱(re)(re)(re)量(liang)要(yao)求并不高(gao)(gao)。而(er)(er)油松(song)(song)(song)、白(bai)皮(pi)松(song)(song)(song)與(yu)赤(chi)松(song)(song)(song)等屬于(yu)(yu)(yu)暖(nuan)溫帶(dai)與(yu)亞熱(re)(re)(re)帶(dai)高(gao)(gao)海拔(ba)區域所特有(you)的(de)(de)樹(shu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，因而(er)(er)對于(yu)(yu)(yu)熱(re)(re)(re)量(liang)的(de)(de)要(yao)求要(yao)遠遠高(gao)(gao)于(yu)(yu)(yu)五針(zhen)松(song)(song)(song)。馬尾松(song)(song)(song)、喬松(song)(song)(song)以及云南(nan)松(song)(song)(song)等主要(yao)分布于(yu)(yu)(yu)南(nan)方區域，其(qi)對于(yu)(yu)(yu)熱(re)(re)(re)量(liang)要(yao)求會更高(gao)(gao)-一些。而(er)(er)南(nan)亞松(song)(song)(song)在(zai)(zai)(zai)所有(you)的(de)(de)松(song)(song)(song)樹(shu)樹(shu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)當(dang)中，其(qi)對于(yu)(yu)(yu)熱(re)(re)(re)量(liang)要(yao)求最高(gao)(gao)。在(zai)(zai)(zai)濕(shi)潤條件(jian)方面，五針(zhen)松(song)(song)(song)和二針(zhen)松(song)(song)(song)相比，在(zai)(zai)(zai)濕(shi)度(du)(du)方面的(de)(de)要(yao)求更高(gao)(gao)，但同(tong)(tong)樣與(yu)樹(shu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)存在(zai)(zai)(zai)緊(jin)密的(de)(de)聯系。雖(sui)然(ran)華山松(song)(song)(song)與(yu)紅松(song)(song)(song)都是(shi)五針(zhen)松(song)(song)(song)的(de)(de)樹(shu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，但濕(shi)度(du)(du)要(yao)求卻存在(zai)(zai)(zai)不同(tong)(tong)之(zhi)處(chu)，紅松(song)(song)(song)所需濕(shi)度(du)(du)更高(gao)(gao)。另(ling)外，五尾松(song)(song)(song)與(yu)赤(chi)松(song)(song)(song)都是(shi)二針(zhen)松(song)(song)(song)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)濕(shi)潤條件(jian)方面的(de)(de)需求仍然(ran)不同(tong)(tong)，與(yu)植物分布的(de)(de)地理位置也存在(zai)(zai)(zai)一定的(de)(de)關聯。

形態及特征

松(song)樹較幼時(shi)的樹冠呈金字(zi)塔(ta)形，樹枝多呈輪狀著(zhu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)。幼苗出土、子葉(xie)(xie)(xie)展開以后(hou)，首(shou)先著(zhu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的為初(chu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)，單(dan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)，螺旋狀排列，線(xian)狀披針形，葉(xie)(xie)(xie)緣具齒。初(chu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)行使葉(xie)(xie)(xie)的功能(neng)1～3年(nian)后(hou)，才出現針葉(xie)(xie)(xie)，通常2、3、5枚成束(shu)，著(zhu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)于短枝的頂端。每束(shu)針葉(xie)(xie)(xie)基部有(you)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)鞘，早期脫落或宿存。葉(xie)(xie)(xie)肉組織中的樹脂道的位置(zhi)在成年(nian)植株比較恒定，可(ke)分為外生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)、中生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)、內生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)3種類型。

