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生長與分布

分布范圍

由(you)于原產地地理分(fen)(fen)布的差異，在原產中國的松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)樹中，樟子松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)、新疆五針松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)、偃松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)最(zui)耐寒，對(dui)熱(re)量(liang)要(yao)(yao)求最(zui)低。紅(hong)松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)對(dui)熱(re)量(liang)要(yao)(yao)求也較(jiao)低。赤松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)、油(you)松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)、白皮松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)、華山(shan)松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)、高山(shan)松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)、黃山(shan)松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)、巴山(shan)松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)為暖(nuan)溫帶(dai)和亞熱(re)帶(dai)高海(hai)拔(ba)地區(qu)樹種，對(dui)熱(re)量(liang)要(yao)(yao)求中等。馬尾松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)、云南松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)、喬松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)和思茅(mao)松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)分(fen)(fen)布于更靠南的地區(qu)，要(yao)(yao)求較(jiao)高的熱(re)量(liang)。

南亞(ya)松(song)是熱帶(dai)松(song)樹，對(dui)熱量的(de)要求(qiu)最高(gao)。對(dui)濕(shi)潤(run)條件的(de)要求(qiu)，五針(zhen)松(song)一般高(gao)于二(er)針(zhen)松(song)，但也因種而異。例如(ru)同為(wei)五針(zhen)松(song)的(de)紅(hong)松(song)和(he)華山松(song)，前(qian)者(zhe)比后者(zhe)要求(qiu)更濕(shi)潤(run)的(de)條件；同為(wei)二(er)針(zhen)松(song)的(de)赤(chi)松(song)和(he)馬尾(wei)松(song)對(dui)濕(shi)潤(run)狀況的(de)要求(qiu)高(gao)于油松(song)和(he)云南松(song)。這與(yu)地理(li)分布上隨(sui)經(jing)度而發生的(de)替代現(xian)象有關(guan)。

生長環境

土壤要求

松(song)樹(shu)本身適應(ying)力較強，因(yin)而(er)能(neng)夠在各種類型(xing)土(tu)壤(rang)中生(sheng)長(chang)，但(dan)土(tu)壤(rang)仍(reng)會對松(song)樹(shu)生(sheng)長(chang)的(de)態勢產生(sheng)直接(jie)的(de)影響，所以應(ying)盡量選擇肥(fei)沃(wo)土(tu)壤(rang)區(qu)域種植，才能(neng)夠保(bao)證松(song)樹(shu)的(de)健康生(sheng)長(chang)。如果是水分相(xiang)對充足的(de)區(qu)域，盡可能(neng)選擇酸性(xing)土(tu)壤(rang)種植松(song)樹(shu)，但(dan)仍(reng)存在部分品種更(geng)適宜(yi)種植在堿性(xing)土(tu)壤(rang)中。

耐陰性

絕大多數松(song)(song)樹(shu)喜歡(huan)光照，其(qi)外形具體表現(xian)在樹(shu)冠分(fen)(fen)布(bu)稀(xi)疏，自(zi)然整(zheng)枝(zhi)能(neng)(neng)力極強，所(suo)以在生理方面，其(qi)補償點就(jiu)不(bu)(bu)會(hui)與其(qi)他(ta)樹(shu)種(zhong)高度相同。在成(cheng)林(lin)過程(cheng)當中，通常都(dou)會(hui)形成(cheng)先鋒樹(shu)種(zhong)。一(yi)旦原始森林(lin)受到外力傷害，先鋒樹(shu)種(zhong)就(jiu)會(hui)迅速發展(zhan)，替(ti)代(dai)(dai)原有樹(shu)種(zhong)位置，但(dan)其(qi)自(zi)身的穩定(ding)性(xing)(xing)并不(bu)(bu)理想。若松(song)(song)樹(shu)能(neng)(neng)夠(gou)形成(cheng)特(te)定(ding)環境，耐陰性(xing)(xing)較強且(qie)長壽(shou)的樹(shu)種(zhong)就(jiu)會(hui)替(ti)代(dai)(dai)，最終使其(qi)喪(sang)失自(zi)身獨(du)特(te)優勢(shi)。對于(yu)松(song)(song)樹(shu)樹(shu)種(zhong)而言，大部分(fen)(fen)樹(shu)種(zhong)都(dou)能(neng)(neng)夠(gou)互(hu)相進(jin)行(xing)替(ti)代(dai)(dai)，特(te)別是耐陰性(xing)(xing)理想的樹(shu)種(zhong)，優勢(shi)顯著。

