王(wang)士俊(jun)(jun)(1683-1750)生(sheng)于清康熙二(er)(er)十二(er)(er)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(1683),貴州(zhou)平(ping)(ping)越(今(jin)福泉)牛場渚滸人(ren)。字灼三(san),號犀川,出身書香(xiang)門(men)第(di)(di)、官(guan)宦世家。“10歲(sui)即能(neng)詩(shi)善文(wen),19歲(sui)入平(ping)(ping)越府學,廣交良友,不恥下(xia)問。見事不平(ping)(ping),據理爭辯(bian)。”康熙四十五年(nian)(nian)(nian)(1706)冬,王(wang)士俊(jun)(jun)鄉(xiang)(xiang)試不成(cheng),時年(nian)(nian)(nian)23歲(sui),便(bian)往河(he)(he)(he)南豐潤縣探望做官(guan)的父親,一(yi)面幫父親做一(yi)些文(wen)書事項(xiang),一(yi)面也研習朝廷律(lv)令、熟識政務(wu)吏(li)治(zhi)。后(hou)返鄉(xiang)(xiang)于康熙五十六年(nian)(nian)(nian)(1717)考中舉人(ren),六十年(nian)(nian)(nian)(1721)赴京會(hui)試,中進士改庶吉(ji)士,入翰林院任檢討。雍正(zheng)皇帝即位,號召天下(xia)百官(guan)士子向(xiang)朝廷進言,王(wang)士俊(jun)(jun)也提交了幾條(tiao)意見,被接納后(hou)于雍正(zheng)元年(nian)(nian)(nian)(1723)選送河(he)(he)(he)南任許(xu)州(zhou)知州(zhou),自此(ci)開始(shi)其官(guan)宦生(sheng)涯。當時許(xu)州(zhou)瀕臨黃(huang)河(he)(he)(he),黃(huang)河(he)(he)(he)經(jing)常決口,地方河(he)(he)(he)防(fang)物(wu)資年(nian)(nian)(nian)年(nian)(nian)(nian)缺乏,災荒時時發生(sheng),百姓(xing)困苦。王(wang)士俊(jun)(jun)到(dao)任后(hou),施以(yi)仁政“革除衙門(men)買賣官(guan)價,國課重(zhong)耗,派(pai)辦物(wu)料(liao)等(deng)陳規”,以(yi)市(shi)價買賣防(fang)河(he)(he)(he)材料(liao),杜絕以(yi)往官(guan)價高于市(shi)價弊端(duan),又(you)“嚴懲(cheng)盜賊,平(ping)(ping)反冤獄錯案”,“減免(mian)賦稅,鼓勵農耕”,許(xu)州(zhou)百姓(xing)生(sheng)活得以(yi)緩解。不久(jiu),王(wang)士俊(jun)(jun)又(you)兼(jian)任祁(qi)縣知縣,廉(lian)以(yi)勤政,以(yi)培(pei)育(yu)人(ren)才為當務(wu)之(zhi)(zhi)急,并(bing)協(xie)助(zhu)審(shen)理宜陽疑案,平(ping)(ping)反昭雪,使(shi)無辜者得以(yi)解脫,真正(zheng)的強盜伏法。經(jing)河(he)(he)(he)南巡撫(fu)推薦(jian),調任河(he)(he)(he)南第(di)(di)一(yi)縣祥(xiang)符。在離開許(xu)州(zhou)時,百姓(xing)感(gan)恩,依依不舍,“擁留有脫輪斷鐙之(zhi)(zhi)風”。
祥(xiang)符雖為(wei)(wei)河南首縣,河災(zai)更(geng)為(wei)(wei)嚴重(zhong),百姓負擔較許(xu)州增多。王(wang)士(shi)俊(jun)到后經(jing)調(diao)查(cha)了解,當(dang)即免(mian)(mian)去民工每年幫堤工銀二萬(wan)余(yu)(yu)兩。該(gai)縣在每次黃(huang)河決口后,田土都(dou)被(bei)泥沙壓埋,不(bu)能耕(geng)作(zuo),但百姓仍要(yao)繳納(na)賦稅(shui)銀二萬(wan)余(yu)(yu)兩。王(wang)士(shi)俊(jun)很(hen)同(tong)情,便擬(ni)出要(yao)求豁免(mian)(mian)此項款(kuan)銀的(de)條(tiao)陳呈送巡(xun)(xun)撫(fu),巡(xun)(xun)撫(fu)漫不(bu)經(jing)心稍(shao)作(zuo)閱覽便擲(zhi)甩(shuai)于地(di),王(wang)士(shi)俊(jun)從容拾(shi)取(qu)又呈上,然(ran)后正襟危坐,等待(dai)答復(fu)(fu)。巡(xun)(xun)撫(fu)怒而責怪他這是(shi)為(wei)(wei)博取(qu)好名聲才這樣做的(de),王(wang)士(shi)俊(jun)仍不(bu)為(wei)(wei)其動,據理力爭,并說“官可(ke)不(bu)做,民命(ming)不(bu)可(ke)不(bu)恤。”巡(xun)(xun)撫(fu)終究(jiu)被(bei)迫同(tong)意(yi),下令重(zhong)新勘(kan)查(cha),然(ran)后上報朝廷。經(jing)朝廷復(fu)(fu)查(cha)后,免(mian)(mian)去祥(xiang)符這二萬(wan)二千余(yu)(yu)兩地(di)正額銀賦,百姓又得復(fu)(fu)蘇生(sheng)息。