松樹(shu)針葉(xie)橫切面中可見(jian)1或2個維管(guan)束(shu)，特殊環境下可在雙維管(guan)束(shu)松樹(shu)中出(chu)現維管(guan)束(shu)合并的情(qing)況。球花單性(xing)，雌雄同株。球果多數由種(zhong)(zhong)鱗組成(cheng)，成(cheng)熟后(hou)木(mu)質(zhi)化。種(zhong)(zhong)鱗的裸露(lu)增厚部分稱(cheng)鱗盾，鱗盾先端的瘤狀(zhuang)突起稱(cheng)鱗臍(qi)。有的樹(shu)種(zhong)(zhong)鱗臍(qi)具(ju)(ju)(ju)刺，有的無。球果成(cheng)熟時(shi)種(zhong)(zhong)鱗張(zhang)開(kai)，種(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)脫落；但(dan)少數樹(shu)種(zhong)(zhong)種(zhong)(zhong)鱗則長(chang)期保持(chi)關閉狀(zhuang)態。每個種(zhong)(zhong)鱗具(ju)(ju)(ju)種(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)2粒，種(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)上部具(ju)(ju)(ju)一長(chang)翅，少數具(ju)(ju)(ju)短(duan)翅或無翅。

松樹最明(ming)顯(xian)的(de)(de)特征(zheng)是葉(xie)(xie)成針(zhen)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)，常2針(zhen)、3針(zhen)或(huo)(huo)5針(zhen)一(yi)(yi)束(shu)。如油松、馬(ma)尾松、黃山松的(de)(de)葉(xie)(xie)2針(zhen)一(yi)(yi)束(shu)，白皮松的(de)(de)葉(xie)(xie)3針(zhen)一(yi)(yi)束(shu)，紅(hong)松、華山松、五針(zhen)松的(de)(de)葉(xie)(xie)5針(zhen)一(yi)(yi)束(shu)。松樹為雌雄同(tong)株植物，而且孢子葉(xie)(xie)成球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)果狀(zhuang)(zhuang)排列，形成雌、雄球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)花(hua)。雌球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)花(hua)單個或(huo)(huo)2一(yi)(yi)4個著生于(yu)新(xin)枝頂端，雄球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)花(hua)多數(shu)聚集于(yu)新(xin)枝下部。松樹的(de)(de)球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)花(hua)一(yi)(yi)般于(yu)春夏季開(kai)放(fang)，但花(hua)粉傳(chuan)到雌球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)花(hua)上(shang)后，要(yao)到第二年初(chu)夏才萌發(fa)(fa)，使雌花(hua)受精，發(fa)(fa)育成球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)果（俗稱松塔或(huo)(huo)松球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)，不(bu)是果實）。球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)果于(yu)秋后成熟，種鱗張開(kai)，每個種鱗具兩粒種子。

松(song)屬植(zhi)物中(zhong)的(de)多(duo)數種(zhong)類是高大(da)挺拔的(de)喬木(mu)，而且材(cai)質好，不乏棟(dong)梁之(zhi)材(cai)。中(zhong)國(guo)東北的(de)“木(mu)材(cai)之(zhi)王”——紅(hong)松(song)、北美西部(bu)廣為分布(bu)的(de)高大(da)樹種(zhong)（高達75米(mi)）—西黃松(song)、原產(chan)于(yu)美國(guo)加(jia)州(zhou)沿海生長速度最快的(de)松(song)樹——輻(fu)射松(song)、原產(chan)于(yu)美國(guo)東南部(bu)的(de)濕地松(song)、美洲加(jia)勒比海地區原產(chan)的(de)加(jia)勒比松(song)、廣布(bu)于(yu)歐(ou)亞大(da)陸西部(bu)和北部(bu)的(de)歐(ou)洲赤松(song)等等，都是著名(ming)的(de)用材(cai)樹種(zhong)。