抗旱性

在松(song)樹(shu)生(sheng)長的(de)(de)整個過程中，其抗(kang)旱(han)性(xing)(xing)能(neng)極(ji)強，受(shou)其抗(kang)旱(han)結構的(de)(de)影(ying)響，這種類型(xing)的(de)(de)松(song)樹(shu)，其葉子(zi)狹窄而(er)(er)且(qie)(qie)角(jiao)(jiao)質(zhi)層較為發(fa)達，葉片表面積(ji)與體積(ji)都(dou)相(xiang)對較小，而(er)(er)且(qie)(qie)氣(qi)孔通常都(dou)會(hui)出現下(xia)陷(xian)情(qing)況(kuang)。但是，在組織發(fa)育方面相(xiang)對理(li)想，站在生(sheng)理(li)角(jiao)(jiao)度分析(xi)，耐寒(han)性(xing)(xing)與耐旱(han)性(xing)(xing)很強，所以并不會(hui)受(shou)到缺水(shui)影(ying)響而(er)(er)受(shou)到損傷。而(er)(er)站在生(sheng)態角(jiao)(jiao)度分析(xi)，松(song)樹(shu)屬(shu)于最常見(jian)的(de)(de)一種旱(han)生(sheng)植物，，即便氣(qi)候條件差異較大的(de)(de)區域(yu)，同樣能(neng)夠使(shi)松(song)樹(shu)健(jian)康地生(sheng)存”。絕(jue)大多數松(song)樹(shu)都(dou)在干旱(han)條件且(qie)(qie)土(tu)壤稀薄區域(yu)生(sheng)長，其中，二針松(song)與五針松(song)相(xiang)比，其抗(kang)旱(han)能(neng)力更強。由此(ci)可見(jian)，若土(tu)壤當中的(de)(de)含水(shui)量過大，會(hui)嚴重影(ying)響松(song)樹(shu)的(de)(de)正常生(sheng)長。

生長氣候

松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)樹(shu)的(de)原產地分布具有(you)(you)顯著的(de)不同(tong)之(zhi)處(chu)，一般情(qing)況下，樟子松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)與(yu)五針(zhen)松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)等具有(you)(you)極強的(de)耐寒性，所(suo)以在(zai)種(zhong)植(zhi)方(fang)(fang)面(mian)對于(yu)(yu)熱(re)量(liang)要(yao)求(qiu)并不高(gao)(gao)(gao)。而油松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)、白皮松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)與(yu)赤松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)等屬于(yu)(yu)暖溫帶與(yu)亞熱(re)帶高(gao)(gao)(gao)海(hai)拔區(qu)(qu)域所(suo)特有(you)(you)的(de)樹(shu)種(zhong)，因而對于(yu)(yu)熱(re)量(liang)的(de)要(yao)求(qiu)要(yao)遠遠高(gao)(gao)(gao)于(yu)(yu)五針(zhen)松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)。馬尾松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)、喬松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)以及云南松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)等主要(yao)分布于(yu)(yu)南方(fang)(fang)區(qu)(qu)域，其對于(yu)(yu)熱(re)量(liang)要(yao)求(qiu)會更(geng)高(gao)(gao)(gao)-一些。而南亞松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)在(zai)所(suo)有(you)(you)的(de)松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)樹(shu)樹(shu)種(zhong)當中，其對于(yu)(yu)熱(re)量(liang)要(yao)求(qiu)最(zui)高(gao)(gao)(gao)。在(zai)濕潤(run)條件方(fang)(fang)面(mian)，五針(zhen)松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)和二針(zhen)松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)相比，在(zai)濕度方(fang)(fang)面(mian)的(de)要(yao)求(qiu)更(geng)高(gao)(gao)(gao)，但(dan)同(tong)樣與(yu)樹(shu)種(zhong)存(cun)在(zai)緊密的(de)聯系。雖然華山松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)與(yu)紅松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)都是五針(zhen)松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)的(de)樹(shu)種(zhong)，但(dan)濕度要(yao)求(qiu)卻存(cun)在(zai)不同(tong)之(zhi)處(chu)，紅松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)所(suo)需濕度更(geng)高(gao)(gao)(gao)。另(ling)外，五尾松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)與(yu)赤松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)都是二針(zhen)松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)，在(zai)濕潤(run)條件方(fang)(fang)面(mian)的(de)需求(qiu)仍(reng)然不同(tong)，與(yu)植(zhi)物分布的(de)地理位置也存(cun)在(zai)一定的(de)關聯。

