廖(liao)均(jun)卿(1350——1413),字兆保,號玉峰,江西(xi)(xi)省興國縣梅窖鄉三僚村人。明永(yong)(yong)樂(le)八年,以建明十三陵之長陵有功,被(bei)封(feng)為欽天監(jian)靈臺博士。撰有《行(xing)程記》等。永(yong)(yong)樂(le)五年,由禮部尚書趙羾引(yin)均(jun)卿入京(jing)選擇陵址。時經兩年,終于(yu)擇取(qu)北京(jing)西(xi)(xi)郊昌平(ping)東北的(de)(de)黃(huang)土山(shan)(shan)為陵區。于(yu)是成(cheng)祖即(ji)日車駕臨視,封(feng)為天壽山(shan)(shan),并授均(jun)卿為靈臺博士,開始(shi)建陵。陵寢建成(cheng),均(jun)卿不(bu)(bu)愿(yuan)再封(feng)官受金(jin),成(cheng)祖便(bian)賜(si)其紙扇一(yi)柄,并題詩(shi)云:“江西(xi)(xi)一(yi)老(lao)叟,腹內藏星(xing)斗。斷(duan)下金(jin)石(shi)鯉,果中(zhong)神仙口。賜(si)官官不(bu)(bu)要,賜(si)金(jin)金(jin)不(bu)(bu)受。賜(si)爾一(yi)清風,任卿天下走。”此之后北京(jing)故(gu)宮大皇城的(de)(de)勘測(ce)也出自于(yu)廖(liao)均(jun)卿之手。廖(liao)均(jun)卿因此被(bei)皇帝(di)以四品職(zhi)銜供養(yang)至(zhi)老(lao)死(si),他的(de)(de)墓(mu)地至(zhi)今還在三僚村的(de)(de)半(ban)山(shan)(shan)腰(yao)上。這座蘊蕆著(zhu)很多奧秘的(de)(de)古代墓(mu)穴,走勢猶如(ru)猛(meng)虎下山(shan)(shan),氣宇(yu)軒昂(ang)。1984年廖(liao)均(jun)卿墓(mu)被(bei)確(que)定為興國縣文物(wu)保護單位。
精通風水
據《興國衣錦(jin)三(san)僚廖氏(shi)族譜(pu)》記載,明(ming)(ming)(ming)永(yong)樂(le)五年(nian)(1407年(nian)),明(ming)(ming)(ming)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)祖(zu)的(de)(de)徐皇(huang)后病故,明(ming)(ming)(ming)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)祖(zu)早已想遷(qian)都北京(jing)(jing),便(bian)(bian)將徐皇(huang)后棺材暫(zan)時(shi)(shi)安放于南京(jing)(jing)的(de)(de)皇(huang)宮內,命令禮部尚書趙羾(gong)等(deng)大(da)臣,遍訪精通風(feng)(feng)水(shui)(shui)(shui)人士。當時(shi)(shi)訪得江(jiang)西贛州府(fu)興國縣三(san)僚村的(de)(de)廖均(jun)卿(qing),因他的(de)(de)先(xian)祖(zu)廖三(san)傳是唐朝著名風(feng)(feng)水(shui)(shui)(shui)大(da)師楊救(jiu)貧的(de)(de)傳人,廖均(jun)卿(qing)被(bei)召傳南京(jing)(jing)后,先(xian)察看(kan)(kan)了(le)(le)(le)在(zai)南京(jing)(jing)的(de)(de)孝(xiao)陵風(feng)(feng)水(shui)(shui)(shui)之后,便(bian)(bian)到北京(jing)(jing)找(zhao)風(feng)(feng)水(shui)(shui)(shui)寶地(di),察看(kan)(kan)了(le)(le)(le)京(jing)(jing)西燕臺驛、玉泉(quan)山(shan)、譚(tan)柘寺、香山(shan),又察看(kan)(kan)了(le)(le)(le)京(jing)(jing)北的(de)(de)陽(yang)山(shan)茶湖嶺和(he)懷柔(rou)的(de)(de)洪羅山(shan)、百葉山(shan),先(xian)后又察看(kan)(kan)了(le)(le)(le)辛家(jia)莊、斧口、谷山(shan)、文家(jia)莊、石門驛、湯(tang)泉(quan)、禪(chan)峰(feng)寺,遍鑒了(le)(le)(le)京(jing)(jing)郊之后,于永(yong)樂(le)五年(nian)六月初一前往昌平黃土山(shan)(即后來的(de)(de)天壽山(shan)十三(san)陵所在(zai)地(di))登高縱目,見(jian)該處風(feng)(feng)水(shui)(shui)(shui)絕妙(miao),為他處所不(bu)及,便(bian)(bian)繪成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)地(di)圖,于八月初一日到南京(jing)(jing)上朝,獻(xian)上地(di)圖,并(bing)建議明(ming)(ming)(ming)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)祖(zu)親(qin)臨黃土山(shan)觀察,希望明(ming)(ming)(ming)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)祖(zu)“高張慧目,廣邁皇(huang)風(feng)(feng)”,并(bing)說,如將皇(huang)陵定于此處,則“玉燭清明(ming)(ming)(ming),并(bing)三(san)辰而永(yong)耀(yao);金符浩蕩,亙(gen)萬(wan)古以長存:國祚無疆(jiang),邦家(jia)有慶”。
初見皇陵
