照(zhao)壁(bi)山(shan)(shan),又名相(xiang)寶山(shan)(shan)。以(yi)孤(gu)山(shan)(shan)突出,面(mian)南(nan)的山(shan)(shan)崖平(ping)如“照(zhao)壁(bi)”而得(de)名。山(shan)(shan)上曾(ceng)建有禪寺(si),寺(si)內有銅鏡等珍(zhen)貴法(fa)器,曾(ceng)與黔靈山(shan)(shan)、東山(shan)(shan)并稱(cheng)貴陽三大(da)佛門勝(sheng)地(di)。解放前夕衰敗。 照(zhao)壁(bi)山(shan)(shan)公園總面(mian)積(ji)35240平(ping)方米,位于貴陽市云巖區照(zhao)壁(bi)山(shan)(shan),西(xi)鄰外環城北路,東、南(nan)面(mian)靠貴州師范大(da)學,北面(mian)靠市塑(su)料廠。建設(she)中將利用山(shan)(shan)體的懸(xuan)崖峭(qiao)壁(bi)設(she)置(zhi)跌水瀑(pu)布(bu),最大(da)落(luo)差將達到17米,并建設(she)步道、觀景平(ping)臺、老人休息林、放鳶廣場等公共游樂設(she)施。
民(min)國(guo)以(yi)后,寺(si)宇漸敗,寺(si)僧(seng)寥寥。抗日(ri)(ri)戰爭(zheng)時期(qi)駐兵于寺(si)內,本已破(po)(po)舊的殿(dian)字又遭破(po)(po)壞。1958年(nian)大煉鋼鐵,山寺(si)房(fang)屋被拆毀(hui),寺(si)院(yuan)僅存(cun)(cun)屋基遺址,昔(xi)日(ri)(ri)舊貌,蕩然無存(cun)(cun)。1983年(nian)6月2日(ri)(ri),照壁(bi)山列為貴陽(yang)市文物保護單(dan)位(wei)。
交通(tong)指南:可(ke)在貴陽市內乘9路(lu)(lu)、24路(lu)(lu)、61路(lu)(lu)、69路(lu)(lu)車在相寶山(shan)站(zhan)下車,步行到景點。
照(zhao)壁(bi)(bi)山(shan)(shan)(shan)包(bao)括兩(liang)座相連的山(shan)(shan)(shan)峰(feng),西(xi)蜂高而(er)東峰(feng)低。早在(zai)明(ming)崇幀年間(jian),西(xi)山(shan)(shan)(shan)建(jian)(jian)寺(si)(si),名(ming)(ming)“相寶寺(si)(si)”、“照(zhao)壁(bi)(bi)山(shan)(shan)(shan)寺(si)(si)”、“屏山(shan)(shan)(shan)寺(si)(si)”,亦稱“毗(pi)尼寺(si)(si)”。“毗(pi)尼”為梵語(yu)戒律之(zhi)意(yi),該(gai)寺(si)(si)為貴陽地區唯一(yi)(yi)律寺(si)(si),故(gu)有(you)此名(ming)(ming)。該(gai)寺(si)(si)在(zai)清(qing)順治(zhi)年間(jian)重(zhong)建(jian)(jian),道光年間(jian)改修。寺(si)(si)廟規模不大,依山(shan)(shan)(shan)勢(shi)而(er)建(jian)(jian),欄(lan)廊(lang)回(hui)環,梵宮漂渺。山(shan)(shan)(shan)頂(ding)并排正(zheng)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)七換、觀音殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)三槐(huai),正(zheng)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)后面(mian)有(you)準(zhun)提殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)三間(jian),另有(you)客房、僧(seng)(seng)富、齋(zhai)堂等輔助建(jian)(jian)筑。正(zheng)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)中(zhong)供(gong)大佛(fo),兩(liang)側塑有(you)十八羅漢。寺(si)(si)中(zhong)原藏有(you)古銅鏡(jing)(jing)一(yi)(yi)面(mian)、銅牛一(yi)(yi)尊,直(zhi)徑與(yu)身(shen)長(chang)均達二尺以上。寺(si)(si)僧(seng)(seng)和(he)故(gu)老相傳:“銅鏡(jing)(jing)可照(zhao)人前世”,招襪善男(nan)信女摩肩接唾登山(shan)(shan)(shan)觀景(jing)。清(qing)代詩人沈統蘇在(zai)《重(zhong)建(jian)(jian)照(zhao)壁(bi)(bi)山(shan)(shan)(shan)寺(si)(si)》中(zhong)譏(ji)笑云(yun):“萬里登臨慷(kang)照(zhao)鏡(jing)(jing),前生可是此山(shan)(shan)(shan)僧(seng)(seng)?”殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)外(wai)有(you)長(chang)廊(lang),憑欄(lan)遠(yuan)眺,諸山(shan)(shan)(shan)環拱,朝(chao)暮變化美不勝收(shou),令人心(xin)曠神怕。在(zai)正(zheng)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的左方佛(fo)閣(ge)下,有(you)洞(dong)(dong)名(ming)(ming)“碧云(yun)”,洞(dong)(dong)口狹窄(zhai),高約兩(liang)米,寒(han)氣凜別,據說此洞(dong)(dong)為佛(fo)教徒行律禁(jin)閉之(zhi)所。另外(wai)西(xi)山(shan)(shan)(shan)平臺上有(you)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)三槐(huai),祀宋包(bao)拯像于(yu)內。
照壁(bi)(bi)(bi)山(shan)遠(yuan)觀形如畫屏,又似一(yi)葉張帆(fan)待航之舟(zhou),逢春秋佳節(jie),游人(ren)如織,歷來(lai)騷(sao)人(ren)墨客留下不少題句于(yu)此(ci)。吳(wu)廷幀(zhen)、朱文(wen)、鄒一(yi)桂、王本玉、鄭珍等均有游覽(lan)照壁(bi)(bi)(bi)山(shan)的(de)詩(shi)詞(ci)傳世,地(di)方史志(zhi)多(duo)有記載,這些詩(shi)不僅(jin)有一(yi)定(ding)的(de)文(wen)學(xue)欣賞價值,還(huan)是研究貴(gui)陽(yang)歷史的(de)重要(yao)史料。現在碧云(yun)洞上方石(shi)壁(bi)(bi)(bi)還(huan)攜(xie)有慶均書(shu)(shu)“相寶(bao)留云(yun)”,另一(yi)處為咸豐時貴(gui)州提(ti)督趙(zhao)德昌書(shu)(shu)“黔陽(yang)半(ban)壁(bi)(bi)(bi)”,字(zi)大如斗,清晰顯眼。