形態及特征

松(song)樹(shu)較幼時的(de)(de)樹(shu)冠呈(cheng)(cheng)金(jin)字塔形(xing)，樹(shu)枝多(duo)呈(cheng)(cheng)輪狀著(zhu)生(sheng)。幼苗出土、子(zi)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)展開以后，首先著(zhu)生(sheng)的(de)(de)為(wei)初生(sheng)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)，單生(sheng)，螺旋狀排(pai)列(lie)，線(xian)狀披針形(xing)，葉(xie)(xie)(xie)緣具(ju)齒。初生(sheng)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)行使(shi)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)的(de)(de)功(gong)能1～3年(nian)后，才出現針葉(xie)(xie)(xie)，通常(chang)2、3、5枚成束，著(zhu)生(sheng)于短枝的(de)(de)頂端。每束針葉(xie)(xie)(xie)基部有葉(xie)(xie)(xie)鞘，早期(qi)脫落或宿存。葉(xie)(xie)(xie)肉組織中(zhong)的(de)(de)樹(shu)脂道的(de)(de)位(wei)置(zhi)在成年(nian)植(zhi)株比較恒定，可(ke)分(fen)為(wei)外生(sheng)、中(zhong)生(sheng)、內生(sheng)3種類型。

松樹(shu)針葉橫(heng)切(qie)面中(zhong)可見(jian)1或2個(ge)維(wei)管(guan)束，特(te)殊(shu)環境下可在雙維(wei)管(guan)束松樹(shu)中(zhong)出現維(wei)管(guan)束合并的(de)情況。球(qiu)花(hua)單性，雌雄(xiong)同株。球(qiu)果多數由種(zhong)(zhong)鱗(lin)(lin)組成，成熟后木質(zhi)化。種(zhong)(zhong)鱗(lin)(lin)的(de)裸露(lu)增厚部分稱鱗(lin)(lin)盾(dun)，鱗(lin)(lin)盾(dun)先端的(de)瘤狀突起稱鱗(lin)(lin)臍。有(you)的(de)樹(shu)種(zhong)(zhong)鱗(lin)(lin)臍具刺(ci)，有(you)的(de)無(wu)。球(qiu)果成熟時種(zhong)(zhong)鱗(lin)(lin)張開，種(zhong)(zhong)子脫落；但少(shao)數樹(shu)種(zhong)(zhong)種(zhong)(zhong)鱗(lin)(lin)則(ze)長期保持關閉狀態。每(mei)個(ge)種(zhong)(zhong)鱗(lin)(lin)具種(zhong)(zhong)子2粒(li)，種(zhong)(zhong)子上部具一(yi)長翅(chi)，少(shao)數具短翅(chi)或無(wu)翅(chi)。

