分布于山(shan)西、河南北(bei)部、河北(bei)、內蒙古東部、遼寧和吉林的西部。生海拔1000-2200米(mi)山(shan)地草坡或疏林下。模式標本采自(zi)山(shan)西。
植株全體無毛。須根長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)達7厘(li)(li)米(mi)(mi)。莖高30-70厘(li)(li)米(mi)(mi),不分(fen)枝(zhi),疏(shu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(2-)3-4葉(xie)(xie)。基生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)葉(xie)(xie)1-4個,長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)16-36厘(li)(li)米(mi)(mi),有長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)柄;葉(xie)(xie)片(pian)五(wu)角(jiao)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)3.8-6.8厘(li)(li)米(mi)(mi),寬6.8-12.5厘(li)(li)米(mi)(mi),基部(bu)心(xin)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),三(san)全裂,全裂片(pian)分(fen)開,中央全裂片(pian)菱(ling)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),頂(ding)端(duan)急尖,三(san)裂達中部(bu)或(huo)稍(shao)超過中部(bu),邊緣密生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)稍(shao)不相(xiang)等的(de)三(san)角(jiao)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)銳鋸(ju)齒,側(ce)全裂片(pian)斜扇形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),二深(shen)裂近(jin)基部(bu),上面深(shen)裂片(pian)與(yu)中全裂片(pian)相(xiang)似,下面深(shen)裂片(pian)較小(xiao),斜菱(ling)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing);葉(xie)(xie)柄長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)12-30厘(li)(li)米(mi)(mi),基部(bu)具狹(xia)鞘。莖生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)葉(xie)(xie)似基生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)葉(xie)(xie),下部(bu)的(de)具長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)柄,上部(bu)的(de)較小(xiao),具短柄或(huo)無柄。花單獨頂(ding)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)或(huo)2-3朵組(zu)成(cheng)稀疏(shu)的(de)聚(ju)傘花序(xu),直徑(jing)3.8-5.5厘(li)(li)米(mi)(mi),通常在(zai)4.5厘(li)(li)米(mi)(mi)左右;花梗(geng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)5-9厘(li)(li)米(mi)(mi);苞片(pian)三(san)裂;萼片(pian)(6-)10-15(-19)片(pian),金黃色(se),干(gan)時不變綠色(se),外(wai)層的(de)橢圓狀卵(luan)(luan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)或(huo)倒卵(luan)(luan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),頂(ding)端(duan)疏(shu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)三(san)角(jiao)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)牙齒,間或(huo)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)3個小(xiao)裂片(pian),其他的(de)橢圓狀倒卵(luan)(luan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)或(huo)倒卵(luan)(luan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),頂(ding)端(duan)圓形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)不明顯(xian)的(de)小(xiao)牙齒,長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)1.5-2.8厘(li)(li)米(mi)(mi),寬0.7-1.6厘(li)(li)米(mi)(mi);