生長(chang)于海拔50-2680米(mi)的湖(hu)泊、池塘和(he)稻田中。黃花貍藻喜(xi)(xi)光(guang)照充足的環境(jing),喜(xi)(xi)溫(wen)暖(nuan),怕低溫(wen),在20-30℃的溫(wen)度范圍(wei)內(nei)生長(chang)良好,越冬溫(wen)度不宜低于10℃。
分布于(yu)中國、印度、尼(ni)(ni)泊(bo)爾、孟加拉、斯(si)里蘭(lan)卡(ka)、中南半島、馬來西(xi)(xi)亞(ya)、印度尼(ni)(ni)西(xi)(xi)亞(ya)、菲律賓、日本和澳大(da)利亞(ya);在中國分布于(yu)江蘇、安徽、浙江、江西(xi)(xi)、福建(jian)、臺灣、湖(hu)北(bei)、湖(hu)南、廣(guang)東、廣(guang)西(xi)(xi)和云(yun)南。
水生(sheng)(sheng)草(cao)本。假根(gen)通常不存在(zai)(zai),存在(zai)(zai)時輪生(sheng)(sheng)于花序梗的基部或近基部,扁平(ping)并多(duo)少膨大(da),長(chang)(chang)2-6厘(li)(li)米,粗1-3毫(hao)米,具(ju)絲狀分(fen)(fen)枝。匍匐(fu)枝圓(yuan)柱形(xing)(xing),長(chang)(chang)15-50厘(li)(li)米,粗0.5-2毫(hao)米,具(ju)分(fen)(fen)枝。葉(xie)器多(duo)數,互生(sheng)(sheng),長(chang)(chang)2-6厘(li)(li)米,3-4深裂(lie)達基部,裂(lie)片先羽狀深裂(lie),后一至四回二歧狀深裂(lie),末回裂(lie)片毛(mao)發狀,具(ju)細剛毛(mao)。捕蟲(chong)囊通常多(duo)數,側(ce)生(sheng)(sheng)于葉(xie)器裂(lie)片上,斜卵球(qiu)形(xing)(xing),側(ce)扁,具(ju)短(duan)梗,長(chang)(chang)1-4毫(hao)米;口(kou)側(ce)生(sheng)(sheng),上唇(chun)具(ju)2條常疏生(sheng)(sheng)分(fen)(fen)枝的剛毛(mao)狀附屬物,下唇(chun)無附屬物。
花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)序直立,長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)5-25厘(li)米(mi),中部(bu)(bu)(bu)以上(shang)具(ju)3-8朵多少疏離的花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua),無(wu)(wu)毛;花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)序梗圓(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)柱形(xing)(xing)(xing),粗0.3-1.3毫米(mi),無(wu)(wu)鱗片(pian)(pian)(pian);苞片(pian)(pian)(pian)基(ji)部(bu)(bu)(bu)著(zhu)生(sheng)(sheng),寬卵(luan)圓(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing),長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)1.5-2毫米(mi),頂(ding)(ding)端圓(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)或(huo)急尖;無(wu)(wu)小(xiao)苞片(pian)(pian)(pian);花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)梗絲(si)狀(zhuang),背腹扁,橫斷面(mian)(mian)呈橢圓(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing),長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)4-20毫米(mi),于花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)期直立,花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)后下(xia)(xia)(xia)彎。花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)萼2裂(lie)達(da)基(ji)部(bu)(bu)(bu),裂(lie)片(pian)(pian)(pian)近(jin)(jin)相等,上(shang)唇(chun)稍長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang),卵(luan)形(xing)(xing)(xing),花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)期長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)3-4毫米(mi),稍肉質,頂(ding)(ding)端鈍形(xing)(xing)(xing),邊緣(yuan)內曲(qu),果(guo)期明顯(xian)增大(da),長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)7-9毫米(mi),開(kai)展或(huo)反折。花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)冠黃色,喉(hou)(hou)部(bu)(bu)(bu)有時(shi)具(ju)橙紅色條紋,外面(mian)(mian)無(wu)(wu)毛或(huo)疏生(sheng)(sheng)短柔毛,長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)10-15毫米(mi);上(shang)唇(chun)寬卵(luan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)或(huo)近(jin)(jin)圓(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing),頂(ding)(ding)端圓(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing),長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)約(yue)為(wei)上(shang)方萼片(pian)(pian)(pian)的2倍(bei),下(xia)(xia)(xia)唇(chun)較大(da),橫橢圓(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing),頂(ding)(ding)端圓(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)或(huo)微凹,喉(hou)(hou)凸隆(long)起(qi)呈淺囊(nang)狀(zhuang);距近(jin)(jin)筒狀(zhuang),基(ji)部(bu)(bu)(bu)圓(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)錐狀(zhuang),頂(ding)(ding)端鈍形(xing)(xing)(xing),較下(xia)(xia)(xia)唇(chun)短并與其平(ping)行或(huo)成銳角叉開(kai)。