松(song)樹(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)觀賞價(jia)值也是(shi)有目共睹的(de)(de)(de)(de)。在中國(guo)，從(cong)皇家古典園(yuan)林到(dao)(dao)現(xian)代居民家中都能見(jian)到(dao)(dao)松(song)樹(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)倩影(ying)，例如北京(jing)北海、頤和(he)園(yuan)中的(de)(de)(de)(de)油松(song)、白皮松(song)，樹(shu)(shu)樁(zhuang)盆景中廣泛使用的(de)(de)(de)(de)五針松(song)等，一(yi)些名(ming)(ming)山(shan)勝地(di)，更是(shi)山(shan)以(yi)松(song)壯(zhuang)勢、松(song)以(yi)山(shan)出名(ming)(ming)。黃山(shan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)迎客松(song)、華(hua)(hua)山(shan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)華(hua)(hua)山(shan)松(song)、長(chang)(chang)(chang)白山(shan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)美人松(song)……無(wu)一(yi)不令(ling)游人贊嘆。另外(wai)，松(song)樹(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)樹(shu)(shu)根(gen)部(bu)位常常會有大型真菌生長(chang)(chang)(chang)。它們有的(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)木(mu)腐菌，可以(yi)對(dui)松(song)樹(shu)(shu)進行分解，造(zao)成樹(shu)(shu)木(mu)根(gen)腐；有的(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)外(wai)生菌根(gen)菌，可以(yi)與松(song)樹(shu)(shu)互換營養(yang)，防止樹(shu)(shu)木(mu)營養(yang)缺(que)乏(fa)，從(cong)而導致影(ying)響生長(chang)(chang)(chang)。成熟后高達45米(mi)，胸徑1.5米(mi)；樹(shu)(shu)皮紅褐(he)(he)色(se)，下部(bu)灰褐(he)(he)色(se)，裂(lie)成不規則的(de)(de)(de)(de)鱗狀塊片；枝平展(zhan)或(huo)(huo)斜(xie)展(zhan)，樹(shu)(shu)冠(guan)寬塔形(xing)或(huo)(huo)傘形(xing)，枝條每年(nian)生長(chang)(chang)(chang)一(yi)輪(lun)，但在廣東南部(bu)則通常生長(chang)(chang)(chang)兩輪(lun)，淡(dan)黃褐(he)(he)色(se)，無(wu)白粉，稀有白粉，無(wu)毛；冬芽(ya)卵狀圓柱形(xing)或(huo)(huo)圓柱形(xing)，褐(he)(he)色(se)，頂端尖，芽(ya)鱗邊(bian)緣絲狀，先端尖或(huo)(huo)成漸尖的(de)(de)(de)(de)長(chang)(chang)(chang)尖頭，微反曲。

繁殖方式

松(song)樹(shu)的苗木繁育(yu)(yu)(yu)主要采用種(zhong)子育(yu)(yu)(yu)苗或者(zhe)用枝條(tiao)進行(xing)扦插，此外，另有由我國研究(jiu)人(ren)員創立(li)的直接用松(song)樹(shu)的針葉(xie)束進行(xing)無性(xing)系(xi)，苗木繁育(yu)(yu)(yu)的方(fang)法(fa)，即：針葉(xie)束育(yu)(yu)(yu)苗。

價值及其他

觀賞

松樹(shu)(shu)除經(jing)濟用途外，由于其(qi)樹(shu)(shu)姿雄偉、蒼勁，樹(shu)(shu)體高(gao)大、長(chang)壽，還具有(you)重(zhong)要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)觀賞價值。它是中(zhong)國(guo)很多風(feng)景區(qu)的(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)要(yao)景觀成(cheng)分。如遼寧千山(shan)、山(shan)東(dong)泰山(shan)、江西(xi)廬山(shan)都以松樹(shu)(shu)景色而(er)馳名。尤(you)其(qi)是安徽的(de)(de)(de)黃山(shan)，松、云、石號稱(cheng)“三(san)絕”，而(er)以松為首。各地不少古(gu)松與(yu)中(zhong)國(guo)悠久的(de)(de)(de)歷史文化有(you)密切聯系。如北京(jing)北海團城有(you)一株800年(nian)生的(de)(de)(de)古(gu)松，傳說(shuo)曾被清乾隆封為“遮陰(yin)侯”；泰山(shan)“五大夫(fu)松”傳說(shuo)是秦始皇登山(shan)在此避雨而(er)被封以官(guan)爵(jue)的(de)(de)(de)。中(zhong)國(guo)人民把松樹(shu)(shu)作為堅定、貞(zhen)潔、長(chang)壽的(de)(de)(de)象(xiang)征。松、竹、梅世稱(cheng)“歲寒三(san)友”，喻(yu)不畏(wei)逆境、戰勝困難(nan)的(de)(de)(de)堅韌精神(shen)。

