生于林下、灌叢或草地。
分布于中國東北各省。日(ri)本(ben)、朝(chao)鮮、蘇聯和歐洲也(ye)有分布。
頂冰花(hua)(hua)(hua)是百合科多年生草本,高(gao)10-25cm:鱗(lin)(lin)莖(jing)(jing)卵形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),直徑(jing)(jing)5-9mm;基(ji)部無(wu)(wu)珠芽,鱗(lin)(lin)莖(jing)(jing)皮(pi)灰黃色(se)。基(ji)生葉(xie)(xie)條(tiao)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),寬(kuan)2-4.5mm,花(hua)(hua)(hua)葶上(shang)無(wu)(wu)葉(xie)(xie)。花(hua)(hua)(hua)2-5朵,成傘形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)排(pai)(pai)列;花(hua)(hua)(hua)被片(pian)(pian)6,黃綠色(se),長約(yue)12mm;雄蕊(rui)6。蒴果(guo)近(jin)球形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),直徑(jing)(jing)約(yue)5mm;種子(zi)(zi)近(jin)矩(ju)圓(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。花(hua)(hua)(hua)期4-5月。植株高(gao)15-20厘(li)米(mi)。鱗(lin)(lin)莖(jing)(jing)卵球形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),直徑(jing)(jing)約(yue)5-10毫(hao)米(mi),鱗(lin)(lin)莖(jing)(jing)皮(pi)褐(he)黃色(se),無(wu)(wu)附屬小鱗(lin)(lin)莖(jing)(jing)。基(ji)生葉(xie)(xie)1枚,條(tiao)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),長15-22厘(li)米(mi),寬(kuan)3-10毫(hao)米(mi),扁平(ping),中部向下(xia)收狹,無(wu)(wu)毛。總苞片(pian)(pian)披針形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),與(yu)花(hua)(hua)(hua)序近(jin)等長,寬(kuan)4-6毫(hao)米(mi);花(hua)(hua)(hua)3-5朵,排(pai)(pai)成傘形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)花(hua)(hua)(hua)序;花(hua)(hua)(hua)梗不等長,無(wu)(wu)毛;花(hua)(hua)(hua)被片(pian)(pian)條(tiao)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)或(huo)狹披針形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),長9-12毫(hao)米(mi),寬(kuan)約(yue)2毫(hao)米(mi),黃色(se);雄蕊(rui)長為花(hua)(hua)(hua)被片(pian)(pian)的2/3;花(hua)(hua)(hua)藥矩(ju)圓(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),花(hua)(hua)(hua)絲基(ji)部扁平(ping);子(zi)(zi)房矩(ju)圓(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),花(hua)(hua)(hua)柱長為子(zi)(zi)房的1.5-2倍,柱頭不明(ming)顯的3裂。蒴果(guo)卵圓(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)至(zhi)倒(dao)卵形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),長為宿(su)存花(hua)(hua)(hua)被的2/3。
頂冰花可用分球(qiu)繁(fan)殖,早在秋(qiu)冬(dong)季休眠期剝下鱗莖四周的小球(qiu),另行栽植。
【來 源(yuan)】:為雙子(zi)葉(xie)植物(wu)藥百合科(ke)植物(wu)頂(ding)冰(bing)花的鱗莖(jing)。
【功 效】:清心。
【主 治(zhi)】:民間常用本(ben)品治(zhi)療心臟病(bing)。
【性(xing)味歸(gui)經(jing)】:苦,平。入心經(jing)。
【用法用量】:內服,煎湯(tang),12-15克。
【考(kao) 證】:始載于《新華本草綱要》。東北個別地(di)區用藥時有中毒現象,應慎用。
頂冰花(hua)全(quan)株(zhu)有(you)毒(du)(du),以鱗莖毒(du)(du)性最大(da)。每年(nian)開春,兒童外出(chu)采集野菜,誤為山韭菜,食(shi)數(shu)株(zhu)即可(ke)中毒(du)(du),4g以上可(ke)致死,死亡率甚高。食(shi)后(hou)1小(xiao)時左右(you)出(chu)現(xian)癥狀,有(you)頭痛、頭暈、嘔吐(tu)、無力、煩躁不安、語言不清、意識障(zhang)礙、大(da)小(xiao)便失禁等,嚴重者可(ke)出(chu)現(xian)全(quan)身抽(chou)搐、角(jiao)弓(gong)反張,抽(chou)搐后(hou)心動過速、心音弱、肢(zhi)體發(fa)冷、呼吸困難等。個別人中毒(du)(du)后(hou)有(you)意識障(zhang)礙、智力下降、癱瘓等后(hou)遺癥。