松(song)(song)(song)(song)樹最明顯的(de)(de)特(te)征是葉(xie)成(cheng)針(zhen)狀，常2針(zhen)、3針(zhen)或5針(zhen)一(yi)(yi)(yi)束(shu)。如油松(song)(song)(song)(song)、馬尾松(song)(song)(song)(song)、黃山(shan)(shan)松(song)(song)(song)(song)的(de)(de)葉(xie)2針(zhen)一(yi)(yi)(yi)束(shu)，白皮松(song)(song)(song)(song)的(de)(de)葉(xie)3針(zhen)一(yi)(yi)(yi)束(shu)，紅(hong)松(song)(song)(song)(song)、華山(shan)(shan)松(song)(song)(song)(song)、五(wu)針(zhen)松(song)(song)(song)(song)的(de)(de)葉(xie)5針(zhen)一(yi)(yi)(yi)束(shu)。松(song)(song)(song)(song)樹為(wei)雌雄同株植物，而且孢(bao)子葉(xie)成(cheng)球(qiu)果(guo)狀排列(lie)，形成(cheng)雌、雄球(qiu)花(hua)。雌球(qiu)花(hua)單個或2一(yi)(yi)(yi)4個著生于(yu)新枝頂端，雄球(qiu)花(hua)多數聚(ju)集于(yu)新枝下部。松(song)(song)(song)(song)樹的(de)(de)球(qiu)花(hua)一(yi)(yi)(yi)般于(yu)春夏季(ji)開放(fang)，但花(hua)粉傳到雌球(qiu)花(hua)上后，要到第二年初(chu)夏才(cai)萌發(fa)，使雌花(hua)受精，發(fa)育成(cheng)球(qiu)果(guo)（俗(su)稱松(song)(song)(song)(song)塔或松(song)(song)(song)(song)球(qiu)，不是果(guo)實）。球(qiu)果(guo)于(yu)秋后成(cheng)熟，種鱗張開，每個種鱗具(ju)兩粒種子。

松(song)屬(shu)植物中的(de)(de)多數(shu)種類(lei)是(shi)高(gao)大(da)挺拔的(de)(de)喬木，而且材質好，不乏棟梁之(zhi)材。中國東(dong)北的(de)(de)“木材之(zhi)王”——紅(hong)松(song)、北美西部(bu)廣為分布的(de)(de)高(gao)大(da)樹種（高(gao)達(da)75米）—西黃松(song)、原產于美國加州(zhou)沿(yan)海生(sheng)長速度最快的(de)(de)松(song)樹——輻射松(song)、原產于美國東(dong)南部(bu)的(de)(de)濕地(di)松(song)、美洲加勒比海地(di)區原產的(de)(de)加勒比松(song)、廣布于歐亞(ya)大(da)陸西部(bu)和北部(bu)的(de)(de)歐洲赤(chi)松(song)等等，都是(shi)著名的(de)(de)用(yong)材樹種。

松(song)(song)(song)(song)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)觀賞價值也是(shi)(shi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)目共睹(du)的(de)(de)。在(zai)中(zhong)國(guo)，從(cong)皇家古典園林到(dao)現代居民家中(zhong)都能見到(dao)松(song)(song)(song)(song)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)倩影(ying)(ying)，例如(ru)北(bei)京北(bei)海、頤和(he)園中(zhong)的(de)(de)油松(song)(song)(song)(song)、白(bai)(bai)(bai)皮松(song)(song)(song)(song)，樹(shu)(shu)(shu)樁盆景中(zhong)廣(guang)泛(fan)使用(yong)的(de)(de)五(wu)針(zhen)松(song)(song)(song)(song)等(deng)，一(yi)些名山(shan)(shan)勝地，更是(shi)(shi)山(shan)(shan)以松(song)(song)(song)(song)壯(zhuang)勢(shi)、松(song)(song)(song)(song)以山(shan)(shan)出名。黃山(shan)(shan)的(de)(de)迎(ying)客松(song)(song)(song)(song)、華山(shan)(shan)的(de)(de)華山(shan)(shan)松(song)(song)(song)(song)、長(chang)白(bai)(bai)(bai)山(shan)(shan)的(de)(de)美人(ren)松(song)(song)(song)(song)……無(wu)(wu)一(yi)不令游人(ren)贊嘆(tan)。另(ling)外(wai)，松(song)(song)(song)(song)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)根部(bu)位常常會有(you)(you)(you)(you)大型真菌生長(chang)。它們(men)有(you)(you)(you)(you)的(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)木腐菌，可以對松(song)(song)(song)(song)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)進行(xing)分解，造成(cheng)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)木根腐；有(you)(you)(you)(you)的(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)外(wai)生菌根菌，可以與(yu)松(song)(song)(song)(song)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)互(hu)換營(ying)養，防止樹(shu)(shu)(shu)木營(ying)養缺乏，從(cong)而導致影(ying)(ying)響生長(chang)。成(cheng)熟后高達45米(mi)(mi)，胸徑1.5米(mi)(mi)；樹(shu)(shu)(shu)皮紅褐色(se)，下部(bu)灰(hui)褐色(se)，裂成(cheng)不規則(ze)的(de)(de)鱗(lin)狀塊片(pian)；枝平展(zhan)或斜展(zhan)，樹(shu)(shu)(shu)冠寬塔形(xing)或傘形(xing)，枝條每年生長(chang)一(yi)輪，但在(zai)廣(guang)東(dong)南(nan)部(bu)則(ze)通常生長(chang)兩輪，淡黃褐色(se)，無(wu)(wu)白(bai)(bai)(bai)粉(fen)，稀有(you)(you)(you)(you)白(bai)(bai)(bai)粉(fen)，無(wu)(wu)毛；冬(dong)芽卵(luan)狀圓(yuan)柱(zhu)形(xing)或圓(yuan)柱(zhu)形(xing)，褐色(se)，頂端尖，芽鱗(lin)邊緣絲狀，先端尖或成(cheng)漸(jian)尖的(de)(de)長(chang)尖頭，微反(fan)曲。