工業

按照結(jie)構特征和(he)材(cai)(cai)性，一般(ban)將松樹(shu)分為(wei)軟(ruan)木(mu)(mu)(mu)松和(he)硬(ying)木(mu)(mu)(mu)松。軟(ruan)木(mu)(mu)(mu)松（即(ji)單維(wei)管(guan)束(shu)亞屬(shu)）比較(jiao)輕軟(ruan)，紋理均勻，強(qiang)度小，加工(gong)(gong)容(rong)易(yi)，早材(cai)(cai)至晚材(cai)(cai)漸變，少翅裂。硬(ying)木(mu)(mu)(mu)松（即(ji)雙維(wei)管(guan)束(shu)亞屬(shu)）比較(jiao)重(zhong)硬(ying)，紋理不均勻，強(qiang)度較(jiao)大，加工(gong)(gong)較(jiao)難，早材(cai)(cai)至晚材(cai)(cai)急(ji)變，松脂含量高。但屬(shu)于軟(ruan)木(mu)(mu)(mu)松中的(de)海南五針松和(he)華南五針松在強(qiang)度和(he)容(rong)重(zhong)上接近于硬(ying)木(mu)(mu)(mu)松。松樹(shu)木(mu)(mu)(mu)材(cai)(cai)可供建筑(zhu)、電桿、枕木(mu)(mu)(mu)、礦柱、橋梁(liang)、農具(ju)(ju)、器具(ju)(ju)、家具(ju)(ju)等多(duo)種(zhong)(zhong)用途。各種(zhong)(zhong)松木(mu)(mu)(mu)的(de)纖維(wei)素含量約為(wei)50～60%，木(mu)(mu)(mu)質素為(wei)25～30%，為(wei)制(zhi)漿造紙工(gong)(gong)業重(zhong)要的(de)原料之(zhi)一。松樹(shu)也可用作(zuo)薪(xin)炭材(cai)(cai)。

從松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)干割(ge)取(qu)松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)脂可(ke)以提取(qu)松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)香和松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)節油(you)(you)。松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)種(zhong)子富含蛋(dan)白質和油(you)(you)脂，含油(you)(you)量都在30%以上，其中具食用(yong)價(jia)值的(de)(de)(de)(de)有(you)20種(zhong)，如(ru)產于中國的(de)(de)(de)(de)有(you)紅(hong)(hong)松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)、偃(yan)松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)、華山松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)等(deng)。紅(hong)(hong)松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)的(de)(de)(de)(de)種(zhong)子還(huan)可(ke)入(ru)藥(yao)，藥(yao)名“海松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)子”，是(shi)一種(zhong)滋(zi)養(yang)(yang)強壯劑。松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)皮、種(zhong)皮富含單寧，可(ke)浸(jin)水提取(qu)栲膠。樹(shu)(shu)(shu)皮經粉碎(sui)后(hou)，與其他原料(liao)混合，加壓可(ke)制成硬(ying)纖維板。此外還(huan)可(ke)從松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)針葉中提取(qu)松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)針揮發油(you)(you)。針葉中含有(you)較(jiao)豐富的(de)(de)(de)(de)胡蘿卜素(su)(su)、維生素(su)(su)、脂肪、蛋(dan)白質以及鈣、磷等(deng)多種(zhong)礦質元素(su)(su)，可(ke)加工(gong)成飼(si)料(liao)添加劑，用(yong)來飼(si)養(yang)(yang)家(jia)禽、家(jia)畜。利用(yong)松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)枝、松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)根在窯內進(jin)行(xing)不(bu)完全(quan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)燃燒(shao)，可(ke)制得松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)煙(yan)（見(jian)木材干餾），用(yong)于制造墨、油(you)(you)墨和黑色涂料(liao)。松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)枝和松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)根還(huan)是(shi)培養(yang)(yang)名貴藥(yao)材茯苓的(de)(de)(de)(de)原料(liao)。

