產廣東、海南(nan)、廣西、福建(jian)。喜生于低海拔(ba)的山地、丘陵以及路邊(bian)陽處疏(shu)林(lin)中。
喬木,高(gao)5-15米,樹(shu)皮暗灰色(se)(se)(se),幾(ji)平滑(hua),纖維(wei)堅韌;小(xiao)枝(zhi)圓(yuan)柱形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),具(ju)(ju)縐紋(wen),幼時(shi)被(bei)(bei)疏柔(rou)(rou)毛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao),后(hou)逐(zhu)漸脫落,無毛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)或(huo)(huo)(huo)近無毛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)。葉革質,圓(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、橢圓(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)至長(chang)圓(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),有(you)時(shi)近倒(dao)卵(luan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),長(chang)5-9厘(li)(li)(li)米,寬2.8-6厘(li)(li)(li)米,先端銳(rui)尖或(huo)(huo)(huo)急尖而具(ju)(ju)短尖頭,基部寬楔形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),上面(mian)(mian)暗綠(lv)色(se)(se)(se)或(huo)(huo)(huo)紫綠(lv)色(se)(se)(se),光亮,下(xia)面(mian)(mian)淡綠(lv)色(se)(se)(se),兩(liang)面(mian)(mian)均(jun)無毛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao),側脈(mo)(mo)每(mei)邊(bian)15-20,在(zai)下(xia)面(mian)(mian)更明顯,小(xiao)脈(mo)(mo)纖細,近平行,不明顯,邊(bian)緣有(you)時(shi)被(bei)(bei)稀疏的(de)柔(rou)(rou)毛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao);葉柄(bing)(bing)長(chang)約(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)5-7毫米,被(bei)(bei)毛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)。花芳香,黃綠(lv)色(se)(se)(se),多朵,組成(cheng)傘形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)花序;花梗(geng)長(chang)5-6毫米,密被(bei)(bei)黃灰色(se)(se)(se)短柔(rou)(rou)毛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao);萼(e)筒淺鐘狀(zhuang),長(chang)5-6毫米,兩(liang)面(mian)(mian)均(jun)密被(bei)(bei)短柔(rou)(rou)毛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao),5裂,裂片卵(luan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),長(chang)4-5毫米,先端圓(yuan)鈍或(huo)(huo)(huo)急尖,兩(liang)面(mian)(mian)被(bei)(bei)短柔(rou)(rou)毛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao);花瓣10,鱗片狀(zhuang),著生于花萼(e)筒喉(hou)部,密被(bei)(bei)毛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao);雄(xiong)蕊10,排成(cheng)1輪,花絲(si)長(chang)約(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)1毫米,花藥長(chang)圓(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),長(chang)約(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)4毫米;子房卵(luan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),密被(bei)(bei)灰白色(se)(se)(se)毛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao),2室(shi),每(mei)室(shi)1胚珠,花柱極(ji)短或(huo)(huo)(huo)無,柱頭頭狀(zhuang)。蒴果(guo)(guo)果(guo)(guo)梗(geng)短,卵(luan)球形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),幼時(shi)綠(lv)色(se)(se)(se),長(chang)2-3厘(li)(li)(li)米,直徑約(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)2厘(li)(li)(li)米,頂(ding)端具(ju)(ju)短尖頭,基部漸狹(xia),密被(bei)(bei)黃色(se)(se)(se)短柔(rou)(rou)毛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao),2瓣裂,2室(shi),每(mei)室(shi)具(ju)(ju)有(you)1種(zhong)子,種(zhong)子褐色(se)(se)(se),卵(luan)球形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),長(chang)約(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)1厘(li)(li)(li)米,寬約(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)5.5毫米,疏被(bei)(bei)柔(rou)(rou)毛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao),基部具(ju)(ju)有(you)附屬體,附屬體長(chang)約(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)1.5厘(li)(li)(li)米,上端寬扁,寬約(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)4毫米,下(xia)端成(cheng)柄(bing)(bing)狀(zhuang)。花期春夏,果(guo)(guo)期夏秋。
含有樹脂的木(mu)材。
味(wei)辛、苦,性微(wei)溫。
歸脾、胃、腎經。
行(xing)氣(qi)止痛,溫中止嘔(ou),納氣(qi)平(ping)喘。
用于(yu)胸(xiong)腹脹(zhang)悶疼痛,胃(wei)寒(han)嘔吐呃逆,腎虛(xu)氣(qi)逆喘急。
l~5g,后下。
1、治陰虛腎氣不歸原(yuan):沉(chen)香磨汁(zhi)數分,以(yi)麥門冬、懷熟地各三錢,茯(fu)苓(ling)、山(shan)藥、山(shan)茱萸肉(rou)各二錢,牡(mu)丹皮(pi)、澤瀉(xie)、廣陳(chen)皮(pi)各一錢。水煎,和沉(chen)香汁(zhi)服。(《本草匯言》)
2、治(zhi)脾腎(shen)久虛,水(shui)飲停(ting)積,上乘肺經,咳嗽短氣,腹脅脹,小便不(bu)利:沉香一錢,烏藥三錢,茯苓、陳皮、澤瀉(xie)、香附子(zi)各半(ban)兩(liang),麝香半(ban)錢。上為細末,煉(lian)蜜和(he)丸(wan)如(ru)梧子(zi)大。每服二、三十丸(wan),熟水(shui)下。(《雞峰普濟方》沉香丸(wan))