生于(yu)林下、灌叢(cong)或(huo)草(cao)地。
分布(bu)于中(zhong)國東北各省。日本、朝鮮、蘇聯和歐洲也有分布(bu)。
頂冰(bing)花(hua)(hua)是百(bai)合科多年生(sheng)草本,高(gao)10-25cm:鱗(lin)莖(jing)(jing)卵(luan)(luan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),直(zhi)(zhi)徑(jing)5-9mm;基(ji)部(bu)無珠(zhu)芽,鱗(lin)莖(jing)(jing)皮(pi)灰黃(huang)色(se)(se)。基(ji)生(sheng)葉條形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),寬2-4.5mm,花(hua)(hua)葶(ting)上無葉。花(hua)(hua)2-5朵,成(cheng)傘形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)排(pai)列;花(hua)(hua)被片6,黃(huang)綠(lv)色(se)(se),長(chang)(chang)約12mm;雄蕊6。蒴果(guo)近球形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),直(zhi)(zhi)徑(jing)約5mm;種子(zi)近矩圓形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。花(hua)(hua)期(qi)4-5月(yue)。植(zhi)株高(gao)15-20厘米。鱗(lin)莖(jing)(jing)卵(luan)(luan)球形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),直(zhi)(zhi)徑(jing)約5-10毫米,鱗(lin)莖(jing)(jing)皮(pi)褐黃(huang)色(se)(se),無附屬小鱗(lin)莖(jing)(jing)。基(ji)生(sheng)葉1枚,條形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),長(chang)(chang)15-22厘米,寬3-10毫米,扁(bian)平,中(zhong)部(bu)向下收狹,無毛。總苞(bao)片披針(zhen)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),與(yu)花(hua)(hua)序近等(deng)長(chang)(chang),寬4-6毫米;花(hua)(hua)3-5朵,排(pai)成(cheng)傘形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)花(hua)(hua)序;花(hua)(hua)梗(geng)不(bu)等(deng)長(chang)(chang),無毛;花(hua)(hua)被片條形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)或狹披針(zhen)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),長(chang)(chang)9-12毫米,寬約2毫米,黃(huang)色(se)(se);雄蕊長(chang)(chang)為花(hua)(hua)被片的2/3;花(hua)(hua)藥矩圓形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),花(hua)(hua)絲基(ji)部(bu)扁(bian)平;子(zi)房(fang)矩圓形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),花(hua)(hua)柱(zhu)長(chang)(chang)為子(zi)房(fang)的1.5-2倍,柱(zhu)頭不(bu)明(ming)顯的3裂。蒴果(guo)卵(luan)(luan)圓形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)至(zhi)倒卵(luan)(luan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),長(chang)(chang)為宿存花(hua)(hua)被的2/3。
頂冰花可用分球繁殖,早在(zai)秋冬季休眠期剝下鱗(lin)莖四周的小球,另行(xing)栽(zai)植。
【來 源】:為雙(shuang)子葉(xie)植物藥百(bai)合科植物頂冰花的(de)鱗莖。
【功 效】:清心。
【主 治】:民間(jian)常(chang)用本品(pin)治療心(xin)臟病。
【性(xing)味(wei)歸經(jing)】:苦,平。入(ru)心經(jing)。
【用法用量】:內服,煎湯(tang),12-15克。
【考(kao) 證】:始載于(yu)《新華本草綱要》。東北個別(bie)地區用(yong)(yong)藥時有中毒現(xian)象,應慎用(yong)(yong)。
頂冰花全株有毒,以鱗莖毒性(xing)最大。每年(nian)開春,兒童外出(chu)采集野菜,誤(wu)為山韭菜,食數(shu)株即可(ke)中毒,4g以上(shang)可(ke)致死(si),死(si)亡(wang)率甚高(gao)。食后1小(xiao)時左右出(chu)現癥(zheng)狀,有頭(tou)痛、頭(tou)暈、嘔吐、無力、煩躁不(bu)安、語言不(bu)清、意(yi)(yi)識障礙、大小(xiao)便失禁等,嚴重(zhong)者可(ke)出(chu)現全身抽(chou)搐、角弓(gong)反張,抽(chou)搐后心(xin)動過速、心(xin)音弱、肢體(ti)發(fa)冷、呼吸困難等。個(ge)別人中毒后有意(yi)(yi)識障礙、智力下降、癱瘓(huan)等后遺癥(zheng)。