綜上所述，松針以其鮮為人知的驚人功效和(he)覆(fu)蓋全國(guo)的豐富資源(yuan)，必將成保健(jian)產業革命(ming)的標(biao)志性產品。

馬尾松(song)的(de)葉(xie)——松(song)針有(you)極(ji)大的(de)藥(yao)用價值，最早(zao)由孫思邈發現，主要是(shi)清除人(ren)體自由基，可防暈車，可煨水(shui)、泡酒，延年益(yi)壽。

藥用

松(song)針(zhen)是松(song)樹(shu)藥用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)代表部位(wei)，味(wei)苦(ku)、無毒(du)、藥性溫和(he)(he)，它(ta)的(de)(de)(de)提取(qu)物(wu)中(zhong)含有(you)(you)植物(wu)酵素(su)、植物(wu)纖維、生長激松(song) 針(zhen)素(su)、蛋白(bai)質(zhi)、脂(zhi)肪和(he)(he) 2 4種(zhong)氨基酸(suan)，松(song) 針(zhen)具 有(you)(you)降血(xue)(xue)壓的(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)用(yong)。松(song)針(zhen)中(zhong)含有(you)(you)豐富的(de)(de)(de)β-胡(hu)蘿卜素(su)、維生素(su)C、維生素(su)E，這(zhe)三(san)種(zhong)物(wu)質(zhi)被稱為抗氧化的(de)(de)(de)“金三(san)角”，三(san)者共同保護人(ren)(ren)(ren)體(ti)組(zu)織(zhi)細(xi)胞(bao)(bao)免受氧化，延長細(xi)胞(bao)(bao)的(de)(de)(de)壽命(ming)。松(song)針(zhen)提取(qu)物(wu)前花青(qing)素(su) (PCA)是一(yi)種(zhong)能力超(chao)強的(de)(de)(de)天(tian)然(ran)抗氧化劑，前花青(qing)素(su)是世(shi)界上迄今為止文獻(xian)記(ji)載和(he)(he)實驗(yan)室發現最(zui)強的(de)(de)(de)天(tian)然(ran)抗氧化(抗衰老)物(wu)質(zhi)!它(ta)有(you)(you)優異的(de)(de)(de)清(qing)除多種(zhong)有(you)(you)害自(zi)由(you)基的(de)(de)(de)功效，與其他植物(wu)抗氧化劑相比，前花青(qing)素(su)對超(chao)氧化物(wu)陰離子自(zi)由(you)基和(he)(he)羥(qian)自(zi)由(you)基的(de)(de)(de)清(qing)除能力更勝一(yi)籌(chou)；松(song)針(zhen)精油和(he)(he)松(song)針(zhen)黃酮有(you)(you)獨特的(de)(de)(de)水溶(rong)性，能和(he)(he)松(song)針(zhen)所含的(de)(de)(de)不飽和(he)(he)脂(zhi)肪酸(suan)透(tou)過(guo)血(xue)(xue)管(guan)壁進入血(xue)(xue)液：通(tong)過(guo)增加膽汁分泌，減少膽固(gu)醇(chun)的(de)(de)(de)積累(lei)，通(tong)過(guo)清(qing)除膽固(gu)醇(chun)，預防動脈(mo)硬化、擴(kuo)張末梢血(xue)(xue)管(guan)、改善紅細(xi)胞(bao)(bao)攜氧能力，促進人(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)血(xue)(xue)液循(xun)環。人(ren)(ren)(ren)類心腦血(xue)(xue)管(guan)疾病的(de)(de)(de)幾大(da)癥狀：心絞痛、心悸、喘(chuan)息、浮腫、暈眩、呼吸困難(nan)，飲(yin)用(yong)松(song)針(zhen)茶(cha)后，都得到(dao)了改善多種(zhong)實驗(yan)證明。