雍(yong)(yong)正三年(1725),王(wang)士俊(jun)得(de)廣東(dong)(dong)巡撫楊文乾賞識,奏(zou)準帶他(ta)赴廣東(dong)(dong)任(ren)(ren)事(shi)(shi),任(ren)(ren)命為(wei)(wei)(wei)瓊州 (今海南)知府(fu)、分巡嶺西道。王(wang)士俊(jun)上(shang)任(ren)(ren)伊(yi)始,便(bian)著力革除官(guan)府(fu)苛斂(lian)錢(qian)糧多(duo)種弊端和各州縣為(wei)(wei)(wei)迎(ying)接新(xin)任(ren)(ren)官(guan)員要(yao)送銀(yin)五千兩(liang)的(de)陳規(gui),他(ta)的(de)這(zhe)些措施得(de)到(dao)時人(ren)的(de)稱贊,并有人(ren)送上(shang)“清(qing)洗十萬(wan)贓名”條幅。不(bu)(bu)久,王(wang)士俊(jun)即(ji)署理廣東(dong)(dong)按察(cha)使。雍(yong)(yong)正五年(1727),由于(yu)王(wang)士俊(jun)廉正不(bu)(bu)阿,得(de)罪不(bu)(bu)少廣東(dong)(dong)本地官(guan)員,這(zhe)些人(ren)便(bian)以不(bu)(bu)能任(ren)(ren)事(shi)(shi)參(can)劾他(ta),雍(yong)(yong)正皇帝“洞燭其私”,不(bu)(bu)聽。次年,升任(ren)(ren)廣東(dong)(dong)布政使,欽賜貂皮、綢緞,得(de)“專折奏(zou)事(shi)(shi)”特權。雍(yong)(yong)正八(ba)年(1730),主修(xiu)《廣東(dong)(dong)通志》。旋升遷湖(hu)北(bei)巡撫,得(de)雍(yong)(yong)正皇帝三次召見,賜物。王(wang)士俊(jun)到(dao)湖(hu)北(bei)任(ren)(ren)后,經了解立即(ji)禁止了原湖(hu)北(bei)官(guan)場上(shang)下屬向上(shang)司送禮之(zhi)歪(wai)風(feng)。當時,衙門內有公費外(wai)余款銀(yin)二(er)萬(wan)余兩(liang),向來(lai)均被督撫等(deng)官(guan)員私分享用(yong)。王(wang)士俊(jun)則認為(wei)(wei)(wei),官(guan)員“廉俸(feng)外(wai)皆非(fei)所應得(de)”而堅決不(bu)(bu)接受這(zhe)種額外(wai)銀(yin)兩(liang),并奏(zou)請朝(chao)廷,將這(zhe)一部分款項收為(wei)(wei)(wei)庫(ku)存(cun),作為(wei)(wei)(wei)防修(xiu)長江大(da)堤之(zhi)用(yong)。
雍(yong)(yong)(yong)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)十年(1732),王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)士(shi)俊(jun)調遷河(he)東(dong)總(zong)督(du)。清(qing)制(zhi),河(he)東(dong)總(zong)督(du)專管山東(dong)、河(he)南兩(liang)省(sheng)(sheng)內黃河(he)事(shi)務(wu),不(bu)涉(she)及地(di)方(fang)行政(zheng)和官員的(de)管理。由于(yu)(yu)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)士(shi)俊(jun)在(zai)(zai)其(qi)他地(di)方(fang)為政(zheng)“直聲(sheng)久著(zhu)”,兩(liang)省(sheng)(sheng)州(zhou)府(fu)郡縣(xian)官員,還是(shi)(shi)很畏(wei)懼他的(de)到(dao)來,在(zai)(zai)某些程度上還“甚于(yu)(yu)(本省(sheng)(sheng))巡撫”,故(gu)不(bu)久兩(liang)省(sheng)(sheng)的(de)貪污腐敗事(shi)類(lei)基本收斂,而王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)士(shi)俊(jun)也正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)是(shi)(shi)這(zhe)樣,不(bu)畏(wei)任(ren)何強權酷吏。河(he)南學政(zheng)俞鴻圖(tu)在(zai)(zai)科考時,收受考生(sheng)賄賂,被王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)士(shi)俊(jun)參奏,朝(chao)廷查實后(hou)即將其(qi)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)法(fa)。知(zhi)曉此事(shi)的(de)各地(di)官員,“莫不(bu)股栗”。