繁殖方式

松樹(shu)的(de)(de)苗木繁(fan)育(yu)主要采用(yong)種子育(yu)苗或(huo)者用(yong)枝(zhi)條(tiao)進行扦插(cha)，此外(wai)，另(ling)有由我國研究人員創(chuang)立的(de)(de)直接用(yong)松樹(shu)的(de)(de)針(zhen)葉束(shu)進行無性系，苗木繁(fan)育(yu)的(de)(de)方法(fa)，即：針(zhen)葉束(shu)育(yu)苗。

價值及其他

觀賞

松(song)(song)(song)樹(shu)(shu)除經(jing)濟用(yong)途外(wai)，由于其樹(shu)(shu)姿雄偉、蒼勁，樹(shu)(shu)體高(gao)大(da)、長壽，還具有(you)重要的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)觀(guan)賞價值(zhi)。它是(shi)中國(guo)很(hen)多風景(jing)區的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重要景(jing)觀(guan)成分。如遼寧千山(shan)(shan)、山(shan)(shan)東泰(tai)(tai)山(shan)(shan)、江西廬山(shan)(shan)都(dou)以(yi)松(song)(song)(song)樹(shu)(shu)景(jing)色而馳名。尤其是(shi)安徽的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)黃(huang)山(shan)(shan)，松(song)(song)(song)、云(yun)、石號稱(cheng)“三絕”，而以(yi)松(song)(song)(song)為首。各地不少(shao)古松(song)(song)(song)與中國(guo)悠久的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)歷史文化有(you)密切(qie)聯系。如北京北海團城有(you)一株800年生的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)古松(song)(song)(song)，傳說(shuo)曾(ceng)被(bei)清乾隆封為“遮陰(yin)侯”；泰(tai)(tai)山(shan)(shan)“五大(da)夫松(song)(song)(song)”傳說(shuo)是(shi)秦始皇登山(shan)(shan)在此避雨而被(bei)封以(yi)官爵(jue)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。中國(guo)人民把松(song)(song)(song)樹(shu)(shu)作為堅定、貞(zhen)潔(jie)、長壽的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)象征。松(song)(song)(song)、竹、梅世稱(cheng)“歲寒三友”，喻不畏(wei)逆境(jing)、戰(zhan)勝困難的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)堅韌精(jing)神。