雄蕊(rui)無(wu)(wu)毛;花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)絲(si)線形(xing)(xing)(xing),上(shang)部(bu)(bu)(bu)擴大(da),長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)約(yue)2毫米(mi);藥(yao)室匯合。子房球形(xing)(xing)(xing),密生(sheng)(sheng)腺點,無(wu)(wu)毛;花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)柱長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)約(yue)為(wei)子房的一半,花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)后延長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang),無(wu)(wu)毛;柱頭下(xia)(xia)(xia)唇(chun)半圓(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing),邊緣(yuan)具(ju)緣(yuan)毛,上(shang)唇(chun)極(ji)短,鈍形(xing)(xing)(xing),無(wu)(wu)毛。蒴果(guo)球形(xing)(xing)(xing),直徑4-5毫米(mi),頂(ding)(ding)端具(ju)喙狀(zhuang)宿存花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)柱,周裂(lie)。種子多數,壓扁,具(ju)5-6角和細小(xiao)的網狀(zhuang)突起(qi),直徑0.8-2毫米(mi),角上(shang)具(ju)極(ji)狹的棱翅(chi),淡(dan)褐(he)色,無(wu)(wu)毛。花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)期6-11月,果(guo)期7-12月。
栽培基質可以使用(yong)(yong)井水(shui)(shui)(shui)、自來水(shui)(shui)(shui)等進行種植。盡管(guan)黃花貍藻(zao)能(neng)(neng)夠從(cong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)中直(zhi)接吸收養分,但(dan)是如果能(neng)(neng)在(zai)不(bu)妨(fang)礙觀賞的(de)前提下(xia)在(zai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)底鋪(pu)上一層(ceng)河(he)泥,則植株能(neng)(neng)夠生長(chang)得(de)更為(wei)(wei)旺盛。缸養可以結(jie)合分株進行操作。為(wei)(wei)了便于(yu)管(guan)理,般不(bu)將黃花貍藻(zao)與其他水(shui)(shui)(shui)生植物混養。所用(yong)(yong)容器通(tong)常為(wei)(wei)小型水(shui)(shui)(shui)族箱,注(zhu)意擺放(fang)地點應保證植株能(neng)(neng)夠接受(shou)所需的(de)光照。先(xian)將清水(shui)(shui)(shui)注(zhu)人栽培容器中,再將準備好的(de)適(shi)量種苗直(zhi)接投入即可。
黃(huang)花貍藻對(dui)水(shui)質要求不(bu)嚴,可在硬(ying)度較低的(de)淡(dan)水(shui)中(zhong)(zhong)進(jin)行栽培,注意(yi)鹽度不(bu)宜過高。水(shui)體的(de)pH最(zui)好(hao)(hao)控制在5.5-7.0間,即呈微酸(suan)性至中(zhong)(zhong)性。其對(dui)肥料需求量較少,生(sheng)長(chang)肚盛階段可每隔3-4周追施一次肥料。注意(yi)不(bu)要使日照(zhao)(zhao)過強,否則青苔會迅速蔓延。最(zui)好(hao)(hao)讓它每天接受2-4小時(shi)的(de)散射日光;使用(yong)(yong)專(zhuan)用(yong)(yong)熒光燈,每天給(gei)予8-10小時(shi)的(de)人工光照(zhao)(zhao),植株也能(neng)正常生(sheng)長(chang)。在良好(hao)(hao)的(de)管(guan)理(li)條(tiao)件下,黃(huang)花貍藻不(bu)易患(huan)病,亦較少受到有(you)害動物的(de)侵襲。該種植物為多(duo)年(nian)生(sheng),其發(fa)苗迅速,每年(nian)可以繁衍出大(da)量新枝。由于黃(huang)花貍藻實際處于不(bu)斷自我更新的(de)狀態(tai),因(yin)此其最(zui)佳觀(guan)賞(shang)時(shi)間相對(dui)較長(chang),通常無具體年(nian)限(xian),連續栽種時(shi)段視實際眢理(li)水(shui)乎而定。
該種植物用(yong)分株法繁殖(zhi),可在每年5-8月進行(xing)。由于黃花貍藻在冬季(ji)會形(xing)成(cheng)冬芽,其(qi)落(luo)入水底后可于翌年春季(ji)再度萌發,因此也能利用(yong)分栽冬芽的方法進行(xing)育苗。
該種植物適合室內(nei)水體綠化(hua),是(shi)(shi)裝(zhuang)飾玻(bo)璃杯玻(bo)璃槽、玻(bo)璃瓶等容器(qi)的良好材料。當小型動物進人它的捕蟲囊后無法(fa)復出,而被其(qi)消(xiao)化(hua)吸收。由于(yu)它是(shi)(shi)一種食蟲植物,因(yin)此除供觀賞外,還可用于(yu)生物教學、科學研究。