明(ming)成(cheng)祖聽了(le)非(fei)常(chang)高興,決定初八日吉辰(chen)與各(ge)風水師一同往黃(huang)土山(shan)定穴(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)位(wei)。當時(shi)還(huan)有另外兩名(ming)知名(ming)風水大師王侃(kan)、巫涯,他們也各(ge)自上了(le)奏本。明(ming)成(cheng)祖在比較(jiao)之后,決定采(cai)納廖均卿建議。初八日半夜(ye)子(zi)時(shi),明(ming)成(cheng)祖將幾位(wei)風水大師召到面前,說(shuo)王侃(kan)、巫涯所定穴(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)位(wei)不對,廖均卿所定穴(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)位(wei)最好,當時(shi)賞賜了(le)廖均卿金(jin)劍一把、銀鋤一張(zhang),讓(rang)他去(qu)點穴(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue),隨及(ji)開挖了(le)金(jin)井(jing)(就是埋棺(guan)材的穴(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)位(wei)),同時(shi),明(ming)成(cheng)祖下令(ling)將黃(huang)土山(shan)改(gai)名(ming)為天壽山(shan),便高高興興回南京去(qu)了(le)。
建造故事
到了(le)(le)永(yong)樂八年,明(ming)(ming)成(cheng)(cheng)祖又召見(jian)諸位(wei)(wei)風水(shui)大師(shi),問天(tian)壽山(shan)(shan)皇(huang)(huang)陵的(de)穴(xue)位(wei)(wei)工程進展如何(he)(he)?眾大臣(chen)奏道,廖均(jun)(jun)卿(qing)戲(xi)弄朝廷,他挖傷了(le)(le)地脈,穴(xue)位(wei)(wei)涌泉(quan)(quan)(quan)不(bu)止(zhi)。明(ming)(ming)成(cheng)(cheng)祖就問廖均(jun)(jun)卿(qing)這是(shi)怎么回(hui)事(shi)?廖均(jun)(jun)卿(qing)說,這是(shi)真龍的(de)聚處(chu)(chu),穴(xue)法無偏,只要皇(huang)(huang)帝親(qin)臨(lin)其處(chu)(chu),泉(quan)(quan)(quan)水(shui)立(li)即(ji)(ji)(ji)停止(zhi)。明(ming)(ming)成(cheng)(cheng)祖一(yi)聽覺得很是(shi)神奇,便叫大臣(chen)們看了(le)(le)一(yi)個好(hao)日子,帶了(le)(le)文(wen)武官員和(he)廖均(jun)(jun)卿(qing)等(deng)人(ren)從南京出(chu)發前往(wang)北京天(tian)壽山(shan)(shan)。但明(ming)(ming)成(cheng)(cheng)祖到了(le)(le)穴(xue)位(wei)(wei)之處(chu)(chu),看見(jian)泉(quan)(quan)(quan)水(shui)依(yi)然在噴,龍顏(yan)大怒,責問廖均(jun)(jun)卿(qing)為何(he)(he)戲(xi)弄于他。廖均(jun)(jun)卿(qing)不(bu)慌不(bu)忙回(hui)答說:我還沒有(you)喝山(shan)(shan)呢,只要臣(chen)幾聲一(yi)喊,把羅盤下(xia)地一(yi)照,泉(quan)(quan)(quan)水(shui)便會立(li)即(ji)(ji)(ji)停止(zhi)。明(ming)(ming)成(cheng)(cheng)祖說,那(nei)就依(yi)你所(suo)奏,快(kuai)快(kuai)喝山(shan)(shan)。廖均(jun)(jun)卿(qing)當即(ji)(ji)(ji)擺好(hao)架式,向山(shan)(shan)上喝道:“山(shan)(shan)家二(er)十(shi)四(si)向,土地、龍祖、天(tian)星、地曜、二(er)十(shi)八宿,祖師(shi)楊(yang)救貧(pin)、曾文(wen)山(shan)(shan),廖禹公(gong),今廖均(jun)(jun)卿(qing)為永(yong)樂圣主(zhu)立(li)萬(wan)年之基(ji)業,千載之皇(huang)(huang)陵,萬(wan)里山(shan)(shan)河皆歸圣主(zhu),現在皇(huang)(huang)帝御駕親(qin)臨(lin),著令泉(quan)(quan)(quan)水(shui)立(li)即(ji)(ji)(ji)停止(zhi),如改違抗,是(shi)為逆天(tian)大罪,必受天(tian)譴。”
故事結局
說(shuo)來也(ye)怪,廖均(jun)卿(qing)還(huan)未喊(han)完,金井內的泉水果(guo)然立即停止(zhi)。明(ming)成(cheng)(cheng)祖龍心大悅,正待賞賜,卻見廖均(jun)卿(qing)又奏到,泉下(xia)三尺,有(you)石盆一(yi)個,石鯉魚一(yi)對,請萬歲(sui)立即下(xia)令(ling)開挖(wa),明(ming)成(cheng)(cheng)祖當(dang)即下(xia)令(ling)往下(xia)探挖(wa),挖(wa)到三尺,果(guo)然挖(wa)出。這時,明(ming)成(cheng)(cheng)祖不斷說(shuo)道:“神了!神了!廖均(jun)卿(qing)非(fei)凡人,誠乃仙風道骨,喊(han)山(shan)(shan)山(shan)(shan)應(ying),喊(han)水水止(zhi),真乃朕之奇(qi)遇也(ye)。”隨即下(xia)令(ling)賜廖均(jun)卿(qing)欽天監(jian)五(wu)品靈臺博(bo)士官。