雍(yong)(yong)(yong)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)十一(yi)年(1733),王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)士(shi)俊(jun)受命兼任(ren)河(he)南巡撫,直到(dao)雍(yong)(yong)(yong)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)十三(san)年(1735)。此期間的(de)雍(yong)(yong)(yong)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)十二年,因王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)士(shi)俊(jun)政(zheng)績突出,雍(yong)(yong)(yong)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)皇帝(di)特(te)賜(si)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)士(shi)俊(jun)孔雀(que)花(hua)翎。清(qing)制(zhi),凡進士(shi)出身(shen)(shen)而任(ren)過翰林(lin)院(yuan)職務(wu)的(de)官員,皇帝(di)是(shi)(shi)不(bu)賞(shang)賜(si)孔雀(que)花(hua)翎的(de)。而自(zi)從王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)士(shi)俊(jun)得(de)(de)此殊榮后(hou),雍(yong)(yong)(yong)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)以(yi)后(hou)歷(li)代(dai)皇帝(di)才(cai)開始(shi)賞(shang)賜(si)翰林(lin)出身(shen)(shen)的(de)臣下(xia)孔雀(que)花(hua)翎。終雍(yong)(yong)(yong)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)一(yi)朝(chao),王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)士(shi)俊(jun)歷(li)任(ren)數省(sheng)(sheng)督(du)撫,政(zheng)績聲(sheng)譽皆佳,得(de)(de)皇帝(di)寵信(xin)不(bu)亞于(yu)(yu)他人(ren),史稱“世宗(即雍(yong)(yong)(yong)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng))不(bu)次用(yong)人(ren),士(shi)俊(jun)被特(te)達之(zhi)知(zhi),與(yu)李衛田文鏡并稱”。
雍(yong)正(zheng)善(shan)用人(ren)(ren)也(ye)疑人(ren)(ren),王(wang)(wang)士(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)俊(jun)雖(sui)得寵信,但仍(reng)(reng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)雍(yong)正(zheng)不放心和猜疑。故(gu)事(shi)(shi):王(wang)(wang)士(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)俊(jun)在赴河東任(ren)(ren)(ren)前(qian),將離(li)京,大學(xue)士(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)張廷玉(yu)推薦一(yi)個(ge)男仆隨之(zhi)前(qian)往,此(ci)人(ren)(ren)在王(wang)(wang)士(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)俊(jun)府上辦事(shi)(shi)甚為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)得力,也(ye)很(hen)勤(qin)快、謹慎。在王(wang)(wang)士(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)俊(jun)即(ji)將任(ren)(ren)(ren)滿回(hui)京時,此(ci)人(ren)(ren)向(xiang)王(wang)(wang)士(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)俊(jun)辭別,王(wang)(wang)士(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)俊(jun)很(hen)是(shi)驚奇,問是(shi)什么原因,此(ci)人(ren)(ren)答道:我(wo)本是(shi)宮(gong)中侍(shi)衛(wei),奉皇帝之(zhi)命(ming)隨你赴任(ren)(ren)(ren),實為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)監督。