花瓣18-21個,稍(shao)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)于萼片(pian)或(huo)與(yu)萼片(pian)近(jin)等長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang),稀比萼片(pian)稍(shao)短,狹(xia)線(xian)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),頂(ding)端(duan)漸狹(xia),長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)1.8-2.2厘(li)(li)米(mi)(mi),寬1.2-1.5毫米(mi)(mi);雄蕊長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)0.5-1.1厘(li)(li)米(mi)(mi),花藥長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)3-4毫米(mi)(mi);心(xin)皮20-30。蓇葖長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)1-1.2厘(li)(li)米(mi)(mi),寬約(yue)3毫米(mi)(mi),具稍(shao)明顯(xian)的(de)脈網,喙長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)約(yue)1毫米(mi)(mi);種(zhong)子近(jin)倒卵(luan)(luan)球形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)約(yue)1.5毫米(mi)(mi),黑色(se),光滑(hua),具4-5棱角(jiao)。6-7月開花,8-9月結果。
在(zai)(zai)內蒙(meng)古東部的(de)一些居群,萼片(pian)數(shu)目減少(shao)到6-8個,可看(kan)作(zuo)是(shi)金(jin)蓮(lian)花(hua)(hua)(hua)與短瓣(ban)(ban)金(jin)蓮(lian)花(hua)(hua)(hua)T.ledebouri之間的(de)過渡(du)類型,這時(shi),可從花(hua)(hua)(hua)瓣(ban)(ban)的(de)長度加以(yi)區別(bie),在(zai)(zai)金(jin)蓮(lian)花(hua)(hua)(hua),花(hua)(hua)(hua)瓣(ban)(ban)與萼片(pian)近(jin)等(deng)長,在(zai)(zai)短瓣(ban)(ban)金(jin)蓮(lian)花(hua)(hua)(hua),花(hua)(hua)(hua)瓣(ban)(ban)比雄蕊稍(shao)長,而比萼片(pian)短。
(1)金蓮花(hua)花(hua)皺縮,展平后直徑2-5.2cm;萼片(pian)8-19片(pian),金黃色(se),倒(dao)卵(luan)形或橢圓狀卵(luan)形,外層先端疏(shu)生三角形齒;花(hua)瓣13-22棕色(se),線形,約與萼片(pian)等長;雄蕊多數;子(zi)房20多個聚合,花(hua)柱芒尖狀。氣微,味苦。
(2)寬瓣金蓮花(hua)花(hua)皺縮(suo),濕潤展平(ping)后,直徑2.5-4.8cm;萼(e)片10-20,橙黃色,寬橢圓(yuan)形或(huo)倒(dao)卵形,長(chang)1-2.2cm,寬0.6-1.7cm,全緣或(huo)先端有(you)不(bu)整齊(qi)小齒;花(hua)瓣18-22棕色,匙狀(zhuang)線形,與(yu)萼(e)片等長(chang)或(huo)稍短(duan);雄蕊多數;于(yu)房(fang)多數,聚合(he),花(hua)柱短(duan)尖。氣微,味苦。
(3)矮(ai)金蓮花花單生(sheng),花梗長;萼片(pian)5,黃(huang)色,寬倒卵形(xing);花瓣匙(chi)狀線形(xing),棕(zong)色;雄蕊多數。氣微(wei),味苦。
(4)短瓣(ban)金蓮(lian)花花皺縮,濕(shi)潤展平(ping),直(zhi)徑3.3-5.5cm;萼(e)片5-8,黃色,外(wai)層橢(tuo)圓狀卵形,其他(ta)倒卵形,長1.2-2.8cm,寬1-1.5cm,先端有少(shao)數(shu)不明顯小齒;花瓣(ban)10-22,棕色,線形,長1.3-1.5cm;雄蕊多數(shu);子(zi)房約(yue)22個聚(ju)會,花柱短尖,棕黃色。氣微香,味苦。
喜冷涼濕潤環(huan)境,多生長在(zai)海拔1800米以上的高(gao)山草(cao)甸或疏林地帶(dai)。習(xi)性:金蓮花耐寒,常年生存在(zai)2-15攝氏(shi)度(du)。
其味(wei)辛(xin)(xin)辣,嫩(nen)梢、花(hua)蕾、新鮮(xian)種(zhong)子可作為(wei)食(shi)品調味(wei)料(liao)。綠色種(zhong)莢可腌制泡菜,脆嫩(nen)可口,微辣甘甜。干(gan)花(hua)可制成金蓮花(hua)茶供飲用(yong)。花(hua)和鮮(xian)嫩(nen)葉(xie)可入色拉(la)萊生食(shi),葉(xie)子多少有(you)(you)點(dian)異(yi)味(wei),但煮(zhu)后味(wei)道很好(hao)。未熟的(de)葉(xie)有(you)(you)辛(xin)(xin)辣味(wei),作香辛(xin)(xin)料(liao)使(shi)用(yong)或(huo)用(yong)于泡菜。莖、葉(xie)、果實均(jun)含有(you)(you)精油,葉(xie)中富(fu)含維生素和鐵,味(wei)微辛(xin)(xin)能健(jian)胃(wei),還(huan)對(dui)胃(wei)潰瘍(yang)和壞(huai)血病有(you)(you)效。