“309號院(yuan)”位于(yu)河(he)北省石家莊市(shi)中(zhong)山路,是一幢(chuang)是由日(ri)本(ben)人建于(yu)20世(shi)紀30年(nian)代的(de)建筑(zhu),在(zai)解放初期,這(zhe)里曾作(zuo)為中(zhong)共中(zhong)央駐地西(xi)柏坡的(de)接待(dai)站,有(you)多(duo)位中(zhong)央領導(dao)曾經居(ju)住。“309號院(yuan)”見證(zheng)了石家莊在(zai)解放初期作(zuo)為全國政治中(zhong)心(xin)的(de)那段輝煌歷史(shi),并于(yu)2004年(nian)被評為石家莊市(shi)級(ji)文物保(bao)護單(dan)位。
“309號院”是抗(kang)戰時期石家(jia)莊(zhuang)成為華北乃至全國(guo)的(de)(de)政治(zhi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心后產生的(de)(de),是石家(jia)莊(zhuang)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心地位的(de)(de)歷史產物。石家(jia)莊(zhuang)解(jie)放(fang)后,在(zai)1948年2月(yue)25日和(he)3月(yue)20日,不到一個月(yue)的(de)(de)時間,中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)共(gong)(gong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)和(he)毛澤(ze)東曾兩次“點”到石家(jia)莊(zhuang),那時,毛澤(ze)東和(he)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)共(gong)(gong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)還在(zai)轉戰陜北。歷史的(de)(de)發展,完全按照(zhao)毛澤(ze)東的(de)(de)預想(xiang)前行(xing)著。中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)工委(wei)緊(jin)鑼密鼓地組織(zhi)實(shi)施(shi)了合并晉察冀(ji)和(he)晉冀(ji)魯豫兩大解(jie)放(fang)區,為建立新中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)奠基。至此,石家(jia)莊(zhuang)的(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心地位逐步確立。
石(shi)(shi)家(jia)(jia)(jia)莊成(cheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)華(hua)北解放區的(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心(xin),為(wei)(wei)(wei)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)立(li)足華(hua)北,靠(kao)近(jin)交通線(xian)和(he)大城(cheng)市,指(zhi)揮戰略決戰,奠定(ding)了(le)(le)基礎(chu),為(wei)(wei)(wei)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)在(zai)西(xi)柏(bo)(bo)坡(po)(po)建立(li)最后(hou)(hou)一(yi)(yi)個農村指(zhi)揮所創造了(le)(le)前(qian)提條件。1948年5月,中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)和(he)毛澤東進駐(zhu)石(shi)(shi)家(jia)(jia)(jia)莊西(xi)北的(de)(de)(de)西(xi)柏(bo)(bo)坡(po)(po),這時的(de)(de)(de)石(shi)(shi)家(jia)(jia)(jia)莊成(cheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)的(de)(de)(de)前(qian)哨(shao)和(he)屏障,成(cheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)的(de)(de)(de)對外、對內(nei)接待站,成(cheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)后(hou)(hou)勤保障基地(di)(di)。石(shi)(shi)家(jia)(jia)(jia)莊成(cheng)了(le)(le)全國的(de)(de)(de)政治中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)。當時人們稱西(xi)柏(bo)(bo)坡(po)(po)為(wei)(wei)(wei)“西(xi)邊”,石(shi)(shi)家(jia)(jia)(jia)莊為(wei)(wei)(wei)“東邊”,兩地(di)(di)人員來往(wang)頻繁,開吉普車(che)或騎(qi)馬(ma)一(yi)(yi)天(tian)就能往(wang)返一(yi)(yi)趟。由于石(shi)(shi)家(jia)(jia)(jia)莊是解放軍解放的(de)(de)(de)第(di)一(yi)(yi)個較大城(cheng)市,石(shi)(shi)家(jia)(jia)(jia)莊便成(cheng)了(le)(le)前(qian)線(xian)的(de)(de)(de)后(hou)(hou)方基地(di)(di),各野戰軍首(shou)長(chang)到(dao)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)開會、匯報工(gong)作(zuo),都先到(dao)石(shi)(shi)家(jia)(jia)(jia)莊,再到(dao)西(xi)柏(bo)(bo)坡(po)(po),然后(hou)(hou)再取道石(shi)(shi)家(jia)(jia)(jia)莊分赴各地(di)(di)。
如此,石(shi)家莊(zhuang)的接待(dai)任務(wu)日(ri)益繁忙。為了適(shi)應這一需要(yao),石(shi)家莊(zhuang)市(shi)政(zheng)府專門(men)成(cheng)立了交際(ji)處(chu),增設招待(dai)所。市(shi)長柯慶施(shi)親(qin)自選(xuan)定了華安(an)西(xi)街12號(hao)(現西(xi)建(jian)街1號(hao))為交際(ji)處(chu)的一部分(fen),特殊使(shi)用,代(dai)號(hao)“309號(hao)院”。抗(kang)戰革命時期,在“309號(hao)房院”居住(zhu)、工作過的領導同志就有毛澤東、劉少奇、周恩(en)來、朱(zhu)德(de)、任弼(bi)時、彭德(de)懷、鄧(deng)小平(ping)、陳毅、劉伯承、李(li)先(xian)念、董必武(wu)、聶(nie)榮臻、徐向(xiang)前(qian)等。
這座日(ri)式的(de)(de)(de)(de)“309號院(yuan)(yuan)”建筑已(yi)有(you)很(hen)多年(nian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)歷史(shi)了(le)(le),據(ju)附近居民描(miao)述,“309號院(yuan)(yuan)”里曾經是個美(mei)麗的(de)(de)(de)(de)花園,有(you)數(shu)棵(ke)參天大楊樹,還(huan)有(you)漂亮的(de)(de)(de)(de)高(gao)高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)竹林,滿墻(qiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)爬山虎映得整(zheng)個小院(yuan)(yuan)綠意(yi)盎然,茂盛的(de)(de)(de)(de)紫藤蘿幽香幽香的(de)(de)(de)(de)。有(you)人曾經在房屋中發現過一塊大約2尺長、4寸寬(kuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)圓(yuan)形(xing)(xing)木板,上面(mian)用毛筆字寫著“昭(zhao)和17年(nian)石(shi)門(men)第二(er)建筑公司建”。這個日(ri)式建筑明(ming)顯比普通的(de)(de)(de)(de)平房要高(gao)出(chu)許多,尖頂(ding)、拱形(xing)(xing)門(men),顯出(chu)了(le)(le)它的(de)(de)(de)(de)特色(se)。