工業

按照結構(gou)特征和材(cai)性(xing)，一般將松(song)(song)(song)樹分(fen)為(wei)(wei)軟(ruan)木(mu)(mu)松(song)(song)(song)和硬(ying)木(mu)(mu)松(song)(song)(song)。軟(ruan)木(mu)(mu)松(song)(song)(song)（即單維(wei)管(guan)束亞屬(shu)）比(bi)較輕軟(ruan)，紋理(li)均(jun)(jun)勻，強(qiang)(qiang)度小，加(jia)工(gong)容易，早(zao)材(cai)至晚材(cai)漸變，少翅(chi)裂。硬(ying)木(mu)(mu)松(song)(song)(song)（即雙維(wei)管(guan)束亞屬(shu)）比(bi)較重硬(ying)，紋理(li)不均(jun)(jun)勻，強(qiang)(qiang)度較大(da)，加(jia)工(gong)較難，早(zao)材(cai)至晚材(cai)急變，松(song)(song)(song)脂含量(liang)高。但屬(shu)于軟(ruan)木(mu)(mu)松(song)(song)(song)中的海(hai)南(nan)五(wu)針(zhen)松(song)(song)(song)和華(hua)南(nan)五(wu)針(zhen)松(song)(song)(song)在強(qiang)(qiang)度和容重上接近(jin)于硬(ying)木(mu)(mu)松(song)(song)(song)。松(song)(song)(song)樹木(mu)(mu)材(cai)可供建筑(zhu)、電桿(gan)、枕木(mu)(mu)、礦柱、橋梁、農具(ju)(ju)、器(qi)具(ju)(ju)、家具(ju)(ju)等(deng)多種用途。各種松(song)(song)(song)木(mu)(mu)的纖維(wei)素(su)含量(liang)約為(wei)(wei)50～60%，木(mu)(mu)質素(su)為(wei)(wei)25～30%，為(wei)(wei)制漿(jiang)造紙工(gong)業重要(yao)的原料之(zhi)一。松(song)(song)(song)樹也可用作薪炭材(cai)。

從松(song)(song)(song)(song)樹(shu)樹(shu)干割取(qu)松(song)(song)(song)(song)脂可以提(ti)取(qu)松(song)(song)(song)(song)香(xiang)和(he)松(song)(song)(song)(song)節油(you)。松(song)(song)(song)(song)樹(shu)種子(zi)富含(han)蛋白(bai)質(zhi)和(he)油(you)脂，含(han)油(you)量都在(zai)30%以上，其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)具食(shi)用(yong)(yong)價值的(de)有20種，如產(chan)于中(zhong)(zhong)國的(de)有紅松(song)(song)(song)(song)、偃松(song)(song)(song)(song)、華山松(song)(song)(song)(song)等。紅松(song)(song)(song)(song)的(de)種子(zi)還可入藥，藥名(ming)“海(hai)松(song)(song)(song)(song)子(zi)”，是(shi)一種滋養強壯劑。松(song)(song)(song)(song)樹(shu)的(de)樹(shu)皮、種皮富含(han)單寧，可浸(jin)水(shui)提(ti)取(qu)栲(kao)膠。樹(shu)皮經粉(fen)碎(sui)后，與其(qi)他原料(liao)混合，加(jia)壓可制(zhi)成(cheng)硬纖維板。此外還可從松(song)(song)(song)(song)樹(shu)針(zhen)(zhen)葉(xie)(xie)中(zhong)(zhong)提(ti)取(qu)松(song)(song)(song)(song)針(zhen)(zhen)揮發油(you)。針(zhen)(zhen)葉(xie)(xie)中(zhong)(zhong)含(han)有較豐富的(de)胡(hu)蘿(luo)卜素(su)、維生素(su)、脂肪、蛋白(bai)質(zhi)以及(ji)鈣、磷等多種礦質(zhi)元素(su)，可加(jia)工(gong)成(cheng)飼料(liao)添加(jia)劑，用(yong)(yong)來飼養家禽、家畜。利用(yong)(yong)松(song)(song)(song)(song)枝(zhi)、松(song)(song)(song)(song)根在(zai)窯內進行不完全(quan)的(de)燃燒(shao)，可制(zhi)得松(song)(song)(song)(song)煙（見(jian)木材干餾），用(yong)(yong)于制(zhi)造墨(mo)、油(you)墨(mo)和(he)黑色涂(tu)料(liao)。松(song)(song)(song)(song)枝(zhi)和(he)松(song)(song)(song)(song)根還是(shi)培養名(ming)貴(gui)藥材茯苓的(de)原料(liao)。