幾年(nian)(nian)(nian)下來(lai),看你無什么大錯,現先(xian)行回(hui)京復命(ming),故(gu)前(qian)來(lai)辭行。此(ci)事(shi)(shi)過(guo)后(hou),王(wang)(wang)士(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)俊(jun)仍(reng)(reng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)“股栗者累(lei)日”。這件事(shi)(shi),一(yi)方面(mian)看出雍(yong)正(zheng)對(dui)任(ren)(ren)(ren)何人(ren)(ren)都(dou)(dou)是(shi)不放心,另一(yi)方面(mian),也(ye)說明(ming)王(wang)(wang)士(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)俊(jun)做官為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)政是(shi)清(qing)明(ming)廉正(zheng)的(de)。雍(yong)正(zheng)十三(san)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(1735),雍(yong)正(zheng)皇帝去世,乾隆(long)(long)即(ji)位(wei),未改元(yuan),以(yi)明(ming)年(nian)(nian)(nian)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)乾隆(long)(long)元(yuan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)。是(shi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)十一(yi)月,王(wang)(wang)士(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)俊(jun)因墾荒勸捐(juan)、虛報田(tian)畝數(shu)一(yi)事(shi)(shi)被(bei)戶部(bu)尚書史貽直彈劾,解任(ren)(ren)(ren)回(hui)京,任(ren)(ren)(ren)兵(bing)(bing)部(bu)侍(shi)郎(lang)。乾隆(long)(long)元(yuan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(1736)四月,以(yi)兵(bing)(bing)部(bu)侍(shi)郎(lang)銜署理四川巡撫。王(wang)(wang)士(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)俊(jun)到(dao)達成都(dou)(dou)后(hou),曾先(xian)后(hou)捐(juan)銀650兩,分賑成都(dou)(dou)火(huo)災(zai)災(zai)民(min)和給(gei)參(can)加鄉試的(de)窮苦考生購買肉米食用。不久,因越職上奏言事(shi)(shi)被(bei)參(can)劾,逮捕回(hui)京,下刑部(bu)獄。乾隆(long)(long)二年(nian)(nian)(nian)(1737),皇帝下詔,削職為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)民(min)回(hui)籍。乾隆(long)(long)二十一(yi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(1750),病逝于家。
王(wang)士(shi)俊官(guan)聲卓著,也(ye)很有學(xue)術成就,著有《河(he)南山東(dong)古吏治行》、《河(he)東(dong)從(cong)政(zheng)錄》、《困(kun)之(zhi)錄》、《清流縣(xian)志》等書稿(gao)行世。王(wang)士(shi)俊做官(guan),不(bu)論在州縣(xian)還(huan)是(shi)在督(du)撫(fu)(fu)任上,都極力(li)提倡獎掖人(ren)才、使(shi)用人(ren)才。如(ru)經他推薦(jian)的山東(dong)菏澤人(ren)劉藻,后官(guan)至貴(gui)(gui)州巡(xun)撫(fu)(fu)、云貴(gui)(gui)總督(du)。現貴(gui)(gui)陽弘(hong)福寺里就留有劉藻題寫的《黔靈山》詩一首(shou)。王(wang)士(shi)俊回原籍至終老,數遭家難,“囊(nang)中無資”,死后已無家產留給后人(ren)。劉藻在云貴(gui)(gui)總督(du)任上,曾(ceng)派出(chu)使(shi)者(zhe),前來祭(ji)掃(sao)王(wang)士(shi)俊墓(mu),并(bing)“贈金三(san)百(bai)”,以(yi)解(jie)決其子孫(sun)之(zhi)貧困(kun)。王(wang)士(shi)俊從(cong)政(zheng)僅(jin)僅(jin)十六(liu)年,官(guan)至封疆大吏,但他從(cong)不(bu)畏懼強權,凡他所到(dao)地方,“必(bi)以(yi)興(xing)利除弊,摧鋤奸貪,忠(zhong)精于濟,百(bai)折不(bu)回。卓然為一代名臣所不(bu)愧焉!”這才是(shi)歷史給他的公正評價。