綜上(shang)所述，松針以其(qi)鮮為人(ren)知的驚(jing)人(ren)功效和(he)覆蓋全國(guo)的豐(feng)富資(zi)源，必(bi)將(jiang)成保健產業革命的標志(zhi)性產品。

馬尾松(song)的葉——松(song)針有(you)極大的藥用價值(zhi)，最早由孫(sun)思邈(miao)發現，主(zhu)要是(shi)清除(chu)人(ren)體自(zi)由基，可防(fang)暈車(che)，可煨水、泡酒，延年益(yi)壽。

藥用

松(song)(song)針(zhen)(zhen)是松(song)(song)樹藥(yao)用(yong)的代表(biao)部位，味苦、無(wu)毒、藥(yao)性溫(wen)和，它(ta)的提(ti)取物(wu)(wu)中(zhong)含(han)有(you)(you)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)酵素(su)、植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)纖維、生(sheng)長(chang)激松(song)(song) 針(zhen)(zhen)素(su)、蛋(dan)白(bai)質、脂(zhi)肪和 2 4種(zhong)氨基(ji)酸，松(song)(song) 針(zhen)(zhen)具 有(you)(you)降(jiang)血(xue)(xue)壓的作(zuo)用(yong)。松(song)(song)針(zhen)(zhen)中(zhong)含(han)有(you)(you)豐富的β-胡(hu)蘿卜素(su)、維生(sheng)素(su)C、維生(sheng)素(su)E，這三種(zhong)物(wu)(wu)質被稱為抗氧(yang)化(hua)的“金(jin)三角”，三者共同保(bao)護人體組織細(xi)胞(bao)(bao)免受氧(yang)化(hua)，延長(chang)細(xi)胞(bao)(bao)的壽命。松(song)(song)針(zhen)(zhen)提(ti)取物(wu)(wu)前(qian)花青(qing)素(su) (PCA)是一(yi)種(zhong)能(neng)(neng)力(li)超強的天(tian)(tian)然抗氧(yang)化(hua)劑，前(qian)花青(qing)素(su)是世(shi)界上迄今(jin)為止(zhi)文(wen)獻記(ji)載和實驗室發現最(zui)強的天(tian)(tian)然抗氧(yang)化(hua)(抗衰(shuai)老(lao))物(wu)(wu)質!它(ta)有(you)(you)優異的清除(chu)多(duo)種(zhong)有(you)(you)害自(zi)由基(ji)的功效，與(yu)其他植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)抗氧(yang)化(hua)劑相(xiang)比，前(qian)花青(qing)素(su)對超氧(yang)化(hua)物(wu)(wu)陰(yin)離子自(zi)由基(ji)和羥自(zi)由基(ji)的清除(chu)能(neng)(neng)力(li)更勝(sheng)一(yi)籌；松(song)(song)針(zhen)(zhen)精(jing)油(you)和松(song)(song)針(zhen)(zhen)黃酮有(you)(you)獨特的水溶性，能(neng)(neng)和松(song)(song)針(zhen)(zhen)所含(han)的不(bu)飽(bao)和脂(zhi)肪酸透過血(xue)(xue)管(guan)壁進入血(xue)(xue)液：通過增加膽汁分泌(mi)，減(jian)少膽固(gu)醇的積累，通過清除(chu)膽固(gu)醇，預防(fang)動(dong)脈(mo)硬化(hua)、擴張末梢血(xue)(xue)管(guan)、改善(shan)紅細(xi)胞(bao)(bao)攜氧(yang)能(neng)(neng)力(li)，促進人的血(xue)(xue)液循環(huan)。人類心腦血(xue)(xue)管(guan)疾病的幾大癥狀(zhuang)：心絞(jiao)痛、心悸(ji)、喘息、浮腫、暈眩、呼吸困(kun)難(nan)，飲用(yong)松(song)(song)針(zhen)(zhen)茶后(hou)，都得(de)到了改善(shan)多(duo)種(zhong)實驗證明。